Red Hat

Memory leak in the Airoha QDMA RX packet processing function allows local authenticated attackers to cause a denial of service through resource exhaustion. The vulnerability occurs when page pool fragments fail to properly return to the pool during error handling in airoha_qdma_rx_process(), allowing an attacker with local access and low privileges to exhaust kernel memory and crash the system. EPSS exploitation probability is extremely low at 0.02%, reflecting the local-only attack vector and privilege requirement.

NULL pointer dereferences in Linux kernel's IPv6 IOAM (In-situ Operations, Administration, and Maintenance) trace data handling cause denial of service when network packets trigger the vulnerable code path. Affects Linux kernel 5.15 through 6.19.14 and mainline branches. Despite CVSS 7.5 High severity with network vector and no authentication, EPSS exploitation probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile), and no active exploitation or public POC is identified at time of analysis. Vendor patches available via stable kernel commits.

Null pointer dereference in Linux kernel bridge VLAN filtering code allows local authenticated attackers to trigger a denial of service via a crafted RTM_NEWLINK netlink message with BR_BOOLOPT_FDB_LOCAL_VLAN_0 flag when CONFIG_BRIDGE_VLAN_FILTERING is disabled. The vulnerability occurs because br_fdb_delete_locals_per_vlan_port() and br_fdb_insert_locals_per_vlan_port() dereference a NULL vlan group pointer without validation, causing a kernel panic. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Double-free vulnerability in the Linux kernel PCI Hyper-V driver allows local authenticated users to trigger kernel memory corruption and potentially escalate privileges. The flaw occurs in hv_pci_probe() error handling where ida_free() is called twice on the same domain number, leading to memory allocator corruption. Patches released in kernel 6.19.14 and 7.0 fix the issue by removing the redundant ida_free call. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low exploitation probability in the wild, and no public exploit or KEV listing identified at time of analysis.

Infinite vCPU fault loop in the Linux kernel's mshv (Microsoft Hypervisor) subsystem allows a local guest VM process to permanently spin a host vCPU thread, exhausting host CPU resources. The flaw exists in mshv_handle_gpa_intercept(), which unconditionally attempts page remaps on all movable-memory faults regardless of access permission - when a guest writes to a read-only Guest Physical Address region, the remap succeeds but the region retains its read-only designation, causing an immediate re-fault in a tight loop. Affected kernel versions run from commit b9a66cd5ccbb9fade15d0e427e19470d8ad35b75 through the fix commits; patched releases 6.19.14 and 7.0 are available. No public exploit has been identified and EPSS is 0.01%, consistent with the local, hypervisor-specific attack surface.

Linux kernel ASoC SDCA subsystem crashes on sound card teardown due to IRQ lifecycle mismanagement, causing a local denial of service. IRQ handlers registered via devm_request_threaded_irq() during component probe retain stale references to freed card and kcontrol structures after the sound card is torn down, resulting in null or dangling pointer dereferences and kernel panic. Exploitation requires local low-privilege access and SDCA-capable audio hardware; no public exploit exists and EPSS is extremely low at 0.02% (5th percentile).

The AF_XDP socket subsystem (xsk) in the Linux kernel fails to validate that a network device's MTU fits within the usable UMEM frame space at bind time, allowing a local low-privileged user to trigger a kernel denial of service. Usable frame space - chunk size minus headroom and tailroom - can fall below a standard 1500-byte MTU when 2k chunks are used, a gap that became exploitable once tailroom subtraction was introduced. The kernel also omits validation of hardware zero-copy capabilities via net_device::xdp_zc_max_segs. No public exploit has been identified and EPSS is 0.02% (5th percentile), indicating low immediate exploitation risk.

Reference count leak in the Linux kernel's xfrm IPsec subsystem allows a local low-privileged attacker to exhaust kernel memory, resulting in denial of service. The defect resides in xfrm_migrate_policy_find(), where xfrm_pol_hold_rcu() is called twice - once implicitly by the lookup path (which already returns a held reference) and once redundantly - creating a refcount imbalance that prevents memory reclamation. Discovered by the Linux Verification Center using Syzkaller fuzzing; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is very low at 0.02% (5th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation activity.

Uninitialized kernel memory is leaked to userspace through the xfrm_user subsystem's build_mapping() function in the Linux Kernel, where a one-byte compiler padding hole in struct xfrm_usersa_id after the proto field is never zeroed before the structure is copied across the kernel/userspace boundary. Authenticated local users with access to XFRM netlink interfaces can read this stale padding byte, potentially extracting kernel stack or heap fragments usable as an information disclosure primitive. No public exploit exists and EPSS is 0.02% (5th percentile), indicating negligible real-world exploitation probability at this time.

Linux kernel PF_KEY IPSEC key management exports leak uninitialized kernel memory via SADB_ACQUIRE, SADB_X_NAT_T_NEW_MAPPING, and SADB_X_MIGRATE messages, allowing local authenticated users to disclose sensitive kernel memory. EPSS score of 0.02% (percentile 5%) indicates minimal real-world exploitation despite patch availability. The 4-byte information leak per message could enable ASLR bypass and kernel address disclosure attacks.

