Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (13648)
An issue in KukuFM Android v1.12.7 (11207) allows attackers to access sensitive cleartext data via the android:allowBackup="true" in the ANdroidManifest.xml. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in Audi UTR Dashcam 2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
go-redis is the official Redis client library for the Go programming language. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The data exposure vulnerability in Liferay Portal 7.4.0 through 7.4.3.126, and Liferay DXP 2024.Q3.0, 2024.Q2.0 through 2024.Q2.12, 2024.Q1.1 through 2024.Q1.12, 2023.Q4.0 through 2023.Q4.10,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02 and classified as problematic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02 and classified as problematic. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, was found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in D-Link DIR-618 and DIR-605L 2.02/3.02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts vulnerability in BG-TEK Coslat Hotspot allows Password Brute Forcing, Authentication Abuse.26.0.R.20250227. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
HCL Digital Experience components Ring API and dxclient may be vulnerable to man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks prior to 9.5 CF226. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion due to insufficient file path validation in the admin_log_page() function in all versions. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
The Order Export & Order Import for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 2.6.0 via deserialization of untrusted input from the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects.
A vulnerability in langgenius/dify v0.10.1 allows an attacker to take over any account, including administrator accounts, by exploiting a weak pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) used for. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the SageMaker Workflow component of aws/sagemaker-python-sdk allows for the possibility of MD5 hash collisions in all versions. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
eosphoros-ai/DB-GPT version latest is vulnerable to arbitrary file deletion on Windows systems via the '/v1/agent/hub/update' endpoint. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In berriai/litellm version v1.52.1, an issue in proxy_server.py causes the leakage of Langfuse API keys when an error occurs while parsing team settings. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
In berriai/litellm before version 1.44.12, the `litellm/litellm_core_utils/litellm_logging.py` file contains a vulnerability where the API key masking code only masks the first 5 characters of the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the latest version of transformeroptimus/superagi. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In version v0.0.14 of transformeroptimus/superagi, there is an improper privilege management vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In version 0.0.14 of transformeroptimus/superagi, the API endpoint `/api/users/get/{id}` returns the user's password in plaintext. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An unauthenticated directory traversal vulnerability exists in Polyaxon, affecting the latest version. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In lunary-ai/lunary version v1.4.29, the GET /projects API endpoint exposes both public and private API keys for all projects to users with minimal permissions, such as Viewers or Prompt Editors. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In lunary-ai/lunary version v1.4.28, the /bigquery API route lacks proper access control, allowing any logged-in user to create a Datastream to Google BigQuery and export the entire database. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
In lunary-ai/lunary, the privilege check mechanism is flawed in version git afc5df4. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In h2oai/h2o-3 version 3.46.0, the `/99/Models/{name}/json` endpoint allows for arbitrary file overwrite on the target server. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) vulnerability exists in modelscope/agentscope version v0.0.4. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) misconfiguration in prefecthq/prefect version 2.20.2 allows unauthorized domains to access sensitive data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the latest version of vanna-ai/vanna when using DuckDB as the database. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CORS misconfiguration vulnerability exists in netease-youdao/qanything version 1.4.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
An arbitrary file overwrite vulnerability exists in the ZulipConnector of danswer-ai/danswer, affecting the latest version. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A CORS misconfiguration in danswer-ai/danswer v1.4.1 allows attackers to steal sensitive information such as chat contents, API keys, and other data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
In open-webui version 0.3.8, the endpoint `/models/upload` is vulnerable to arbitrary file write due to improper handling of user-supplied filenames. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
corydolphin/flask-cors version 4.01 contains a vulnerability where the request path matching is case-insensitive due to the use of the `try_match` function, which is originally intended for matching. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In h2oai/h2o-3 version 3.46.0, an endpoint exposing a custom EncryptionTool allows an attacker to encrypt any files on the target server with a key of their choosing. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In h2oai/h2o-3 version 3.46.0, the endpoint for exporting models does not restrict the export location, allowing an attacker to export a model to any file in the server's file structure, thereby. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
