Cross-Site Request Forgery
Cross-Site Request Forgery exploits the automatic credential inclusion behavior of web browsers.
How It Works
Cross-Site Request Forgery exploits the automatic credential inclusion behavior of web browsers. When a user authenticates to a web application, the browser stores session cookies that are automatically attached to every subsequent request to that domain—regardless of which website initiated the request. An attacker leverages this by crafting a malicious webpage containing requests to a target application, such as hidden forms that auto-submit on page load or images with URLs triggering state-changing actions.
The attack succeeds when the victim, while authenticated to the target application, visits the attacker's page. The browser dutifully includes the victim's session cookies with the forged request, making it appear legitimate to the server. The target application executes the action as if the authenticated user intentionally initiated it.
Common attack vectors include hidden HTML forms with auto-submit JavaScript, malicious image tags where the src attribute points to an action URL, and links embedded in phishing emails. The key requirement is that request parameters must be predictable—if the attacker can construct the entire request without knowing any secret values, the attack will succeed.
Impact
- Account takeover: Password or email address changes, locking out legitimate users
- Financial fraud: Unauthorized fund transfers, purchases, or subscription modifications
- Privilege escalation: Creation of admin accounts or modification of user roles
- Data manipulation: Deletion of records, modification of settings, or content publishing
- Social engineering amplification: Forced social media posts or message sending to spread malware
Real-World Examples
Banking applications have been frequent CSRF targets, with attackers creating malicious pages that automatically initiate wire transfers when visited by authenticated customers. One notable case involved a router configuration vulnerability where attackers embedded requests in forum posts to silently change DNS settings on victims' home routers, redirecting traffic through malicious servers.
YouTube suffered a CSRF vulnerability that allowed attackers to perform actions like adding videos to favorites or subscribing to channels on behalf of authenticated users by embedding malicious requests in external websites. The attack demonstrated how CSRF can manipulate social features at scale.
Content management systems have historically been vulnerable, with attacks forcing authenticated administrators to create new admin accounts or install malicious plugins simply by visiting attacker-controlled pages while logged into the CMS backend.
Mitigation
- Synchronizer tokens: Generate unpredictable, per-session or per-request tokens that must accompany state-changing requests
- SameSite cookie attribute: Set to
StrictorLaxto prevent cookies from being sent with cross-origin requests - Double-submit cookies: Require a cookie value to match a request parameter, making cross-origin forgery impossible
- Custom request headers: Use JavaScript to add headers that cross-origin requests cannot set
- Re-authentication: Require password confirmation for sensitive actions like email or password changes
- Referer validation: Verify the request originated from your domain (less reliable, can be bypassed)
Recent CVEs (8742)
WordPress Login Page Editor plugin through version 1.2 lacks CSRF protections on its AJAX settings handler, allowing attackers to modify login page configuration by tricking administrators into visiting malicious links. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this to alter plugin settings without direct authorization, potentially affecting site security or functionality. No patch is currently available.
Set Bulk Post Categories (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
The Star Review Manager WordPress plugin through version 1.2.2 lacks CSRF protections on its settings page, allowing unauthenticated attackers to modify CSS settings by tricking administrators into clicking a malicious link. Site administrators are at risk of unwanted plugin configuration changes that could alter site appearance or functionality. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
The ZT Captcha plugin for WordPress through version 1.0.4 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability due to insufficient nonce validation that can be bypassed with an empty token. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this to modify plugin settings by tricking an administrator into clicking a malicious link. No patch is currently available.
The Alex User Counter WordPress plugin through version 6.0 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability in its settings function due to missing nonce validation, allowing unauthenticated attackers to modify plugin configuration if they can socially engineer site administrators into clicking a malicious link. The vulnerability has a low barrier to exploitation since it requires only network access and user interaction, though it cannot directly compromise confidentiality or availability. No patch is currently available for this issue.
WP Youtube Video Gallery (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
Simple Crypto Shortcodes (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
marynixie Related Posts Thumbnails Plugin for WordPress related-posts-thumbnails is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.7).
GeoDirectory versions before 2.8.150 are vulnerable to cross-site request forgery attacks that could allow an attacker to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users. The vulnerability requires user interaction to exploit and can result in integrity violations, though no patch is currently available.
John James Jacoby WP Term Order wp-term-order is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
Timur Kamaev Kama Thumbnail kama-thumbnail is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
The Merge + Minify + Refresh WordPress plugin through version 2.14 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users. An attacker can craft malicious requests to trick site administrators into executing unintended operations, potentially compromising website functionality or configuration. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Metagauss RegistrationMagic custom-registration-form-builder-with-submission-manager is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 5.4).
storeapps Stock Manager for WooCommerce woocommerce-stock-manager is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 5.4).
teachPress through version 9.0.12 is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks that enable unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users. The vulnerability requires user interaction and can result in data integrity compromise or service disruption, though confidentiality is not affected. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
richardevcom Add Polylang support for Customizer add-polylang-support-for-customizer is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
Mikado-Themes PawFriends - Pet Shop and Veterinary WordPress Theme pawfriends is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 5.4).