Kernel crash in the Linux pinctrl mcp23s08 driver triggers a NULL pointer dereference during device probe when an MCP23S08/MCP23008 GPIO expander retains non-zero interrupt-on-change state across a warm reboot. The crash occurs because the driver's IRQ handler fires against pins whose nested IRQ handlers have not yet been registered, causing an unhandled kernel oops and system denial of service. Exploitation is local and device-specific; no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS remains at 0.02% (5th percentile) consistent with no observed in-the-wild triggering.

NULL pointer dereference in the Linux kernel IPVS subsystem causes a kernel panic during IPVS service creation failure cleanup, resulting in a full host denial of service. Affected kernels from 6.2 onward contain a logic error in ip_vs_add_service() where a successful scheduler bind sets the local sched variable to NULL; if ip_vs_start_estimator() subsequently fails, the error path calls ip_vs_unbind_scheduler() with that NULL pointer, dereferencing offset 0x30 and triggering a general protection fault. Exploitation requires local authenticated access with CAP_NET_ADMIN privileges; no public exploit is identified and EPSS is 0.02%, indicating very low exploitation probability.

Kernel heap memory disclosure in Linux netfilter's nfnetlink_log subsystem exposes four bytes of stale kernel memory to unprivileged local userspace processes when NFLOG batch mode is active. The flaw exists in __nfulnl_send(), which appends an NLMSG_DONE terminator using nlmsg_put() - a helper that zero-pads alignment bytes but does not initialize the nfgenmsg payload itself - resulting in uninitialized kernel heap data transmitted to any userspace NFLOG consumer. No public exploit code exists and no active exploitation has been confirmed; however, CVSS vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L signals that low-privileged local users can reliably trigger the leak without any special conditions beyond NFLOG batching being in use.

Denial-of-service via off-by-one allocation in the Linux kernel txgbe network driver allows a local low-privileged user to crash the kernel on systems hosting Wangxun 10GbE NICs. The driver allocates property_entry struct lists without reserving the mandatory null-terminator sentinel slot, meaning kernel subsystems iterating over the list read beyond allocated memory bounds. No active exploitation has been identified and EPSS is extremely low (0.02%, 5th percentile), but patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches including 6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, and 7.0.

Incorrect GENERIC_CMD register field masks in the Linux kernel's IPA (IP Accelerator) network driver for IPA v5.0+ hardware trigger a kernel WARN when a 'stop' command is sent to the MPSS (Modem Processor SubSystem) remoteproc while IPA is active. This availability-only vulnerability (CVSS C:N/I:N/A:H) affects authenticated local users on systems with Qualcomm IPA v5.0+ silicon. No public exploit exists and no KEV listing is present; with an EPSS of 0.02% this is a low-urgency stability fix rather than an active threat.

Integer overflow in the Linux kernel's l2tp subsystem allows a local low-privileged attacker to cause a denial of service by sending oversized packets through a PPPoL2TP socket with UDP encapsulation. In l2tp_xmit_core() (net/l2tp/l2tp_core.c:1293), the UDP length field - constrained to 16 bits - is assigned a packet length value without any bounds check, silently truncating values exceeding 65535 bytes and producing malformed UDP frames on the wire or triggering a kernel WARN. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV, but a syzbot reproducer is publicly documented in the upstream patch discussion.

Out-of-bounds array write in the Linux kernel's Intel uncore PMU driver (`perf/x86/intel/uncore`) causes denial of service on affected Intel multi-die x86 systems. The driver fails to skip discovery table parsing for dies whose CPUs are all offline at boot, allowing the assignment `pmu->boxes[die] = box` in `uncore_pci_pmu_register()` to overflow the boxes array, triggering a kernel WARN or potential memory corruption. Exploitation requires local low-privilege access under a specific hardware and boot configuration; no public exploit exists and EPSS is 0.02%, indicating negligible real-world exploitation likelihood.

Local denial-of-service in the Linux kernel's AEAD crypto socket interface (`algif_aead`) allows a low-privileged local user to crash the kernel by submitting a decryption request where the minimum receive buffer size check fails to account for the authentication tag length. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) confirms this is a locally exploitable, high-availability-impact issue with no confidentiality or integrity risk. Patches have been released across multiple Linux LTS stable branches (5.10.254, 5.15.204, 6.1.170, 6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0) and Ubuntu has issued multiple USN advisories (USN-8277-1 through USN-8281-1). No public exploit code has been identified and EPSS is 0.02%, indicating no public exploitation activity.

Undefined behavior in rust-openssl's X509Ref::ocsp_responders allows crafted X.509 certificates with non-UTF-8 OCSP responder URLs to violate Rust's memory safety guarantees. Applications parsing untrusted certificates (TLS handshakes, certificate validation pipelines, PKI tooling) can trigger undefined behavior through safe Rust code when processing malformed AIA extensions. CVSS 8.7 reflects network-exploitable integrity impact; no active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but patch available in version 0.10.79 per upstream GitHub advisory GHSA-xp3w-r5p5-63rr.