corydolphin/flask-cors version 4.0.1 contains an improper regex path matching vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Gunicorn version 21.2.0 does not properly validate the value of the 'Transfer-Encoding' header as specified in the RFC standards, which leads to the default fallback method of 'Content-Length,'. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
In langgenius/dify v0.10.1, the `/forgot-password/resets` endpoint does not verify the password reset code, allowing an attacker to reset the password of any user, including administrators. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A local file inclusion vulnerability was identified in automatic1111/stable-diffusion-webui, affecting version git 82a973c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability was discovered in haotian-liu/llava, affecting version git c121f04. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Ollama versions <=0.3.14 allows a malicious user to create a customized gguf model file that can be uploaded to the public Ollama server. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference) vulnerability exists in transformeroptimus/superagi version v0.0.14. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
langgenius/dify version v0.10.1 contains a vulnerability where there are no limits applied to the number of code guess attempts for password reset. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in lm-sys/fastchat version 0.2.36. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS) vulnerability exists in feast-dev/feast version 0.40.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in haotian-liu/llava version 1.2.0 (LLaVA-1.6) allows for Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) through the /run/predict endpoint. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In lunary-ai/lunary before version 1.6.3, the application allows the creation of evaluators without enforcing a unique constraint on the combination of projectId and slug. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In invoke-ai/invokeai version v5.0.2, the web API `POST /api/v1/images/delete` is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Deletion. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CVE ID NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in langchain-core versions >=0.1.17,<0.1.53, >=0.2.0,<0.2.43, and >=0.3.0,<0.3.15 allows unauthorized users to read arbitrary files from the host file system. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
eosphoros-ai/db-gpt version 0.6.0 contains a vulnerability in the RAG-knowledge endpoint that allows for arbitrary file write. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In phpipam/phpipam version 1.5.1, the Secure attribute for sensitive cookies in HTTPS sessions is not set. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A path traversal vulnerability exists in the 'document uploads manager' feature of mintplex-labs/anything-llm, affecting the latest version prior to 1.2.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An information disclosure vulnerability exists in the latest version of transformeroptimus/superagi. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
parisneo/lollms-webui versions v9.9 to the latest are vulnerable to a directory listing vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Improper Handling of Highly Compressed Data (Data Amplification) vulnerability in Apache Seata (incubating).2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Age Gate plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local PHP File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.3 via the 'lang' parameter. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Event Manager, Events Calendar, Tickets, Registrations - Eventin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.24 via the 'style' parameter. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The WhatsApp cloud service before late 2024 did not block certain crafted PDF content that can defeat a sandbox protection mechanism and consequently allow remote access to messaging applications by. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Applio is a voice conversion tool. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Intrexx Portal Server 12.0.2 and earlier which was classified as problematic potentially allows users with particular permissions under certain conditions to see potentially. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In GnuPG before 2.5.5, if a user chooses to import a certificate with certain crafted subkey data that lacks a valid backsig or that has incorrect usage flags, the user loses the ability to verify. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Nuxt is an open-source web development framework for Vue.js. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM InfoSphere Information Server 11.7 could allow a local user to execute privileged commands due to the improper handling of permissions. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
Jenkins Zoho QEngine Plugin 1.0.29.vfa_cc23396502 and earlier does not mask the QEngine API Key form field, increasing the potential for attackers to observe and capture it. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
reviewdog/action-setup GitHub Action was compromised with malicious code that dumped CI/CD secrets to workflow logs, affecting all reviewdog actions that depend on this setup action.
kin-openapi is a Go project for handling OpenAPI files. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Syliud PayPal Plugin is the Sylius Core Team’s plugin for the PayPal Commerce Platform. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm, Use of Password Hash With Insufficient Computational Effort, Use of Weak Hash, Use of a One-Way Hash with a Predictable Salt vulnerabilities in Beta80 "Life. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Beta80 Life 1st enables the retrieval of different error messages for failed authentication attempts (in case of the usage of a wrong password or a non existent user). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.