SearchAzon versions 1.4 and earlier are vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks that allow unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of users. The vulnerability requires user interaction and has limited impact, restricted to integrity violations without affecting confidentiality or availability. No patch is currently available for this issue.
AA-Team Wordpress Movies Bulk Importer movies importer is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
Online Course Registration versions up to 3.1 is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 6.5).
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Angel Costa WP SEO Search wp-seo-search allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects WP SEO Search: from n/a through <= 1.1. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
bdthemes Element Pack Elementor Addons bdthemes-element-pack-lite is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 8.8).
Horilla HRMS version 1.4.0 contains insufficient input validation in its XSS prevention function, allowing attackers to bypass protections through context-agnostic regex patterns. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, enabling attackers to redirect users to malicious sites, execute arbitrary JavaScript, and steal CSRF tokens for use in admin-targeted attacks. The vulnerability affects Horilla 1.4.0 and has been patched in version 1.5.0.
GetSimple CMS Custom JS 0.1 plugin contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject arbitrary client-side code into administrator browsers. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]
GetSimple CMS My SMTP Contact Plugin 1.1.1 contains a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability. Attackers can craft a malicious webpage that, when visited by an authenticated administrator, can change SMTP configuration settings in the plugin. [CVSS 6.5 MEDIUM]
IBM ApplinX 11.1 is vulnerable to cross-site request forgery which could allow an attacker to execute malicious and unauthorized actions transmitted from a user that the website trusts. [CVSS 3.5 LOW]
The Newsletter WordPress plugin through version 9.1.0 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability in the hook_newsletter_action() function due to insufficient nonce validation, allowing unauthenticated attackers to unsubscribe legitimate users if they can trick a logged-in administrator into clicking a malicious link. This attack requires user interaction but poses a direct integrity risk to newsletter subscriber lists. No patch is currently available.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in Birkir Prime through version 0.4.0.beta.0 allows remote attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users through malicious web requests. Public exploit code is available for this vulnerability, increasing the risk of active exploitation. No patch has been released as of this advisory.
Cross-site request forgery in Mpay up to version 1.2.4 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to perform unauthorized actions via a crafted request. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available, leaving affected systems exposed to attack.
Patients Waiting Area Queue Management System versions up to 1.0 is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
PHPGurukul News Portal 1.0 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users through crafted requests. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, increasing the risk of active exploitation. The flaw affects the integrity of user actions but does not compromise confidentiality or availability.
Kimai versions prior to 2.46.0 contain an overly permissive Twig sandbox configuration in the export functionality that allows authenticated users with export permissions to execute arbitrary method calls and extract sensitive data such as environment variables, password hashes, and session tokens. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability. The issue is resolved in version 2.46.0 and later.
Ubee EVW327 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to enable remote access without user interaction. Attackers can craft a malicious webpage that automatically submits a form to change router remote access settings to port 8080 without the user's consent. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]
LEAV Last Email Address Validator (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
b2evolution 7.2.2 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to modify admin account details without authentication. Attackers can craft a malicious HTML form to submit unauthorized changes to user profiles by tricking victims into loading a specially crafted webpage. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]
Arunna 1.0.0 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to manipulate user profile settings without authentication. [CVSS 6.5 MEDIUM]
Stopwords for comments (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
SocialChamp with WordPress (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
The Sosh Share Buttons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.0. This is due to missing nonce validation on the 'admin_page_content' function. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
The DASHBOARD BUILDER - WordPress plugin for Charts and Graphs plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.7. This is due to missing nonce validation on the settings handler in dashboardbuilder-admin.php. [CVSS 7.1 HIGH]
The WPBlogSyn plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Prowise Reflect 1.0.9 exposes a WebSocket on port 8082 that accepts unauthenticated keyboard injection commands. Malicious web pages can type keystrokes and open applications on the display device. PoC available.
SAP Fiori App Intercompany Balance Reconciliation an attacker is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
PILOS (Platform for Interactive Live-Online Seminars) is a frontend for BigBlueButton. Prior to 4.10.0, Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability exists in an administrative API endpoint responsible for terminating all active video conferences on a single server. [CVSS 2.4 LOW]
A CSRF issue in index.php in QloApps hotel eCommerce 1.5.1 allows an attacker to change the admin's email address via a crafted HTML document. [CVSS 5.4 MEDIUM]
Stored XSS in Label Studio's custom_hotkeys feature allows authenticated attackers to inject malicious JavaScript that executes in other users' browsers, potentially enabling API token theft and account takeover due to insufficient CSRF protections. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability affecting Label Studio 1.22.0 and earlier. An attacker could abuse this to gain unauthorized API access or perform actions on behalf of compromised users.
