Denial of Service
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
How It Works
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions. Attackers exploit asymmetry: minimal attacker effort produces disproportionate resource consumption on the target. Application-level attacks use specially crafted inputs that trigger expensive operations—a regex engine processing malicious patterns can backtrack exponentially, or XML parsers recursively expand entities until memory exhausts. Network-level attacks flood targets with connection requests or amplify traffic through reflection, but application vulnerabilities often provide the most efficient attack surface.
The attack typically begins with reconnaissance to identify resource-intensive operations or unprotected endpoints. For algorithmic complexity attacks, adversaries craft inputs hitting worst-case performance—hash collision inputs filling hash tables with collisions, deeply nested JSON triggering recursive parsing, or pathological regex patterns like (a+)+b against strings of repeated 'a' characters. Resource exhaustion attacks open thousands of connections, upload massive files to unbounded storage, or trigger memory leaks through repeated operations. Crash-based attacks target error handling gaps: null pointer dereferences, unhandled exceptions in parsers, or assertion failures that terminate processes.
Impact
- Service unavailability preventing legitimate users from accessing applications during attack duration
- Revenue loss from downtime in e-commerce, SaaS platforms, or transaction processing systems
- Cascading failures as resource exhaustion spreads to dependent services or database connections pool out
- SLA violations triggering financial penalties and damaging customer trust
- Security team distraction providing cover for data exfiltration or intrusion attempts running concurrently
Real-World Examples
CVE-2018-1000544 in Ruby's WEBrick server allowed ReDoS through malicious HTTP headers containing specially crafted patterns that caused the regex engine to backtrack exponentially, freezing request processing threads. A single attacker could saturate all available workers.
Cloudflare experienced a global outage in 2019 when a single WAF rule containing an unoptimized regex hit pathological cases on legitimate traffic spikes. The .*(?:.*=.*)* pattern exhibited catastrophic backtracking, consuming CPU cycles across their edge network until the rule was disabled.
CVE-2013-1664 demonstrated XML bomb vulnerabilities in Python's XML libraries. Attackers uploaded XML documents with nested entity definitions-each entity expanding to ten copies of the previous level. A 1KB upload could expand to gigabytes in memory during parsing, crashing applications instantly.
Mitigation
- Strict input validation enforcing size limits, complexity bounds, and nesting depth restrictions before processing
- Request rate limiting per IP address, API key, or user session with exponential backoff
- Timeout enforcement terminating operations exceeding reasonable execution windows (typically 1-5 seconds)
- Resource quotas limiting memory allocation, CPU time, and connection counts per request or tenant
- Regex complexity analysis using linear-time algorithms or sanitizing patterns to eliminate backtracking
- Circuit breakers automatically rejecting requests when error rates or latency thresholds indicate degradation
- Load balancing and autoscaling distributing traffic across instances with automatic capacity expansion
Recent CVEs (39804)
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's Network component prior to version 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox by enticing a user to visit a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption issue rated High severity by the Chromium team, and while no public exploit is identified at time of analysis, browser memory-corruption bugs of this class are historically attractive targets when chained with a sandbox escape.
Heap corruption in Google Chrome on macOS prior to version 148.0.7778.216 can be triggered remotely through a crafted HTML page combined with specific user interface gestures, leveraging a use-after-free condition in the WebAppInstalls component. Chrome rates this as High severity and has shipped a patched stable channel release, though no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS estimates exploitation probability at just 0.03%.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Linux prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows remote attackers to leverage a WebRTC use-after-free condition through a crafted HTML page to break out of the renderer sandbox. The flaw was reported by the Chrome security team and rated High severity by Chromium, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis and an EPSS score of 0.03% (10th percentile) suggesting low near-term exploitation likelihood. Successful exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a malicious page) and high attack complexity, but the scope-changing impact (S:C) and full CIA compromise make it a meaningful browser-targeted risk.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome for Windows versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free condition in the UI component, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by luring a user to a crafted HTML page. Chromium rated the issue High severity and CVSS 8.8 reflects the network-reachable, low-complexity nature of the bug, tempered only by required user interaction (visiting the malicious page). No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not currently listed in CISA KEV.
Sandboxed remote code execution in Google Chrome desktop versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free defect in the Glic component, allowing a remote attacker to corrupt memory and execute arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox when a victim visits a crafted HTML page. Google has rated the Chromium severity as High and shipped a Stable channel update; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not currently listed in CISA KEV. The CVSS 8.8 score reflects network reachability and user interaction (loading a page), with full impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability inside the sandboxed process.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's WebGL component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.216) allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox via a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption issue rated High severity by Chromium, requiring user interaction (visiting a page) and a prior renderer compromise, making it a second-stage exploit primitive. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.03%.
