Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
How It Works
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions. This overwrites whatever data or code exists there, corrupting program state and potentially giving attackers control over execution flow.
Stack-based overflows are the most common variant. When a function allocates a fixed-size buffer on the stack and then copies user-controlled input without proper bounds checking, attackers can overflow past the buffer to overwrite the function's return address. When the function completes, instead of returning to legitimate code, execution jumps to attacker-specified memory containing malicious shellcode. Heap-based overflows work differently—they corrupt heap metadata like chunk size fields or free list pointers, leading to arbitrary memory writes when the allocator processes the corrupted structures.
Modern exploitation bypasses defensive mechanisms through techniques like Return-Oriented Programming (ROP), which chains together existing code snippets to avoid non-executable memory protections. Attackers may also use heap spraying to reliably position shellcode at predictable addresses, defeating address randomization.
Impact
- Remote code execution — attacker gains ability to run arbitrary commands with the privileges of the vulnerable process
- Privilege escalation — exploiting kernel or setuid program overflows to gain root/SYSTEM access
- Denial of service — crashes and memory corruption that render systems unusable
- Information disclosure — reading sensitive data from adjacent memory regions that should be inaccessible
- Authentication bypass — overwriting security-critical variables like permission flags or user IDs
Real-World Examples
Fortinet FortiOS suffered a critical buffer overflow (CVE-2025-32756) that allowed unauthenticated remote attackers to execute code as root on firewalls and VPN gateways. Attackers actively exploited this to compromise enterprise network perimeters before patches were available.
The Slammer worm from 2003 exploited a stack overflow in Microsoft SQL Server, spreading to 75,000 hosts in ten minutes by sending a single malformed UDP packet that overwrote the return address with shellcode. No authentication was required.
OpenSSH historically contained a heap overflow in challenge-response authentication that allowed pre-authentication remote root compromise on Unix systems, demonstrating how memory corruption in privileged network services creates maximum impact scenarios.
Mitigation
- Memory-safe languages — Rust, Go, and modern managed languages prevent buffer overflows by design through automatic bounds checking
- Stack canaries — random values placed before return addresses that detect corruption before control transfer
- Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) — randomizes memory locations making exploitation less reliable
- Data Execution Prevention (DEP/NX) — marks memory regions as non-executable, preventing direct shellcode execution
- Bounds checking — validate input sizes before copying, use safe functions like
strncpyinstead ofstrcpy - Fuzzing and static analysis — automated testing to discover overflows before deployment
Recent CVEs (36841)
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 72.3%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 72.3%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 70.1%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 72.3%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 56.0%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 82.4%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the unique_service_name function in ssdp/ssdp_server.c in the SSDP parser in the portable SDK for UPnP Devices (aka libupnp, formerly the Intel SDK for UPnP devices). Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 88.6%.
Buffer overflow in Drive Control Program (DCP) in EMC AlphaStor 4.0 before build 814 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving a new device name. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Sysax Multi Server before 5.52, when HTTP is enabled, allows remote authenticated users with the create folder permission to execute arbitrary code via a crafted. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 63.8%.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
WebKit, as used in Apple iOS before 6.1, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption and application crash) via a crafted web site, a different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in Beijer ADP 6.5.0-180_R1967 and 6.5.1-186_R2942, and H-Designer 6.5.0 B180_R1967, allows local users to gain privileges by inserting a long string into a DLL file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9). No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the reader in CoolPDF 3.0.2.256 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a PDF document with a crafted stream. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 65.9%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Foxit Advanced PDF Editor 3 before 3.04 might allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted document containing instructions that reconstruct a certain. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in magentservice.exe in HP Diagnostics Server 8.x through 8.07 and 9.x through 9.21 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a malformed message packet. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 35.7% and no vendor patch available.
content/renderer/media/webrtc_audio_renderer.cc in Google Chrome before 24.0.1312.56 on Mac OS X does not use an appropriate buffer size for the 96 kHz sampling rate, which allows remote attackers to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The device does not properly validate the data being sent to the buffer. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 13.4% and no vendor patch available.
The device does not properly validate the data being sent to the buffer. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 13.4% and no vendor patch available.
The _bdf_parse_glyphs function in FreeType before 2.4.11 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds write and crash) via vectors related to BDF fonts and an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The _bdf_parse_glyphs function in FreeType before 2.4.11 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via vectors related to BDF fonts. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
FreeType before 2.4.11 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and crash) via vectors related to BDF fonts and the improper handling of an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the get_history function in history.cgi in Nagios Core before 3.4.4, and Icinga 1.6.x before 1.6.2, 1.7.x before 1.7.4, and 1.8.x before 1.8.4, might allow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 79.9%.
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the Near Field Communication Controller Interface (NCI) in the Linux kernel before 3.4.5 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in virt/kvm/irq_comm.c in the KVM subsystem in the Linux kernel before 3.2.24 allows local users to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via vectors. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9). No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in the macvtap device driver in the Linux kernel before 3.4.5, when running in certain configurations, allows privileged KVM guest users to cause a denial of service (crash) via a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.2). No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in a third-party ActiveX component in Siemens SIMATIC RF-MANAGER 2008, and RF-MANAGER Basic 3.0 and earlier, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted web site. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Schneider Electric Interactive Graphical SCADA System (IGSS) 10 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by sending TCP port-12397 data that does. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 61.4%.
