Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
How It Works
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions. This overwrites whatever data or code exists there, corrupting program state and potentially giving attackers control over execution flow.
Stack-based overflows are the most common variant. When a function allocates a fixed-size buffer on the stack and then copies user-controlled input without proper bounds checking, attackers can overflow past the buffer to overwrite the function's return address. When the function completes, instead of returning to legitimate code, execution jumps to attacker-specified memory containing malicious shellcode. Heap-based overflows work differently—they corrupt heap metadata like chunk size fields or free list pointers, leading to arbitrary memory writes when the allocator processes the corrupted structures.
Modern exploitation bypasses defensive mechanisms through techniques like Return-Oriented Programming (ROP), which chains together existing code snippets to avoid non-executable memory protections. Attackers may also use heap spraying to reliably position shellcode at predictable addresses, defeating address randomization.
Impact
- Remote code execution — attacker gains ability to run arbitrary commands with the privileges of the vulnerable process
- Privilege escalation — exploiting kernel or setuid program overflows to gain root/SYSTEM access
- Denial of service — crashes and memory corruption that render systems unusable
- Information disclosure — reading sensitive data from adjacent memory regions that should be inaccessible
- Authentication bypass — overwriting security-critical variables like permission flags or user IDs
Real-World Examples
Fortinet FortiOS suffered a critical buffer overflow (CVE-2025-32756) that allowed unauthenticated remote attackers to execute code as root on firewalls and VPN gateways. Attackers actively exploited this to compromise enterprise network perimeters before patches were available.
The Slammer worm from 2003 exploited a stack overflow in Microsoft SQL Server, spreading to 75,000 hosts in ten minutes by sending a single malformed UDP packet that overwrote the return address with shellcode. No authentication was required.
OpenSSH historically contained a heap overflow in challenge-response authentication that allowed pre-authentication remote root compromise on Unix systems, demonstrating how memory corruption in privileged network services creates maximum impact scenarios.
Mitigation
- Memory-safe languages — Rust, Go, and modern managed languages prevent buffer overflows by design through automatic bounds checking
- Stack canaries — random values placed before return addresses that detect corruption before control transfer
- Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) — randomizes memory locations making exploitation less reliable
- Data Execution Prevention (DEP/NX) — marks memory regions as non-executable, preventing direct shellcode execution
- Bounds checking — validate input sizes before copying, use safe functions like
strncpyinstead ofstrcpy - Fuzzing and static analysis — automated testing to discover overflows before deployment
Recent CVEs (36677)
Out-of-bounds read in kernel mode driver for some Intel(R) Wireless Bluetooth(R) products on Windows* 10, may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Out of bounds write for some Intel(R) Graphics Drivers before version 15.33.50.5129 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Out of bounds read in some Intel(R) Graphics Drivers before versions 15.45.31.5127 and 15.40.45.5126 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the firmware for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based overflow for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer copy without checking size of input for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in a subsystem for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in subsystem for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in a subsystem for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in a verification process for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 2.45 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in the bootloader for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 2.45 may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in daemon for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer overflow in a daemon for some Intel(R) Server Boards, Server Systems and Compute Modules before version 1.59 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in GetNumSameData() in contrib/lips4/gdevlips.c of Artifex Software GhostScript from v9.18 to v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in lxm5700m_print_page() in devices/gdevlxm.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted eps file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in p_print_image() in devices/gdevcdj.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in pcx_write_rle() in contrib/japanese/gdev10v.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in image_render_color_thresh() in base/gxicolor.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.18 to v9.50 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted eps. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in jetp3852_print_page() in devices/gdev3852.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in okiibm_print_page1() in devices/gdevokii.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in tiff12_print_page() in devices/gdevtfnx.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in mj_color_correct() in contrib/japanese/gdevmjc.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in FloydSteinbergDitheringC() in contrib/gdevbjca.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.18 to v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in GetNumWrongData() in contrib/lips4/gdevlips.c of Artifex Software GhostScript from v9.18 to v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in epsc_print_page() in devices/gdevepsc.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in mj_raster_cmd() in contrib/japanese/gdevmjc.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in contrib/gdevdj9.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.18 to v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in jetp3852_print_page() in devices/gdev3852.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in cif_print_page() in devices/gdevcif.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in pj_common_print_page() in devices/gdevpjet.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer overflow vulnerability in lprn_is_black() in contrib/lips4/gdevlprn.c of Artifex Software GhostScript v9.50 allows a remote attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted PDF file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A buffer length validation vulnerability in Asylo versions prior to 0.6.0 allows an attacker to read data they should not have access to. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Buffer Copy without Size Check vulnerability could allow attackers to overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory.