Arbitrary code execution in Google Chrome on macOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free condition in the Bluetooth component, exploitable through a malicious browser extension. Chromium rates the severity as High, and while CVSS scores it 8.1 with network attack vector, real-world exploitation requires the victim to install an attacker-controlled extension. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.01%.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's WebRTC component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.216) allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code within the browser sandbox by enticing a victim to load a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption issue rated High by Chromium's security team, and while no public exploit identified at time of analysis, the CVSS 8.8 score reflects the low-complexity network-based attack vector combined with the high impact across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. User interaction (visiting a malicious page) is required, but otherwise no authentication or privileges are needed.
Heap corruption in Google Chrome's SurfaceCapture component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.216) allows a remote attacker to potentially execute arbitrary code by luring a user to a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free issue rated High severity by the Chromium project, with a CVSS score of 8.8 reflecting low complexity and no authentication, though user interaction is required. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%, 11th percentile), but the historical pattern of Chrome UAF bugs being weaponized makes patching urgent.
Heap corruption in Google Chrome's PDFium component before version 148.0.7778.216 lets a remote attacker trigger a use-after-free condition by serving a crafted PDF, opening the door to code execution within the renderer process. The flaw carries a CVSS 8.8 (High) rating and requires user interaction (UI:R) to open or render the malicious document. EPSS is currently very low (0.03%, 11th percentile) and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though Chrome PDFium UAFs have a long history of weaponization in browser exploit chains.
Sandboxed arbitrary code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free condition in the PDF component that remote attackers can trigger by serving a crafted PDF file. The flaw carries a CVSS 8.8 rating reflecting network reach with required user interaction (opening or rendering a malicious PDF), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis though Google rates the underlying Chromium severity as High.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome on iOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows attackers to exploit a use-after-free memory corruption flaw when a victim is lured to a malicious HTML page and performs specific UI gestures. The issue carries a CVSS 7.5 (High) score with high attack complexity and required user interaction, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Heap corruption in Google Chrome's TabStrip component before version 148.0.7778.216 allows remote attackers to potentially achieve code execution by serving a crafted HTML page and inducing the victim to perform specific UI gestures. Chromium rates the issue High severity, but EPSS places exploitation probability at just 0.03% (11th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, reflecting the high attack complexity and required user interaction.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's WebAudio component (versions prior to 148.0.7778.216) allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the renderer sandbox via a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption issue rated High severity by Chromium, with a CVSS score of 8.8 reflecting low attack complexity and no authentication required, though user interaction (visiting a page) is needed. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not currently listed in CISA KEV.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 enables remote attackers to break out of the renderer process sandbox by enticing a user to visit a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free condition in the UI component. Chromium rates the severity as High, and a vendor patch is available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is currently very low (0.03%, 11th percentile).
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows before 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox via a crafted HTML page leveraging a use-after-free in Core. The flaw is rated High by Chromium and carries CVSS 8.3, but EPSS is very low (0.03%) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, so it is most relevant as the second stage of a multi-bug exploit chain rather than a standalone entry vector.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on macOS before 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox via a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free in the Views UI component. The flaw is rated High severity by Chromium and carries a CVSS 8.3 due to scope change, but EPSS is only 0.03% and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Exploitation is realistic only as the second stage of a chained renderer compromise rather than a standalone drive-by attack.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free flaw in the browser's XML handling component, allowing a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the renderer sandbox via a crafted HTML page. Chromium rates the severity as High with a CVSS 3.1 score of 8.8, and exploitation requires user interaction such as visiting a malicious site. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but use-after-free flaws in Chrome's XML parsing have historically been chained with sandbox escapes for full system compromise.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free condition in the ANGLE graphics translation layer that lets a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process break out of the browser sandbox via a crafted HTML page. Google rates this High severity and a vendor patch is available, but EPSS scoring (0.03%, 11th percentile) is low and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, suggesting it has not yet been weaponized broadly.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome on Windows prior to version 148.0.7778.216 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox by enticing a victim to visit a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free condition in the Media component. Rated High severity by Chromium with a CVSS 8.8 score, the flaw requires user interaction (visiting a malicious page) but no authentication, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome (ANGLE component) prior to version 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside the renderer sandbox via a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption issue (CWE-416) rated High severity by Chromium and CVSS 8.8, requiring only that a victim visit a malicious page. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVE is not currently listed in CISA KEV.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox via a use-after-free flaw in the UI component, triggered by a crafted HTML page. Chromium rates this High severity and a vendor patch is available, though no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.03%, 11th percentile).