The User Registration & Membership - Custom Registration Form Builder, Custom Login Form, User Profile, Content Restriction & Membership Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 4.4.8. [CVSS 5.4 MEDIUM]
React Router is a router for React. In @remix-run/server-runtime version prior to 2.17.3. [CVSS 6.5 MEDIUM]
The Clearfy Cache - WordPress optimization plugin, Minify HTML, CSS & JS, Defer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.4.0. This is due to missing nonce validation on the "wbcr_upm_change_flag" function. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Authlib is a Python library which builds OAuth and OpenID Connect servers. [CVSS 5.7 MEDIUM]
Print Shop Pro Webdesk versions up to 18.34 is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 6.8).
Leica Geosystems GR10/GR25/GR30/GR50 GNSS 4.30.063 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to perform administrative actions without request validation. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]
Bigfix Insights For Vulnerability Remediation versions up to 4.2 is affected by missing authentication for critical function (CVSS 2.9).
The Latest Tabs plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.5. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the settings update handler in admin-page.php. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Newsletter Email Subscribe (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
NS IE Compatibility Fixer (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
The AMP for WP - Accelerated Mobile Pages plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in versions up to, and including, 1.1.9. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Sticky Action Buttons (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
The Simcast plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the settingsPage function. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
The Mamurjor Employee Info plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This is due to missing nonce validation on multiple administrative functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to create, update, or delete employee records, departments, designations, salary grades, education records, and salary payments via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as cl...
HelpDesk contact form (WordPress plugin) is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 4.3).
The xShare plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.1. This is due to missing nonce validation on the 'xshare_plugin_reset()' function. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
The WP Status Notifier plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the settings update functionality. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
The MTCaptcha WordPress Plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 2.7.2. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the settings update functionality. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
The SVG Map Plugin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.0. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on multiple AJAX actions including 'save_data', 'delete_data', and 'add_popup'. [CVSS 6.1 MEDIUM]
iDS6 DSSPro Digital Signage System 6.2 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to perform administrative actions without request validation. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
All-Dynamics Software enlogic:show 2.0.2 contains a session fixation vulnerability that allows attackers to set a predefined PHP session identifier during the login process. [CVSS 5.3 MEDIUM]
Snapgear Sg560 Firmware versions up to 3.1.5 is affected by cross-site request forgery (csrf) (CVSS 5.3).
P5 FNIP-8x16A FNIP-4xSH 1.0.20 contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to perform administrative actions without user consent. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in ThimPress Thim Core allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects Thim Core: from n/a through 2.3.3. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Automattic WP Job Manager allows Cross Site Request Forgery.This issue affects WP Job Manager: from n/a through 2.0.0. [CVSS 5.4 MEDIUM]
WPBookit WordPre versions up to 1.0.7 contains a vulnerability that allows attackers to an unauthenticated attacker to delete any customer through a CSRF attack (CVSS 6.5).
A vulnerability was detected in PHPEMS up to 11.0. The impacted element is an unknown function. [CVSS 4.3 MEDIUM]
Reflected cross-site scripting via CSRF in the Themefy Bloggie WordPress theme (all versions through 2.0.8) lets a remote attacker execute arbitrary script in a victim's browser session by tricking an authenticated user into clicking a crafted link or visiting a malicious page. Because the CSRF weakness lets the request be forged without a valid anti-CSRF token, no attacker authentication is required, though victim interaction is. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and EPSS estimates exploitation probability at just 0.02% (5th percentile).
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in inkthemes WP Gmail SMTP plugin through version 1.0.7 allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated administrators without their knowledge or consent. The vulnerability affects the WordPress plugin across all versions up to and including 1.0.7, enabling attackers to potentially modify email configuration settings or other administrative functions via crafted web requests. No public exploit code has been identified at the time of analysis, and the EPSS score of 0.01% indicates minimal real-world exploitation likelihood despite the theoretical attack surface.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in the Co-marquage service-public.fr WordPress plugin up to version 0.5.77 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users by crafting malicious requests. The vulnerability lacks a CVSS score and shows minimal exploitation probability (0.01% EPSS), with no public exploit code or active exploitation indicators identified.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in Pardakht Delkhah WordPress plugin through version 3.0.0 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users by tricking them into visiting malicious pages. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 3.0.0, though no CVSS score or public exploit code has been published. This represents a low-probability exploitation risk (EPSS 0.01%) despite the attack vector being network-accessible, likely due to the social engineering requirement inherent to CSRF attacks.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in the Post Snippets WordPress plugin through version 4.0.11 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized administrative actions on vulnerable sites by tricking authenticated administrators into visiting malicious web pages. The vulnerability affects all versions up to and including 4.0.11, though no CVSS vector or EPSS exploitation probability above baseline has been assigned, suggesting limited real-world exploit infrastructure exists at this time.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Gmedia Photo Gallery WordPress plugin through version 1.25.0 allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users without their knowledge or consent. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft malicious web pages or emails that, when visited by a logged-in admin or user, execute unwanted operations such as modifying gallery settings, uploading images, or changing plugin configuration. The vulnerability has an extremely low exploitation probability (EPSS 0.02%, 5th percentile) but represents a class of attacks that can bypass user intent entirely when user awareness is low.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in the Robots.txt Rewrite WordPress plugin (versions up to 1.6.1) allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated administrators by tricking them into visiting a malicious webpage. The vulnerability affects the plugin's administrative functions and carries a low exploitation probability (EPSS 0.02%), with no public exploit code or active exploitation reported at time of analysis.
