Windows Server 2012
Monthly
Windows Shell path traversal vulnerability affecting Windows 10 21H2, Windows Server 2016, 2019, and 2022 allows an attacker with physical access to spoof system resources without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability has no patch available and poses a confidentiality risk through unauthorized information disclosure.
Windows Server 2008 versions up to - is affected by use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm (CVSS 5.5).
Windows Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Windows 7 through Windows 11 24H2 and Windows Server 2008-2019, enabling information disclosure through physical access to an affected system. An attacker with direct hardware access can exploit this flaw to read sensitive data from memory, though no patch is currently available. The attack requires physical presence and does not provide code execution or availability impact.
Windows Remote Assistance contains a protection mechanism bypass that allows local attackers to circumvent a security feature without user interaction, affecting Windows 11 24h2, Windows Server 2012, 2022, and 2025. The vulnerability requires local access and user interaction to exploit, with potential impact limited to information disclosure. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity issue.
Windows RPC implementation leaks sensitive information to local attackers on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022. An unauthenticated local attacker can exploit this information disclosure vulnerability without user interaction to access confidential data. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.
Remote code execution in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to achieve code execution on affected hosts, but only where the optional RRAS role is installed and enabled and a user is induced to connect to an attacker-controlled routing or VPN endpoint (UI:R). The flaw is an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) in a service that normally runs with high privilege, and it affects Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2), and Windows Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025. EPSS is 1.32% (70th percentile) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has published a security update and third-party detection and mitigation scripts are available, but the non-default nature of the RRAS role and the mandatory user interaction keep exposure limited.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Remote Access Connection Manager (RasMan) allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to gain SYSTEM-level access on affected Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server systems (2008 R2 through 2025). The flaw is an improper access control (CWE-284) issue reachable by local code, requiring no user interaction; exploitation is limited to post-compromise escalation from a standard user to SYSTEM. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is low (0.37%, 28th percentile).
Information disclosure in Microsoft's Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a buffer over-read that leaks memory contents over the network. The exposed population is narrow: exploitation requires the optional RRAS role to be enabled (it is not installed by default on Windows 10/11 or Windows Server SKUs), and the assessed vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) indicates victim-side interaction is needed rather than a fully passive server-side hit. Impact is confined to confidentiality (C:H with I:N/A:N - no code execution, tampering, or denial of service), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis (EPSS 1.08%, roughly the 64th percentile), making this a moderate, non-urgent issue.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Remote Access Connection Manager (RasMan) permits an authenticated low-privileged attacker to execute code with SYSTEM privileges via a use-after-free (CWE-416) or uninitialized resource memory corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server versions, including Windows 10, Windows 11, and multiple Windows Server editions, though no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis (EPSS 2.2%, 82nd percentile). Exploitation requires the attacker to already have local interactive or programmatic access and does not require user interaction.
A heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) kernel-mode driver lets a local, authenticated attacker with low privileges (CVSS vector PR:L/AV:L) corrupt kernel memory and elevate to higher integrity, including SYSTEM, with no user interaction required (UI:N, AC:L). Every affected Windows build - Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025 - ships the vulnerable driver by default, so the only gate is an existing local foothold rather than any non-default configuration. Exploitation is local-only with no network path; EPSS is 0.51% (41st percentile), no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, so the independent assessment rates this as moderate rather than urgent priority.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service allows an authenticated attacker who already holds a low-privileged code-execution foothold on a Windows host to trigger a null pointer dereference in the service and escalate to higher privileges, rated CVSS 7.8 HIGH (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Every affected build - Windows 10 1607, 1809, 21H2 and 22H2, Windows 11 23H2, 24H2 and 25H2, plus the listed Windows Server releases including Server 2008 SP2 x64 - includes the CSC/Offline Files component by default, so no non-default configuration is required for exploitation. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not in CISA KEV; EPSS is 0.40% (32nd percentile), consistent with a post-compromise escalation primitive rather than a remotely reachable threat.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Win32K GRFX kernel component allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to elevate privileges to SYSTEM on affected hosts. Impacted platforms include Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 23H2, and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 through 2012 R2 as well as Server 2016/2019/2022 per vendor tagging. Exploitation requires an existing local foothold as a standard user (AV:L, PR:L, UI:N) and yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact at CVSS 3.1 base 7.8 (HIGH); EPSS is 0.66% (49th percentile) and no public exploit or CISA KEV entry has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) lets a low-privileged, authenticated user who can already log on to a host run crafted input against the MSMQ service and elevate to SYSTEM-level privileges (CVSS 3.1 base 7.8, AV:L/PR:L/UI:N, C:H/I:H/A:H). The exposure is limited by configuration: MSMQ is an optional Windows component that is not installed or enabled by default, so only hosts that have deliberately deployed the queue service are affected, and the flaw is not remotely exploitable on its own - it is a post-foothold escalation step that requires an existing local session. Affected platforms include Windows 10 1607, 1809, 21H2 and 22H2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2016 and 2019; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and Microsoft's MSRC update guide entry is the authoritative remediation source. Overall this is a genuine but not top-tier priority: high impact if MSMQ is deployed, but gated behind local authenticated access and a non-default component.