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on macOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the GPU/GFX sandbox via a crafted HTML page, leveraging a use-after-free condition. The flaw is rated High severity by Chromium (CVSS 8.3) and requires user interaction plus a chained renderer compromise; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.03%).
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free flaw in the Aura UI framework component. A remote attacker who lures a user to a malicious HTML page and convinces them to perform specific UI gestures can execute arbitrary code within the browser process. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 7.5 score reflects high attack complexity combined with required user interaction.
Use-after-free in the Input component of Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to trigger heap corruption when a victim is lured to a crafted HTML page and performs specific UI gestures. Chromium rates the severity High, and while no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%, 11th percentile), the bug class historically yields renderer RCE when chained with a sandbox escape. A vendor patch is available in the stable channel update referenced by Google.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the renderer sandbox via a use-after-free in the ANGLE graphics layer. Exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a crafted HTML page) and a pre-existing renderer compromise, so it functions as the second stage of an exploit chain rather than a standalone RCE. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%), but Chrome rates the underlying flaw as High severity.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's GPU process prior to version 148.0.7778.216 lets a remote attacker who has already gained code execution inside the renderer process break out of Chrome's sandbox via a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free (CWE-416) rated High by Chromium and carries CVSS 8.3 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C). EPSS is very low (0.03%), and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the bug is part of a stable-channel security release shipped by Google.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's ANGLE graphics layer prior to version 148.0.7778.216 allows attackers to run arbitrary code inside the browser sandbox when a victim visits a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free memory corruption issue (CWE-416) reported internally by the Chrome team and rated High by Chromium; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though Chrome UAF bugs in ANGLE are historically attractive targets and pair well with sandbox escapes.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 enables remote attackers, who have already compromised the renderer process, to break out of the browser sandbox via a use-after-free flaw in the ANGLE graphics translation layer. Exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a crafted HTML page) and a prior renderer compromise, making this a second-stage primitive in a chained attack. EPSS is low at 0.03% and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though Google rates the underlying Chromium severity as High.
Heap corruption in Google Chrome's Skia graphics library affects all versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 and can be triggered by a remote attacker hosting a crafted HTML page. Successful exploitation requires user interaction (visiting the page) but yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact within the renderer context. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%), though Chromium rates the severity as High and a vendor patch is available.
Renderer-to-browser sandbox escape in Google Chrome on macOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 enables remote code execution via a use-after-free in the GPU process. An attacker who has already compromised the renderer can leverage a crafted HTML page to corrupt GPU process memory and execute arbitrary code outside the renderer sandbox. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV, but Chromium rates the underlying severity as High.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox via a crafted HTML page exploiting a use-after-free in the Accessibility component. Chromium rates the severity as High and a vendor patch is available, but no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability remains very low at 0.03%.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free condition in the ANGLE graphics translation layer, triggered when a victim visits a crafted HTML page. Remote attackers can potentially break out of Chrome's renderer sandbox to gain broader access on the host system. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS exploitation probability is very low at 0.03% (11th percentile), though the Chromium team rated severity as High.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox via a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free in the Accessibility component. Chromium rates the issue High severity and a vendor patch is available, though no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is currently low (0.03%, 11th percentile).
Sandbox escape and arbitrary code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free flaw in the ANGLE graphics translation layer. An attacker who has already compromised the renderer process can leverage a crafted HTML page to break memory safety and execute code in a higher-privileged context. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though Chromium rates the underlying severity as High.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome's ANGLE graphics layer prior to version 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox via a crafted HTML page. The flaw is a use-after-free (CWE-416) rated High severity by Chromium with a CVSS score of 8.3, but EPSS exploitation probability is currently very low at 0.03% and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 enables a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox by luring a user to a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free in the DOM implementation. The flaw carries a CVSS 8.8 (High) rating reflecting network reach with required user interaction, and Google has rated the Chromium severity as High; no public exploit is identified at the time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's sandbox via a use-after-free in the GPU process. Chrome rates the underlying memory corruption as High severity, and while no public exploit identified at time of analysis, the bug is part of a chained-exploit class historically weaponized against browsers. EPSS is very low (0.03%) reflecting the prerequisite of an already-compromised renderer rather than a direct one-shot RCE.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the Chromium sandbox via a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free in the Skia graphics library. Google rated this Critical internally, though no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS scores exploitation probability at just 0.03% (11th percentile). The flaw requires chaining with a separate renderer compromise, so it is a second-stage primitive rather than a single-shot RCE.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome before 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the browser sandbox via a crafted Chrome Extension exploiting a use-after-free in the Extensions component. Chromium rates the underlying flaw as Critical severity, though no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability sits at 0.03% (11th percentile).
