Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (67850)
NVIDIA Delegated Licensing Service for all appliance platforms contains a vulnerability where an User/Attacker may cause an authorized action. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.4). No vendor patch available.
Rapid7 AppSpider Pro versions below 7.5.021 suffer from a project name validation vulnerability, whereby an attacker can change the project name directly in the configuration file to a name that. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in Red Hat Openshift AI Service. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security flaw in the '_transfer' function of a smart contract implementation for Money Making Opportunity (MMO), an Ethereum ERC721 Non-Fungible Token (NFT) project, allows users or attackers to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a memory corruption vulnerability due to an out of bounds read in DefaultFontOptions() when using SymbolEditor in NI Circuit Design Suite. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a memory corruption vulnerability due to an out of bounds write in XML_Serialize() when using SymbolEditor in NI Circuit Design Suite. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
TitanSystems Zender v3.9.7 contains an account takeover vulnerability in its password reset functionality. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of authentication requests lead to a user enumeration vector in the passkey authentication method. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A privilege escalation flaw from host to domain administrator was found in FreeIPA. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Chipsalliance Rocket-Chip commit f517abbf41abb65cea37421d3559f9739efd00a9 (2025-01-29) allowing attackers to corrupt exception handling and privilege state transitions via. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Issue summary: An application using the OpenSSL HTTP client API functions may trigger an out-of-bounds read if the 'no_proxy' environment variable is set and the host portion of the authority. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Issue summary: A timing side-channel which could potentially allow remote recovery of the private key exists in the SM2 algorithm implementation on 64 bit ARM platforms. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Issue summary: An application trying to decrypt CMS messages encrypted using password based encryption can trigger an out-of-bounds read and write. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host and Application (VA/SaaS deployments) contain an undocumented 'printerlogic' user with a hardcoded SSH public key in. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Cookie storage for non-HTML temporary documents was being shared incorrectly with normal browsing content, allowing information from private tabs to escape Incognito mode even after the user closed. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Bei Fen - WordPress Backup Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.2 via the 'task'. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The Tiny Bootstrap Elements Light plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.3.34 via the 'language' parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
PAD CMS improperly initializes parameter used for password recovery, which allows to change password for any user that did not use reset password functionality. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
AgentAPI is an HTTP API for Claude Code, Goose, Aider, Gemini, Amp, and Codex. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Crypt::RandomEncryption for Perl version 0.01 uses insecure rand() function during encryption. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
MinIO Java SDK is a Simple Storage Service (aka S3) client to perform bucket and object operations to any Amazon S3 compatible object storage service. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
mkdocs-include-markdown-plugin is an Mkdocs Markdown includer plugin. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
vet is an open source software supply chain security tool. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
FreshRSS is a free, self-hostable RSS aggregator. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Dell Repository Manager (DRM), versions 3.4.7 and 3.4.8, contains an Improper Handling of Insufficient Permissions or Privileges vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5). No vendor patch available.
Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 25.1.102 and Application prior to version 25.1.1413 (VA/SaaS deployments) contain two hardcoded private keys that are. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 25.1.102 and Application prior to version 25.1.1413 (VA/SaaS deployments) contains a /api-gateway/identity/search-groups. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 22.0.1049 and Application prior to version 20.0.2786 (VA/SaaS deployments) expose internal Docker containers through the. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Vasion Print (formerly PrinterLogic) Virtual Appliance Host prior to version 22.0.1049 and Application prior to version 20.0.2786 (VA and SaaS deployments) contain a private SSL key and matching. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Trivision NC-227WF firmware 5.80 (build 20141010) login mechanism reveals whether a username exists or not by returning different error messages ("Unknown user" vs. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Medical Informatics Engineering Enterprise Health includes the user's current session token in debug output. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
VMware NSX contains a weak password recovery mechanism vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A mass assignment vulnerability exists in danny-avila/librechat, affecting all versions. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
bash-git-prompt 2.6.1 through 2.7.1 insecurely uses the /tmp/git-index-private$$ file, which has a predictable name. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
VMware Aria Operations contains an information disclosure vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The credentials required to access the device's web server are sent in base64 within the HTTP headers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
CVE-2025-9904 is a security vulnerability (CVSS 5.3). Remediation should follow standard vulnerability management procedures.