Buffer overflow in nsrindexd in EMC NetWorker 7.5.x and 7.6.x before 7.6.5, and 8.x before 8.0.0.6, allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via crafted SunRPC data. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Unspecified vulnerability in the Oracle Outside In Technology component in Oracle Fusion Middleware 8.3.7 and 8.4 allows context-dependent attackers to affect availability via unknown vectors related. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Epss exploitation probability 25.1% and no vendor patch available.
Google Chrome before 24.0.1312.52 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via vectors involving glyphs. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Google Chrome before 24.0.1312.52 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via vectors related to printing. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Google Chrome before 24.0.1312.52 does not properly handle image data in PDF documents, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via a crafted document. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Google V8 before 3.14.5.3, as used in Google Chrome before 24.0.1312.52, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via crafted JavaScript code. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Google Chrome before 24.0.1312.52 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (out-of-bounds read) via vectors involving seek operations on video data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the gfxTextRun::ShrinkToLigatureBoundaries function in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.12 and 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 10.x. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the Canvas implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The nsSVGPathElement::GetPathLengthScale function in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.12 and 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 10.x before. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
Use-after-free vulnerability in the ~nsHTMLEditRules implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.12 and 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Use-after-free vulnerability in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.1, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allows remote. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Use-after-free vulnerability in the imgRequest::OnStopFrame function in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.12 and 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Use-after-free vulnerability in the mozilla::TrackUnionStream::EndTrack implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in the CharDistributionAnalysis::HandleOneChar function in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allows remote attackers to execute. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Buffer Copy without Size Check vulnerability could allow attackers to overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory.
Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.2, and SeaMonkey before 2.15 allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Integer overflow in the JavaScript implementation in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.12 and 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 10.x before. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.
Multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in the browser engine in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 17.x before 17.0.1, Thunderbird before 17.0.2, Thunderbird ESR 17.x before 17.0.1, and SeaMonkey. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
Use-after-free vulnerability in the TableBackgroundPainter::TableBackgroundData::Destroy function in Mozilla Firefox before 18.0, Firefox ESR 10.x before 10.0.12 and 17.x before 17.0.2, Thunderbird. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Epss exploitation probability 13.4%.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the scan_load_hosts function in ec_scan.c in Ettercap 0.7.5.1 and earlier might allow local users to gain privileges via a Trojan horse hosts list containing a long. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4). Public exploit code available.
Buffer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 10.3.183.50 and 11.x before 11.5.502.146 on Windows and Mac OS X, before 10.3.183.50 and 11.x before 11.2.202.261 on Linux, before 11.1.111.31 on Android. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 10.7%.
Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 19.1% and no vendor patch available.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 11.6% and no vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 19.1% and no vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 12.6%.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, related to a "logic error," a different. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 19.1% and no vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 19.1% and no vendor patch available.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 19.1% and no vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, a different. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 12.6%.
Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via unspecified. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 15.5%.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the XSLT engine in Adobe Reader and Acrobat 9.x before 9.5.3, 10.x before 10.1.5, and 11.x before 11.0.1 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 21.6%.
The Print Spooler in Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 and R2 SP1 and Windows 7 Gold and SP1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 36.3% and no vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in a System.DirectoryServices.Protocols (S.DS.P) namespace method in Microsoft .NET Framework 2.0 SP2, 3.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, and 4.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Epss exploitation probability 61.3% and no vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in the Windows Forms (aka WinForms) component in Microsoft .NET Framework 1.0 SP3, 1.1 SP1, 2.0 SP2, 3.0 SP2, 3.5, 3.5.1, 4, and 4.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Epss exploitation probability 61.2% and no vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in tif_dir.c in LibTIFF before 4.0.2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (crash) and possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted DOTRANGE tag in a TIFF. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Asterisk Open Source 1.8.x before 1.8.19.1, 10.x before 10.11.1, and 11.x before 11.1.2; Certified Asterisk 1.8.11 before 1.8.11-cert10; and Asterisk Digiumphones 10.x-digiumphones before. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the expand function in os/pl-glob.c in SWI-Prolog before 6.2.5 and 6.3.x before 6.3.7 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Multiple stack-based buffer overflows in the canoniseFileName function in os/pl-os.c in SWI-Prolog before 6.2.5 and 6.3.x before 6.3.7 allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Multiple stack consumption vulnerabilities in Asterisk Open Source 1.8.x before 1.8.19.1, 10.x before 10.11.1, and 11.x before 11.1.2; Certified Asterisk 1.8.11 before 1.8.11-cert10; and Asterisk. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 29.7% and no vendor patch available.
Multiple integer overflows in GNU Grep before 2.11 might allow context-dependent attackers to execute arbitrary code via vectors involving a long input line that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4). Public exploit code available.
Opera before 12.12 does not properly allocate memory for GIF images, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory overwrite) via a malformed image. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 31.3%.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Opera before 12.11 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a long HTTP response. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the Novell NCP implementation in NetIQ eDirectory 8.8.7.x before 8.8.7.2 allows remote attackers to have an unspecified impact via unknown vectors. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 85.2%.
Fetchmail 5.0.8 through 6.3.21, when using NTLM authentication in debug mode, allows remote NTLM servers to (1) cause a denial of service (crash and delayed delivery of inbound mail) via a crafted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.