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox via a crafted HTML page targeting the XR (WebXR) component. The flaw is a use-after-free rated Critical by Chromium and CVSS 8.3 (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C); no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low at 0.03%, but the bug forms a key link in a multi-stage browser exploit chain.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome for Android versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 enables a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of the sandbox via a use-after-free flaw in the WebView component. Chromium rates the severity as Critical, and a vendor patch is available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.03%, 10th percentile), but the chained-exploit potential against mobile users makes prompt patching important.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows attackers to exploit a use-after-free condition in the Proxy component via a malicious PAC (Proxy Auto-Config) script delivered through a crafted web page. Chromium rates this as Critical severity, and while no public exploit identified at time of analysis, the EPSS score of 0.04% reflects low predicted exploitation activity despite the high CVSS 8.8 rating. Successful exploitation requires user interaction (UI:R) such as visiting an attacker-controlled page that triggers the vulnerable PAC processing path.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on macOS prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to break out of the renderer sandbox by enticing a user to visit a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free in the Base component. Chromium rates the severity Critical and CVSS scores it 9.6, though no public exploit is identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is currently very low (0.03%).
Remote code execution in Google Chrome on macOS prior to version 148.0.7778.216 allows attackers to exploit a use-after-free flaw in the Browser component via a malicious HTML page. Rated Critical by Chromium's security team with a CVSS of 8.8, exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a crafted page) but no authentication, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. A vendor patch is available through the Chrome stable channel update.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via a crafted HTML page exploiting a use-after-free flaw in the Base component. Chromium classifies the severity as Critical, and Google has shipped a stable channel update; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis. Exploitation requires user interaction (visiting a malicious page), which is the typical drive-by browser attack model.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome on macOS versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows attackers to break out of the browser's renderer sandbox via a use-after-free flaw in the Bluetooth component. Exploitation requires convincing a user to install a malicious Chrome Extension, which then triggers the bug through crafted extension interactions. Chromium rates this Critical severity; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS remains low (0.01%) despite the high CVSS of 9.0.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 stems from a use-after-free flaw in ANGLE, the graphics abstraction layer that translates OpenGL ES calls to native GPU APIs. A remote attacker who lures a user into visiting a crafted HTML page can execute arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox, with Chromium rating the severity as Critical. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not currently listed in CISA KEV.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 enables a remote attacker who has already compromised the renderer process to break out of Chrome's sandbox via a use-after-free flaw in the ANGLE graphics translation layer. Exploitation requires user interaction with a crafted HTML page and is typically chained with a separate renderer-compromise bug. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low (0.03%), though Google rated the underlying issue Critical severity.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome for Android prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker who lures a user to a crafted HTML page to break out of the renderer sandbox by exploiting a use-after-free condition in the WebGL component. Chromium rates the issue Critical and CVSS scores it 9.6 due to the scope change from compromised renderer to host, though EPSS is only 0.03% (10th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Sandbox escape in Google Chrome versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to exploit a use-after-free condition in the Dawn WebGPU implementation through a crafted HTML page, leading to potential escape from the browser's renderer sandbox. The flaw carries a CVSS 9.6 with scope change reflecting cross-boundary impact, and while no public exploit identified at time of analysis, Google's own classification of the underlying Chromium severity as Critical signals significant risk to end users. EPSS is currently low (0.03%, 11th percentile), suggesting no widespread exploitation has been observed yet despite the severity.
Remote code execution in Google Chrome desktop versions prior to 148.0.7778.216 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code within the renderer sandbox by serving a crafted HTML page that triggers a use-after-free condition in the Network component. Google rates the underlying Chromium issue as Critical severity, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the bug class and reachable attack surface make it a high-priority browser patch.
