Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (67713)
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause a resource to be reused. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause incorrect control flow behavior. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause a resource to be reused. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause a resource to be reused. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause improper processing of input data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause improper validation of integrity. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT firmware, where an attacker could cause an out-of-bound write. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in hardware resources where an attacker could tamper with hardware controls. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Spark GB10 contains a vulnerability in SROOT, where an attacker could use privileged access to gain access to SoC protected areas. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Primakon Pi Portal 1.0.18 /api/v2/users endpoint is vulnerable to unauthorized data exposure due to deficient access control mechanisms. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Syrotech SY-GPON-1110-WDONT SYRO_3.7L_3.1.02-240517 allowing attackers to exctract the SSL Private Key, CA Certificate, SSL Certificate, and Client Certificates in .pem. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator and IBM Sterling File Gateway 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.7 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5 and 6.2.1.1 could disclose sensitive information due to a missing or insecure SameSite. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
An integer underflow vulnerability has been identified in Aicloud. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in WebKitGTK and WPE WebKit. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The atec Duplicate Page & Post plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized post duplication due to missing authorization validation on the duplicate_post() function in all versions up to, and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The AI Engine for WordPress: ChatGPT, GPT Content Generator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Read in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Locker Content plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in version 1.0.0 via the 'lockerco_submit_post' AJAX endpoint. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
MongoDB Server may experience an invariant failure during batched delete operations when handling documents. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
"FOD" App uses hard-coded cryptographic keys, which may allow a local unauthenticated attacker to retrieve the cryptographic keys. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inconsistent object size validation in time series processing logic may result in later processing of oversized BSON documents leading to an assert failing and process termination. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Clients may successfully perform a TLS handshake with a MongoDB server despite presenting a client certificate not aligning with the documented Extended Key Usage (EKU) requirements. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Inside Track / Entropy Derby is a research-grade horse-racing betting engine. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Sentry-Javascript is an official Sentry SDKs for JavaScript. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
LIBPNG is a reference library for use in applications that read, create, and manipulate PNG (Portable Network Graphics) raster image files. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
An Incorrect Access Control vulnerability was found in the Application Server of Desktop Alert PingAlert version 6.1.0.11 to 6.1.1.2 which allows Incorrect Access Control, leading to Remote. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In RSA Authentication Agent before 7.4.7, service paths and shortcut paths may be vulnerable to path interception if the path has one or more spaces and is not surrounded by quotation marks. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Concert 1.0.0 through 2.0.0 uses weaker than expected cryptographic algorithms that could allow an attacker to decrypt highly sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Inadequate lock protection within Xilinx Run time may allow a local attacker to trigger a Use-After-Free condition potentially resulting in loss of confidentiality or availability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Cinnamon kotaemon 0.11.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator and IBM Sterling File Gateway 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.7 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.5 and 6.2.1.1 could reveal sensitive server IP configuration information to an unauthorized. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
MILLENSYS Vision Tools Workspace 6.5.0.2585 exposes a sensitive configuration endpoint (/MILLENSYS/settings) that is accessible without authentication. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
An issue in Austrian Academy of Sciences (AW) Austrian Archaeological Institute OpenAtlas v.8.12.0 allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the login error messages. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A firmware downgrade vulnerability exists in the OTA Update functionality of GL-Inet GL-AXT1800 4.7.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Apache Syncope can be configured to store the user password values in the internal database with AES encryption, though this is not the default option. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A Looker user with Developer role could create a database connection using Denodo driver and, by manipulating LookML, cause Looker to execute a malicious command. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
A Looker user with a Developer role could create a database connection using IBM DB2 driver and, by manipulating LookML, cause Looker to execute a malicious command, due to inadequate filtering of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