Command injection in Windows PowerShell (CVE-2025-54100) lets an attacker execute arbitrary code in a victim's user context when that user opens or runs attacker-supplied content within the shell. The flaw is rated 7.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) - it requires local access plus user interaction, not network reachability, so an attacker must first deliver a malicious script, file, or command and persuade the victim to execute it. It affects PowerShell as shipped by default across Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 25H2), and Windows Server 2008 SP2 through 2025. EPSS is a modest 2.23% (82nd percentile), there is no confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, making this actionable but not emergency-tier.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows TDX.sys allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows OLE allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Missing cryptographic step in Windows Kerberos allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows Remote Desktop allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper privilege management in Microsoft Streaming Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to deny service locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows DirectX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Double free in Windows Smart Card allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows File Explorer allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SMB Server might be susceptible to relay attacks depending on the configuration. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Protection mechanism failure in Windows MapUrlToZone allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows BitLocker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows BitLocker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). No vendor patch available.
Local Security Authority Subsystem Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper resolution of path equivalence in Windows MapUrlToZone allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows SMBv3 Client allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Generation of error message containing sensitive information in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Imaging Component allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Storage allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows MBT Transport driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows GDI+ allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Numeric truncation error in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Remote Desktop Services allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 10.2% and no vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Null pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Desktop Windows Manager allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Null pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Windows Shell path traversal vulnerability affecting Windows 10 21H2, Windows Server 2016, 2019, and 2022 allows an attacker with physical access to spoof system resources without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability has no patch available and poses a confidentiality risk through unauthorized information disclosure.
Windows Server 2008 versions up to - is affected by use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm (CVSS 5.5).
Windows Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Windows 7 through Windows 11 24H2 and Windows Server 2008-2019, enabling information disclosure through physical access to an affected system. An attacker with direct hardware access can exploit this flaw to read sensitive data from memory, though no patch is currently available. The attack requires physical presence and does not provide code execution or availability impact.
Windows Remote Assistance contains a protection mechanism bypass that allows local attackers to circumvent a security feature without user interaction, affecting Windows 11 24h2, Windows Server 2012, 2022, and 2025. The vulnerability requires local access and user interaction to exploit, with potential impact limited to information disclosure. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity issue.
Windows RPC implementation leaks sensitive information to local attackers on Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022. An unauthenticated local attacker can exploit this information disclosure vulnerability without user interaction to access confidential data. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability.
Remote code execution in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to achieve code execution on affected hosts, but only where the optional RRAS role is installed and enabled and a user is induced to connect to an attacker-controlled routing or VPN endpoint (UI:R). The flaw is an untrusted pointer dereference (CWE-822) in a service that normally runs with high privilege, and it affects Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2), and Windows Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025. EPSS is 1.32% (70th percentile) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has published a security update and third-party detection and mitigation scripts are available, but the non-default nature of the RRAS role and the mandatory user interaction keep exposure limited.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Remote Access Connection Manager (RasMan) allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to gain SYSTEM-level access on affected Windows 10, 11, and Windows Server systems (2008 R2 through 2025). The flaw is an improper access control (CWE-284) issue reachable by local code, requiring no user interaction; exploitation is limited to post-compromise escalation from a standard user to SYSTEM. No public exploit was identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is low (0.37%, 28th percentile).
Information disclosure in Microsoft's Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a buffer over-read that leaks memory contents over the network. The exposed population is narrow: exploitation requires the optional RRAS role to be enabled (it is not installed by default on Windows 10/11 or Windows Server SKUs), and the assessed vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) indicates victim-side interaction is needed rather than a fully passive server-side hit. Impact is confined to confidentiality (C:H with I:N/A:N - no code execution, tampering, or denial of service), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis (EPSS 1.08%, roughly the 64th percentile), making this a moderate, non-urgent issue.