FormFacade WordPress plugin version 1.4.1 and earlier contains a cross-site request forgery vulnerability that allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users without their knowledge or consent. The vulnerability requires user interaction (clicking a malicious link) but can lead to modification of plugin settings or data depending on affected functionality. EPSS exploitation probability is low at 0.02%, and no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in MERGADO Mergado Pack WordPress plugin through version 4.2.1 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated administrators, such as modifying plugin settings or triggering unintended functionality, by tricking them into visiting a malicious webpage. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been reported; EPSS score of 0.02% reflects very low real-world exploitation likelihood.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in iNext Woo Pincode Checker WordPress plugin versions up to 2.3.1 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of site administrators or users. The plugin fails to implement proper nonce validation on sensitive operations, enabling an attacker to craft malicious web pages that, when visited by an authenticated user, execute unintended requests against the vulnerable plugin. This is a low-severity finding with an EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile), indicating minimal real-world exploitation probability despite the theoretical attack surface.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in Channelize.io Team Live Shopping & Shoppable Videos For WooCommerce plugin version 2.2.0 and earlier allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unwanted actions on behalf of authenticated users through forged requests. The vulnerability affects the WordPress plugin used to enable live shopping and shoppable video streams in WooCommerce stores. No public exploit code has been identified, and the EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low exploitation probability despite the CSRF attack vector.
Cross-site request forgery vulnerability in Appointify WordPress plugin versions up to 1.0.8 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users by crafting malicious requests. The vulnerability affects a WordPress plugin used for appointment scheduling, enabling attackers to manipulate plugin functionality without explicit user consent. With an EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile), exploitation likelihood is minimal despite the technical severity classification.
Cross-Site Request Forgery vulnerability in A WP Life Contact Form Widget plugin version 1.5.1 and earlier allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users by crafting malicious requests. The vulnerability lacks a CVSS score and public exploit code, but is assigned low exploitation probability (EPSS 0.02%) and categorized under CWE-352 (CSRF). No active exploitation has been reported.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in OpenHook WordPress plugin version 4.3.1 and earlier allows attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated users by tricking them into visiting malicious web pages. The vulnerability affects the popular thesis-openhook plugin and could enable unauthorized configuration changes or administrative actions without explicit user consent. With an EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) and no CVSS severity assigned, this represents a low probability of exploitation in practice, though CSRF vulnerabilities remain a concern in WordPress ecosystem plugins.
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) in Jayce53 EasyIndex WordPress plugin versions up to 1.1.1704 allows unauthenticated attackers to perform unauthorized actions on behalf of authenticated administrators by inducing them to visit malicious web pages. The vulnerability affects all versions from the earliest tracked through 1.1.1704. No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation has been identified; EPSS probability is minimal at 0.02% (5th percentile), suggesting low real-world exploitation likelihood despite the CSRF vector.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) in Everest Backup WordPress plugin versions ≤2.3.11 enables unauthenticated attackers to manipulate backup file paths via path traversal, potentially exposing sensitive files or altering backup integrity. The vulnerability requires user interaction (CVSS UI:R) and carries no authentication requirement (PR:N), allowing remote exploitation through social engineering. EPSS probability of 0.01% (1st percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation activity in the wild, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Despite CVSS 8.1 severity reflecting high confidentiality and integrity impact, real-world risk remains moderate given the user-interaction dependency and absence of active exploitation indicators.
Stored XSS vulnerability in Zoho ZeptoMail transmail WordPress plugin through version 3.3.1 can be triggered via Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), allowing unauthenticated attackers to inject malicious scripts that persist in the application and execute in the browsers of all users who access affected pages. The vulnerability affects the transmail plugin for Zoho Mail integration and carries low exploitation probability (EPSS 0.02%) despite the high-impact nature of stored XSS.
Quick Facts
- Typical Severity
- MEDIUM
- Category
- web
- Total CVEs
- 8742