Documalis Free PDF Editor version 5.7.2.26 and Documalis Free PDF Scanner version 5.7.2.122 do not appropriately validate the contents of JPEG images contained within a PDF. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in Qt through 5.12.9, and 5.13.x through 5.15.x before 5.15.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
An issue was discovered in ReadyTalk Avian 1.2.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
All versions of HoRNDIS are affected by an integer overflow in the RNDIS packet parsing routines. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In Dovecot before 2.3.11.3, sending a specially formatted RPA request will crash the auth service because a length of zero is mishandled. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In Dovecot before 2.3.11.3, sending a specially formatted NTLM request will crash the auth service because of an out-of-bounds read. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
There is a possible out of bounds read due to an incorrect bounds check.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-152225183. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In LoadPartitionTable of gpt.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a possible out of bounds read due to an incorrect bounds check.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-152647751. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-152647365. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a possible memory corruption due to a use after free.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-152236803. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is a possible out of bounds read due to an incorrect bounds check.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-152647626. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In NuPlayerStreamListener of NuPlayerStreamListener.cpp, there is possible memory corruption due to a double free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In NewFixedDoubleArray of factory.cc, there is a possible out of bounds write due to an integer overflow. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Mozilla developers and community members reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 78 and Firefox ESR 78.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
Firmware developed by Shenzhen Hichip Vision Technology (V6 through V20, after 2018-08-09 through 2020), as used by many different vendors in millions of Internet of Things devices, suffers from. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
DIGITUS DA-70254 4-Port Gigabit Network Hub 2.073.000.E0008 devices allow an attacker on the same network to denial-of-service the device via long input values. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Lindy 42633 4-Port USB 2.0 Gigabit Network Server 2.078.000 devices allow an attacker on the same network to denial-of-service the device via long input values. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
TP-Link USB Network Server TL-PS310U devices before 2.079.000.t0210 allow an attacker on the same network to denial-of-service the device via long input values. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in PassMark BurnInTest through 9.1, OSForensics through 7.1, and PerformanceTest through 10. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Apache HTTP server 2.4.32 to 2.4.44 mod_proxy_uwsgi info disclosure and possible RCE. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Delta Electronics TPEditor Versions 1.97 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Delta Electronics TPEditor Versions 1.97 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Delta Electronics TPEditor Versions 1.97 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Advantech WebAccess HMI Designer, Versions 2.1.9.31 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Advantech WebAccess HMI Designer, Versions 2.1.9.31 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Advantech WebAccess HMI Designer, Versions 2.1.9.31 and prior. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Advantech WebAccess HMI Designer, Versions 2.1.9.31 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Denial-of-Service (DoS) in Ivanti Service Manager HEAT Remote Control 7.4 due to a buffer overflow in the protocol parser of the ‘HEATRemoteService’ agent. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An integer overflow leading to a heap-buffer overflow was found in The X Input Method (XIM) client was implemented in libX11 before version 1.6.10. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
ActiveMediaServer.exe in ACTi NVR3 Standard Server 3.0.12.42 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger a buffer overflow and application termination via a malformed payload. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Delta Industrial Automation CNCSoft ScreenEditor, Versions 1.01.23 and prior. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Delta Industrial Automation CNCSoft ScreenEditor, Versions 1.01.23 and prior. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
DaviewIndy has a Memory corruption vulnerability, triggered when the user opens a malformed image file that is mishandled by Daview.exe. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a memory corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a memory corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook 9.2.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a memory corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a memory corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook 9.2.1 and 9.2.2 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a memory corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook 9.2.1 could allow a local attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by a memory corruption. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is an issue with grub2 before version 2.06 while handling symlink on ext filesystems. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There is an issue on grub2 before version 2.06 at function read_section_as_string(). Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in Cisco SD-WAN Solution Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a buffer overflow on an affected device. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
DaviewIndy 8.98.4 and earlier version contain Heap-based overflow vulnerability, triggered when the user opens a malformed specific file that is mishandled by Daview.exe. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
DaviewIndy 8.98.4 and earlier version contain Heap-based overflow vulnerability, triggered when the user opens a malformed specific file that is mishandled by Daview.exe. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
There's an issue with grub2 in all versions before 2.06 when handling squashfs filesystems containing a symbolic link with name length of UINT32 bytes in size. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in grub2, prior to version 2.06. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check and could lead to local information disclosure in the wifi driver with no additional execution privileges needed in Snapdragon Auto,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
Possible out of bound access while processing assoc response from host due to improper length check before copying into buffer in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Consumer Electronics. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Buffer Copy without Size Check vulnerability could allow attackers to overflow a buffer to corrupt adjacent memory.
Possible buffer overflow while parsing mp4 clip with corrupted sample atoms due to improper validation of index in Snapdragon Auto, Snapdragon Compute, Snapdragon Connectivity, Snapdragon Consumer. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Global TechStream (GTS) for TOYOTA dealers version 15.10.032 and earlier allows an attacker to cause a denial-of-service (DoS) condition and execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In grub2 versions before 2.06 the grub memory allocator doesn't check for possible arithmetic overflows on the requested allocation size. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.4). No vendor patch available.
Integer overflows were discovered in the functions grub_cmd_initrd and grub_initrd_init in the efilinux component of GRUB2, as shipped in Debian, Red Hat, and Ubuntu (the functionality is not. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.4). Public exploit code available.
An issue was discovered in the client side of Zoho ManageEngine Desktop Central 10.0.552.W. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An exploitable denial of service vulnerability exists in the freeDiameter functionality of freeDiameter 1.3.2. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR R6700 V1.0.4.84_10.0.58 routers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass authentication on affected installations of NETGEAR R6700 V1.0.4.84_10.0.58 routers. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of NETGEAR R6700 V1.0.4.84_10.0.58 routers. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.