Remote denial of service in Lakeside SysTrack Agent (lsiagent.exe) allows unauthenticated network attackers to crash the endpoint monitoring agent by sending a single malformed UDP packet to the Command ID 30 handler. The flaw was reported by VulnCheck and carries a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflecting high availability impact with no privileges or user interaction required; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though VulnCheck has published an advisory describing the trigger.
Remote denial of service in Oracle Database Server 23.4.0 through 23.26.2 allows unauthenticated network attackers to crash or hang the Net Service component via crafted TLS traffic. The flaw scores CVSS 7.5 with availability-only impact and was disclosed by Oracle in the May 2026 Critical Patch Update; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote denial-of-service in Oracle Database Server's Net Service component (versions 23.4.0 through 23.26.2) allows unauthenticated attackers with TLS network access to hang or repeatedly crash the listener, producing a complete DoS of database connectivity. The flaw is rated CVSS 7.5 (availability-only) and was disclosed by Oracle in the May 2026 Critical Patch Update; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not currently listed in CISA KEV.
Remote denial-of-service in Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS) versions 24.2.0 through 26.1.0 allows unauthenticated network attackers to cause a complete hang or repeatable crash of the service via the Mongoapi component over HTTPS. The vulnerability is rated CVSS 7.5 with availability-only impact and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the unauthenticated, low-complexity attack profile makes it operationally significant for any internet-exposed ORDS instance.
Cross-product compromise in Oracle REST Data Services (ORDS) versions 24.2.0 through 26.1.0 allows a low-privileged remote attacker who can lure an authenticated user into interacting with a crafted request to gain high-impact read and write access to ORDS-accessible data and cause partial denial of service. Because the CVSS scope is Changed (S:C), successful exploitation may also impact downstream Oracle components beyond ORDS itself. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV, but the 7.9 base score combined with scope change warrants prompt patching.
Unauthenticated denial of service and information disclosure in RustFS distributed object storage prior to version 1.0.0-beta.2 allows remote attackers to repeatedly invoke profiling endpoints that the admin router whitelists from authentication. Each request triggers a fixed 60-second CPU profiling operation and leaks the server's absolute filesystem path in the response. CVSS 4.0 scores this 8.8 (High) driven by high availability impact; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in the Symfony JsonPath component (json-path 7.3.0-7.4.11 and 8.0.0-8.0.11) lets remote attackers exhaust CPU and worker capacity when an application evaluates attacker-influenced JSONPath expressions server-side. The match()/search() filter functions compile caller-supplied patterns directly into preg_match() with no length cap, i-regexp restriction, or backtracking bound, so a crafted pattern like $[?search(@, "(a+)+$")] triggers catastrophic backtracking that pins a core for seconds per request. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.08%), but the pathological pattern is disclosed in the advisory and the fix is available in 7.4.12 and 8.0.12.
SAML assertion time-bound enforcement is missing in Casdoor 2.362.0 and earlier, allowing remote attackers to present SAML assertions whose NotBefore/NotOnOrAfter windows have expired and still obtain valid user sessions. The underlying gosaml2 library does compute the time-validity result, but Casdoor's ParseSamlResponse() never reads the assertionInfo.WarningInfo field where those results are reported, so the check is silently discarded. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.02%, 5th percentile).
Authentication bypass in Casdoor (versions ≤2.362.0) allows remote attackers to replay captured SAML assertions to hijack any user account, including administrators, without credentials or MFA. The SAML service provider implementation lacks assertion ID caching, OneTimeUse condition enforcement, and any form of replay detection, making any intercepted assertion indefinitely reusable. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the vulnerability was disclosed via CERT/CC (VU#780781), indicating coordinated vendor notification.
SAML authentication bypass in Casdoor 2.362.0 and earlier allows remote unauthenticated attackers to authenticate as arbitrary users by replaying SAML assertions issued for unrelated service providers, because the SP implementation never sets AudienceURI nor inspects NotInAudience warnings from gosaml2. Despite a 9.8 CVSS, EPSS is only 0.02% (5th percentile) and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the flaw is reported by CERT/CC which indicates coordinated disclosure rigor.
Authentication bypass in Casdoor identity and access management platform (versions ≤2.362.0) allows remote unauthenticated attackers to forge SAML assertions signed with attacker-controlled keys, impersonating arbitrary users. The flaw resides in the buildSpCertificateStore function, which trusts the X.509 certificate embedded in the inbound SAMLResponse rather than validating against the pre-configured Identity Provider certificate. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is currently low (0.01%), but SSVC flags the issue as automatable with total technical impact.