A sensitive information disclosure vulnerability exists in the error handling component of ATISoluciones CIGES Application version 2.15.6 and earlier. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Backup Migration WordPress plugin before 2.0.0 does not properly generate its backup path in certain server configurations, allowing unauthenticated users to fetch a log that discloses the backup. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in code-projects Blog Site 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
A weakness has been identified in SourceCodester Inventory Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Secure Flag passed to Versal™ Adaptive SoC’s Trusted Firmware for Cortex®-A processors (TF-A) for Arm’s Power State Coordination Interface (PSCI) commands were incorrectly set to secure instead. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The security state of the calling processor into Trusted Firmware (TF-A) is not used and could potentially allow non-secure processors access to secure memories, access to crypto operations, and the. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
The OneClick Chat to Order plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.8 via the 'wa_order_thank_you_override' function due to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Subscriptions & Memberships for PayPal plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to fake payment creation in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.7. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
With TLS 1.2 connections a client can use any digest, specifically a weaker digest that is supported, rather than those in the CertificateRequest. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Roo Code is an AI-powered autonomous coding agent that lives in users' editors. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Vulnerability in X25519 constant-time cryptographic implementations due to timing side channels introduced by compiler optimizations and CPU architecture limitations, specifically with the. Rated low severity (CVSS 1.0). No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation in the TLS 1.3 KeyShareEntry parsing in wolfSSL v5.8.2 on multiple platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause a denial-of-service by sending a crafted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Improper input validation in the TLS 1.3 CertificateVerify signature algorithm negotiation in wolfSSL 5.8.2 and earlier on multiple platforms allows for downgrading the signature algorithm used. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Improper Input Validation in the TLS 1.3 CKS extension parsing in wolfSSL 5.8.2 and earlier on multiple platforms allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to potentially cause a denial-of-service via. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
The server previously verified the TLS 1.3 PSK binder using a non-constant time method which could potentially leak information about the PSK binder. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
SpiceDB is an open source database system for creating and managing security-critical application permissions. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Minder is an open source software supply chain security platform. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
ESF-IDF is the Espressif Internet of Things (IOT) Development Framework. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A spoofing issue was addressed with improved truncation when displaying the fully qualified domain name This issue is fixed in Safari 18.5, macOS Sequoia 15.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
With TLS 1.3 pre-shared key (PSK) a malicious or faulty server could ignore the request for PFS (perfect forward secrecy) and the client would continue on with the connection using PSK without PFS. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Black Duck SCA versions prior to 2025.10.0 had user role permissions configured in an overly broad manner. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper resource release in the call termination process in AWS Wickr before version 6.62.13 on Windows, macOS and Linux may allow a call participant to continue receiving audio input from another. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
hpke-js is a Hybrid Public Key Encryption (HPKE) module built on top of Web Cryptography API. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of insufficient entropy in the AMD CPUs could allow a local attacker to influence the values returned by the RDSEED instruction, potentially resulting in the consumption of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
MLX is an array framework for machine learning on Apple silicon. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A bug within some AMD CPUs could allow a local admin-privileged attacker to run a SEV-SNP guest using stale TLB entries, potentially resulting in loss of data integrity. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3). No vendor patch available.
In RNP version 0.18.0 a refactoring regression causes the symmetric session key used for Public-Key Encrypted Session Key (PKESK) packets to be left uninitialized except for zeroing, resulting in it. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Tainacan plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0 via uploaded files marked as private being exposed in wp-content without adequate. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Mstoreapp Mobile App WordPress plugin through 2.08 and Mstoreapp Mobile Multivendor through 9.0.1 do not properly verify users identify when using an AJAX action, allowing unauthenticated users. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in MatrixAddons Easy Invoice easy-invoice allows PHP Local File Inclusion.1.4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Craig Hewitt Seriously Simple Podcasting seriously-simple-podcasting allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive System Information to an Unauthorized Control Sphere vulnerability in Uncanny Owl Uncanny Automator uncanny-automator allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.10.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ACPI: video: Fix use-after-free in acpi_video_switch_brightness() The switch_brightness_work delayed work accesses.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Revert "NFSD: Remove the cap on number of operations per NFSv4 COMPOUND" I've found that pynfs COMP6 now leaves the connection or. No vendor patch available.