Out-of-bounds read vulnerabilities exist in the print processing functionality of multiple Canon printer driver families, including Generic Plus PCL6, UFR II, LIPS4, LIPSLX, PS, PCL6, CARPS2, and related variants. These vulnerabilities allow remote attackers to read sensitive memory contents (information disclosure) and potentially cause application crashes, requiring user interaction (opening a malicious print job) to trigger. With an EPSS score of 0.05% and no evidence of active exploitation in the wild, this represents a low real-world risk despite moderate CVSS scoring.
A security vulnerability has been detected in zhuimengshaonian wisdom-education up to 1.0.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in Campcodes Farm Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The llama-index-core package, up to version 0.12.44, contains a vulnerability in the `get_cache_dir()` function where a predictable, hardcoded directory path `/tmp/llama_index` is used on Linux. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw has been found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Versions of the package github.com/nyaruka/phonenumbers before 1.2.2 are vulnerable to Improper Validation of Syntactic Correctness of Input in the phonenumbers.Parse() function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability was detected in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
SysReptor is a fully customizable pentest reporting platform. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
IBM Lakehouse (watsonx.data 2.2) stores potentially sensitive information in log files that could be read by a local user. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security vulnerability has been detected in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A weakness has been identified in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: DO NOT USE THIS CVE RECORD. No vendor patch available.
An issue in Aranda PassRecovery v1.0 allows attackers to enumerate valid user accounts in Active Directory via sending a crafted POST request to /user/existdirectory/1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in Tutorials-Website Employee Management System up to 611887d8f8375271ce8abc704507d46340837a60. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Flag Forge is a Capture The Flag (CTF) platform. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
jupyterlab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook Architecture. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Mercusys MW305R 3.30 and below is has a Transport Layer Security (TLS) certificate private key disclosure. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in givanz Vvveb up to 1.0.7.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
IBM Cognos Controller 11.0.0 through 11.0.1, and IBM Controller 11.1.0 through 11.1.1 could allow an attacker to obtain sensitive information due to the use of hardcoded cryptographic keys for. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
IBM Aspera HTTP Gateway 2.0.0 through 2.3.1 stores sensitive information in clear text in easily obtainable files which can be read by an unauthenticated user. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
A vulnerability was determined in givanz Vvveb up to 1.0.7.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Vimesoft Information Technologies and Software Inc. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 17.4 before 18.2.7, 18.3 before 18.3.3, and 18.4 before 18.4.1 where certain string conversion methods exhibit performance. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 14.10 before 18.2.7, 18.3 before 18.3.3, and 18.4 before 18.4.1, that could have allowed Guest users to access sensitive. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in honzat Page Manager for Elementor allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.0.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Local file inclusion in Subscribe To Unlock WordPress plugin versions up to 1.1.5 allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution, sensitive data disclosure, or full site compromise. EPSS score of 0.11% (29th percentile) indicates low probability of mass exploitation. No public exploit code or active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis.
Local file inclusion in Subscribe to Download WordPress plugin versions up to 2.0.9 allows authenticated attackers with low privileges to read arbitrary files on the server via manipulated PHP include paths. EPSS exploitation probability is low at 0.11% (29th percentile), and no active exploitation is confirmed in CISA KEV. The vulnerability requires authentication (PR:L) and high attack complexity (AC:H), limiting widespread exploitation risk despite the 7.5 CVSS score. Patchstack has documented this vulnerability, suggesting detection signatures exist for web application firewalls.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in thetechtribe The Tribal allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.3.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Local File Inclusion in Testimonial Slider WordPress plugin allows authenticated attackers with low-level privileges to include and execute arbitrary PHP files on the server, potentially leading to remote code execution, information disclosure, or complete site compromise. All versions through 3.5.8.6 are affected. The vulnerability requires only low-privilege authentication (PR:L) and has network attack vector (AV:N) with low complexity (AC:L), making it readily exploitable by registered users. EPSS score of 0.14% indicates low predicted exploitation probability in the wild, and no active exploitation or public POC has been identified at time of analysis.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in themelooks FoodBook allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.7.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in CoSchedule CoSchedule allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.3.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Benjamin Intal Stackable allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.18.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Shahjada Download Manager allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.3.24. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Maciej Bis Permalink Manager Lite allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.5.1.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in the cookie date handling logic of the libsoup HTTP library, widely used by GNOME and other applications for web communication. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Apache Airflow 3 introduced a change to the handling of sensitive information in Connections. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A username enumeration vulnerability exists in multiple WSO2 products when Multi-Attribute Login is enabled. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The Featured Image from URL (FIFU) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 5.2.7 through publicly exposed log files. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.