Memory corruption in the Linux kernel SMB client (cifs) allows a malicious SMB server to trigger out-of-bounds reads and potential dereferences in the DACL parsing path on 32-bit builds. The flaw resides in parse_sec_desc(), build_sec_desc(), and id_mode_to_cifs_acl(), where a server-supplied dacloffset value near U32_MAX can wrap around and bypass pointer-based bounds checks during chmod/chown operations against SMB shares. EPSS is very low at 0.02% and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the issue is a confirmed kernel bug with upstream fixes already merged.
Local privilege escalation or denial-of-service in the Linux kernel's RDMA/mlx4 InfiniBand driver stems from improper RCU synchronization in mlx4_srq_event(), where the mlx4_srq structure is never freed via RCU and can be accessed before initialization completes. Local low-privileged users on systems using Mellanox ConnectX (mlx4) RDMA hardware can trigger a race condition leading to memory corruption or kernel crash, with CVSS 7.8 reflecting high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS scores this at just 0.02%, indicating minimal real-world exploitation likelihood.
Out-of-bounds heap read and infinite loop in the Linux kernel Bluetooth HCI event handler (hci_le_create_big_complete_evt) allows an adjacent attacker to trigger denial of service on systems with Bluetooth LE Isochronous (BIG) connections. The flaw arises when a malicious or malformed controller returns an LE_Create_BIG_Complete event with fewer bis_handle entries than expected, causing the kernel to read past the flex array and spin indefinitely while holding hci_dev_lock. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS probability is very low (0.02%), but the issue is patched across multiple stable trees.
Denial-of-service in the Linux kernel mt76/mt7921 MediaTek Wi-Fi driver lets a buffer-length (buf_len) underflow occur while iterating the CLC (country location configuration) power table, producing a near-infinite loop or an invalid power setting that crashes driver initialization. Systems running affected kernels with MediaTek MT7921 Wi-Fi hardware are impacted; classified CWE-787 (out-of-bounds write) with a vendor-assigned CVSS of 7.8 (local, AV:L). No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.02%), consistent with a reliability/DoS defect rather than a readily weaponizable memory-corruption primitive.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's xfrm (IPsec) state management subsystem allows local attackers with low privileges to trigger memory corruption via concurrent xfrm_state lifecycle operations. The flaw resides in __xfrm_state_delete() where value-based predicates on x->km.seq and x->id.spi can race with xfrm_alloc_spi() outside of xfrm_state_lock, leading to slab-use-after-free writes through LIST_POISON pointers on the byseq/byspi/bydst/bysrc hash chains. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low at 0.02% (5th percentile), but a vendor patch is available.
Remote information disclosure in the Linux kernel's RDMA Soft-RoCE (rxe) driver allows unauthenticated network attackers to leak adjacent kernel skb head-buffer memory by sending zero-length ATOMIC_WRITE RDMA packets. The flaw, tracked as CVE-2026-46114 and affecting kernels from 6.2 onward, lets a remote initiator extract 4 bytes of kernel tailroom per probe - including kernel strings and partial direct-map pointer words - into an attacker-controlled memory region. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low (0.05%, 17th percentile), but the vendor (kernel.org) has released stable patches across multiple branches.
Denial of service in the Linux kernel's stmmac Ethernet driver allows remote attackers to trigger a NULL pointer dereference and kernel panic on systems using STMicroelectronics MAC network controllers under sustained memory pressure. The flaw stems from incomplete handling of the DMA RX descriptor ring lifecycle, where stmmac_rx() cannot distinguish 'full' from 'dirty' descriptors when stmmac_rx_refill() fails to allocate replacement buffers. EPSS rates exploitation probability at only 0.02% (5th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Denial of service in the Symfony Yaml component (symfony/yaml and the monolithic symfony/symfony) allows remote attackers to hang the parser via catastrophic regular-expression backtracking in Parser::cleanup(). Supplying a YAML document with an oversized %YAML directive header, leading comment, or document-start/end marker forces the CPU to spin for an arbitrarily long time (CWE-1333), stalling any application that parses attacker-influenced YAML. No public weaponized exploit is identified, though the advisory and patch tests disclose the trigger payloads; EPSS is low at 0.08%, and the issue is not on CISA KEV.