Local privilege escalation in Windows Remote Access Connection Manager (RasMan) permits an authenticated low-privileged attacker to execute code with SYSTEM privileges via a use-after-free (CWE-416) or uninitialized resource memory corruption condition. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server versions, including Windows 10, Windows 11, and multiple Windows Server editions, though no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis (EPSS 2.2%, 82nd percentile). Exploitation requires the attacker to already have local interactive or programmatic access and does not require user interaction.
A heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Common Log File System (CLFS) kernel-mode driver lets a local, authenticated attacker with low privileges (CVSS vector PR:L/AV:L) corrupt kernel memory and elevate to higher integrity, including SYSTEM, with no user interaction required (UI:N, AC:L). Every affected Windows build - Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 25H2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2 through Server 2025 - ships the vulnerable driver by default, so the only gate is an existing local foothold rather than any non-default configuration. Exploitation is local-only with no network path; EPSS is 0.51% (41st percentile), no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the CVE is not in CISA KEV, so the independent assessment rates this as moderate rather than urgent priority.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service allows an authenticated attacker who already holds a low-privileged code-execution foothold on a Windows host to trigger a null pointer dereference in the service and escalate to higher privileges, rated CVSS 7.8 HIGH (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H). Every affected build - Windows 10 1607, 1809, 21H2 and 22H2, Windows 11 23H2, 24H2 and 25H2, plus the listed Windows Server releases including Server 2008 SP2 x64 - includes the CSC/Offline Files component by default, so no non-default configuration is required for exploitation. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not in CISA KEV; EPSS is 0.40% (32nd percentile), consistent with a post-compromise escalation primitive rather than a remotely reachable threat.
Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Win32K GRFX kernel component allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to elevate privileges to SYSTEM on affected hosts. Impacted platforms include Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 23H2, and Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1 through 2012 R2 as well as Server 2016/2019/2022 per vendor tagging. Exploitation requires an existing local foothold as a standard user (AV:L, PR:L, UI:N) and yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact at CVSS 3.1 base 7.8 (HIGH); EPSS is 0.66% (49th percentile) and no public exploit or CISA KEV entry has been identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) lets a low-privileged, authenticated user who can already log on to a host run crafted input against the MSMQ service and elevate to SYSTEM-level privileges (CVSS 3.1 base 7.8, AV:L/PR:L/UI:N, C:H/I:H/A:H). The exposure is limited by configuration: MSMQ is an optional Windows component that is not installed or enabled by default, so only hosts that have deliberately deployed the queue service are affected, and the flaw is not remotely exploitable on its own - it is a post-foothold escalation step that requires an existing local session. Affected platforms include Windows 10 1607, 1809, 21H2 and 22H2 and Windows Server 2008 SP2, 2008 R2 SP1, 2012, 2016 and 2019; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and Microsoft's MSRC update guide entry is the authoritative remediation source. Overall this is a genuine but not top-tier priority: high impact if MSMQ is deployed, but gated behind local authenticated access and a non-default component.
Command injection in Windows PowerShell (CVE-2025-54100) lets an attacker execute arbitrary code in a victim's user context when that user opens or runs attacker-supplied content within the shell. The flaw is rated 7.8 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) - it requires local access plus user interaction, not network reachability, so an attacker must first deliver a malicious script, file, or command and persuade the victim to execute it. It affects PowerShell as shipped by default across Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2 through 25H2), and Windows Server 2008 SP2 through 2025. EPSS is a modest 2.23% (82nd percentile), there is no confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, making this actionable but not emergency-tier.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows TDX.sys allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows OLE allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Common Log File System Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Windows Client-Side Caching (CSC) Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Missing cryptographic step in Windows Kerberos allows an unauthorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows Remote Desktop allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper privilege management in Microsoft Streaming Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper link resolution before file access ('link following') in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to deny service locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows DirectX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Double free in Windows Smart Card allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows File Explorer allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SMB Server might be susceptible to relay attacks depending on the configuration. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Graphics Kernel allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Protection mechanism failure in Windows MapUrlToZone allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows BitLocker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows BitLocker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows SPNEGO Extended Negotiation allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8). No vendor patch available.
Local Security Authority Subsystem Service Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper resolution of path equivalence in Windows MapUrlToZone allows an unauthorized attacker to bypass a security feature over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows SMBv3 Client allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows TCP/IP allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Defender Firewall Service allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Generation of error message containing sensitive information in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Imaging Component allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Buffer over-read in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Storage allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Untrusted pointer dereference in Windows MBT Transport driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authentication in Windows NTLM allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows GDI+ allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Numeric truncation error in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Remote Desktop Services allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Epss exploitation probability 10.2% and no vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Null pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Desktop Windows Manager allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Heap-based buffer overflow in Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use after free in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Null pointer dereference in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.