Denial of service in the Symfony Yaml component (symfony/yaml and the symfony/symfony monolith) lets remote attackers crash PHP worker processes by submitting a YAML document with deeply nested mappings or sequences. Because neither the block-level parser (Parser::parseBlock()) nor the inline parser (Inline::parseSequence()/parseMapping()) enforced a recursion depth limit, a compact crafted payload exhausts the PHP call stack, killing the process. EPSS is low (0.09%, 26th percentile) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the bug is trivially triggerable wherever untrusted YAML is parsed.
Unauthenticated PHP object deserialization in Symfony's Monolog Bridge affects the development-time `server:log` console command, which by default binds its TCP log listener to 0.0.0.0:9911 and passes every received frame through `unserialize(base64_decode(...))` with no allowed_classes allowlist, authentication, or integrity check. Any host that can reach port 9911 on a machine running `server:log` can crash the listener (unauthenticated DoS) or trigger PHP object injection whose magic-method side effects may reach remote code execution when a usable gadget chain exists in the target's autoload set. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low (0.99%, 77th percentile) and the flaw is not in CISA KEV, consistent with a dev-only tool rather than a production-facing service.
Denial of service in Gladinet Triofox lets unauthenticated remote attackers crash the web service by sending an HTTP request whose URL path begins with /status or /sysinfo. The server tries to load WOSHttpStatusModule.dll to service those paths and calls WOSBin_LoadHttpModule, but that DLL ships missing from the installation, so the resolved function pointer is NULL and the code invokes a function at address 0, terminating the process (CWE-476). The flaw was discovered and reported by Tenable (TRA-2026-45); no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on the CISA KEV list, with availability-only impact (CVSS 7.5).
Denial of service in Gladinet Triofox lets remote unauthenticated attackers crash the Triofox Server Agent by triggering a NULL pointer dereference. The function WOSSysInfoGetDeviceInterface() in WOSCommonUtil.dll returns NULL whenever no user is logged into the Server Agent Management Console, and callers such as WOSProfileMgrModule.dll and WOSWebDavModule.dll dereference that pointer without checking it, causing a process crash. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue affects only availability (CVSS 7.5).
Denial of service in MapServer 6.4.0 through 8.6.2 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the server by submitting a small well-formed SLD document via the WMS SLD_BODY= parameter. The flaw is a NULL pointer dereference reached when an SLD <Rule> carries <ElseFilter/> but defines no symbolizer, causing the styling code to index a class array at position -1. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the issue is fixed in version 8.6.3.
Denial of service in liquidjs (npm) versions before 10.26.0 arises from a quadratic-backtracking (ReDoS) regular expression in the default-registered strip_html filter, reachable from any template via {{ x | strip_html }}. A remote, unauthenticated attacker who submits a string containing many unbalanced <script, <style, or <!-- opener tokens (for example a single ~350 KB body) forces O(N^2) V8 regex backtracking that blocks the single-threaded Node.js event loop for roughly 10 seconds, stalling every other request on the worker. A proof-of-concept with measured scaling is published in the GitHub Security Advisory (GHSA-r7g9-xpmj-5fcq); the issue is not listed in CISA KEV and no EPSS score was provided.
Unbounded resource consumption in liquidjs's date filter allows remote attackers to trigger denial-of-service via crafted format strings. Affected versions up to 10.25.7 lack proper memory and CPU accounting when processing width specifiers, bypassing documented resource limits. A proof-of-concept exists, though no active exploitation has been confirmed at this time.
Remote denial of service in IBM Aspera High-Speed Transfer Endpoint and High-Speed Transfer Server (versions 3.7.4 through 4.4.7 Fix Pack 1) allows an unauthenticated network attacker to crash the asperahttpd service via a NULL pointer dereference. Exploitation requires no credentials and no user interaction, yielding a complete loss of availability for the affected transfer service. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue has no confidentiality or integrity impact.
Remote code execution and authentication bypass are possible in IBM Aspera High-Speed Transfer Server and High-Speed Transfer Endpoint (versions 3.7.4 through 4.4.7 Fix Pack 1) through a heap-based buffer overflow in the asperahttpd component. An unauthenticated network attacker can corrupt memory to crash the service (denial of service) and, in the worst case, hijack execution flow to run arbitrary code or bypass authentication. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and SSVC lists exploitation as none, but the CVSS 9.8 rating and 'Automatable: yes' assessment mark this as a high-priority patching target.
Denial of service in IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.9.0 lets a low-privileged, authenticated remote attacker drive uncontrolled resource consumption (CWE-400) to degrade or crash the service, with a high availability impact and a minor confidentiality exposure per the CVSS vector. The flaw is network-reachable, requires no user interaction, and needs only a low-privilege account. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, it is not listed in CISA KEV, and no EPSS score was supplied.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's amphion VPU media driver allows local privileged users to trigger a kernel panic and potential memory corruption due to a race condition between v4l2_m2m_ctx_release() and v4l2_m2m_try_run(). The flaw affects systems using the amphion video encode/decode driver (introduced in 5.18) and has been resolved upstream by removing reliance on the m2m framework's job scheduling. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low (0.02%), but the local high-impact CVSS of 7.8 makes it relevant for multi-tenant or hardened kernel deployments.
Denial of service in the Linux kernel's libceph subsystem allows remote attackers to crash the kernel via a malformed CEPH_MSG_AUTH_REPLY message containing zero values for both protocol and result fields. The flaw resides in ceph_handle_auth_reply() where a missing validation causes ac->ops to be set to NULL before being dereferenced. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is extremely low (0.02%), but the network attack vector with no authentication and high availability impact warrants prompt patching on Ceph-enabled systems.
Out-of-bounds memory access in the Linux kernel's DAMON (Data Access MONitor) subsystem allows privileged local users to crash the kernel by supplying arbitrary node IDs to damos_quota_goal via DAMON_SYSFS. Affecting Linux 6.16 and fixed in 6.18.27, 7.0.4, and 7.1-rc1, the flaw stems from missing validation before si_meminfo_node()/NODE_DATA() lookups and is reproducible with the upstream 'damo' user-space tool. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS is very low at 0.02%.
Local privilege escalation and denial of service in the Linux kernel's AMD XDNA (amdxdna) accelerator driver allows authenticated local users to trigger a use-after-free condition by submitting jobs to a hardware context concurrently with resource release. The flaw affects kernels in the 6.14.9 through 6.15 series and was resolved upstream by stopping job scheduling around aie2_release_resource() and validating context state in aie2_sched_job_run(). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS scoring (0.02%) indicates negligible near-term exploitation probability.
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel bonding driver's Adaptive Load Balancing (ALB) subsystem allows a local low-privileged user to crash the kernel by racing rlb_arp_recv() against rlb_deinitialize() during rapid bond interface up/down cycling. Specifically, the RX handler continues to dereference rx_hashtbl entries after rlb_deinitialize() frees them, because recv_probe is set to NULL without first draining in-flight softirq handlers via synchronize_net(). Systems running bonded NICs in ALB mode (mode=6) on affected kernel versions - including Dell PowerEdge hardware and Canonical-distributed kernels - are at risk of kernel panic. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS at 0.02% (7th percentile) confirms no observed mass exploitation.
Local privilege escalation or denial-of-service in the Linux kernel's AMD CCP (Cryptographic Coprocessor) driver stems from a misuse of the __cleanup(kfree) attribute on a local pointer, causing kfree() to be invoked with the address of a stack variable rather than the heap allocation returned by kmalloc. The resulting invalid deallocation of a stack address crashes the kernel and could be leveraged by a low-privileged local user for impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 7.8). EPSS is very low (0.02%) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but vendor patches are available in stable trees 6.18.14 and 6.19.4.
Local privilege escalation and kernel memory corruption in the Linux kernel's Exynos DRM (drm/exynos) vidi driver allows a low-privileged local user to access arbitrary kernel memory by exploiting an unsafe user pointer dereference in vidi_connection_ioctl(). The flaw affects multiple kernel branches up to 6.18.14 and is fixed in stable releases 5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.167, 6.6.130, 6.12.77, 6.18.14, 6.19.4, and 7.0. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 7th percentile).
Denial of service in the Linux kernel's RCU (Read-Copy-Update) subsystem allows a local condition to trigger an infinite recursion deadloop in rcu_read_unlock_special() when ftrace is enabled, leading to kernel hang or crash. The flaw stems from a missing recursion-protection flag when raise_softirq_irqoff() is invoked from the RCU unlock path, causing repeated re-entry through the softirq/trace stack. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS rates exploitation probability at 0.02%.
Local privilege escalation and memory corruption in the Linux kernel's Exynos DRM VIDI (Virtual Display) driver allows local users with access to the DRM device to trigger null pointer dereferences, garbage value accesses, out-of-bounds reads, or use-after-free conditions via the vidi_connection_ioctl() handler. The flaw stems from an incorrect device-to-context lookup that retrieves driver_data from the exynos-drm master device instead of the VIDI component device. A vendor patch is available across multiple stable branches, no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS rates exploitation probability at only 0.02%.