Worker process crashes occur in ModSecurity (libmodsecurity3) when processing query string parameters containing single characters through the t:hexDecode transformation function. Remote unauthenticated attackers can trigger repeated segmentation faults to disrupt web application firewall protection, though service automatically recovers once the attack ceases. All libmodsecurity3 versions before 3.0.15 are affected across Apache, IIS, and Nginx deployments. OWASP confirmed the vulnerability via GitHub security advisory GHSA-qrjc-3jpc-3h2g and released patch version 3.0.15 addressing this buffer overflow (CWE-125: Out-of-bounds Read).

HTTP request smuggling and RTSP request injection in Netty arise from incomplete input validation in DefaultHttpRequest and DefaultFullHttpRequest. When these objects are created with a safe URI and later modified via setUri() with attacker-controlled input, the setUri() method bypasses CRLF validation that is enforced in constructors. HttpRequestEncoder and RtspEncoder then serialize the malicious URI directly into request lines, allowing attackers to inject additional HTTP or RTSP requests. Vendor-released patches: 4.1.133.Final and 4.2.13.Final address the vulnerability by applying consistent validation in setUri().

Jupyter Server allows authenticated users to maintain indefinite access even after password changes due to persistent authentication cookie secrets stored in an unrotated file. An attacker who obtains a valid authentication cookie can continue using it to access the server with full privileges regardless of subsequent password resets or server restarts, affecting all Jupyter Server deployments using password authentication.

Misuse of the `__copy_user_nocache()` function in the Linux kernel's x86-64 subsystem - specifically within NTB driver code and several other drivers - causes STAC/CLAC (SMAP-disabling) instructions to execute during kernel-to-kernel memory copies where no user-space access is actually performed. This incorrect usage defeats the Supervisor Mode Access Prevention (SMAP) protection temporarily and, critically, attaches user-space exception handling semantics to pure kernel copies; if a machine check exception or memory fault occurs during this window, the kernel may not handle it gracefully, resulting in a kernel panic. The CVSS availability-high rating (A:H) reflects this crash potential for any local authenticated user able to trigger the affected driver paths. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS probability is negligible at 0.02%.

Open redirect vulnerability in Jupyter Server through version 2.17.0 allows unauthenticated remote attackers to redirect users to arbitrary external domains via insufficiently validated next query parameters in the login flow, enabling phishing attacks. User interaction (clicking a crafted login link) is required. The vulnerability is fixed in version 2.18.0.

Resource leak in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth hci_ll driver allows a local authenticated user to cause kernel memory exhaustion by repeatedly triggering an error path in download_firmware() where firmware objects allocated by request_firmware() are never released when their content is invalid. Systems equipped with Texas Instruments Bluetooth hardware (using the hci_ll driver) are affected across numerous stable kernel branches dating back to Linux 4.12. No public exploit exists and EPSS is 0.02% (7th percentile), classifying this as a low-urgency maintenance fix; patches are available across all actively maintained stable branches.

Repeated data loss occurs on Linux kernel systems using ext4 filesystems due to the `ext4_mb_find_by_goal()` function failing to skip corrupted block groups during block allocation. Affected kernels from commit 163a203ddb36 through multiple stable branches will continuously attempt to allocate blocks from a group flagged `EXT4_MB_GRP_BBITMAP_CORRUPT`, producing kernel error messages stating 'This should not happen!! Data will be lost' and causing permanent inode data loss. No public exploit has been identified and EPSS is 0.02%, but the availability impact is rated High; this is a resilience defect in ext4 error-handling that requires local access and pre-existing filesystem corruption to manifest.

Buffer-head reference leak in Linux kernel ext4 fast-commit replay (ext4_fc_replay_inode()) allows local authenticated users to exhaust kernel memory, resulting in denial of service. Four distinct error paths in the function skip the mandatory brelse() call on iloc.bh, and the function previously masked all errors by always returning 0. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS at 0.02% (7th percentile) reflects very low real-world exploitation probability and no CISA KEV listing corroborates the absence of observed active exploitation.

Availability impact in the Linux kernel's ext4 filesystem subsystem arises from improperly managed discard workqueue lifecycle during remount and unmount operations. When a filesystem mounted with `-o discard` is remounted with `-o nodiscard` and then immediately unmounted, pending `s_discard_work` workqueue items are neither cancelled nor flushed before superblock teardown, potentially causing the work callback to reference freed memory and crash the kernel. Patch commits are confirmed across multiple stable branches; EPSS is 0.02% (7th percentile) and no KEV listing or public exploit exists, indicating negligible real-world exploitation risk outside of automated fuzzer (syzkaller) scenarios.

TX deadlock in the Linux kernel's 8250 serial UART driver permanently blocks DMA transmissions when a DMA transaction is terminated without its completion callback executing. Specifically, `dmaengine_terminate_async` does not guarantee that `__dma_tx_complete` runs, leaving `dma->tx_running` permanently set and preventing any subsequent TX DMA scheduling. This availability-only denial-of-service (CVSS A:H) requires local low-privileged access and only manifests on systems with 8250 UART hardware operating in DMA mode; no public exploit exists and no KEV listing is present.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's netfilter nft_ct subsystem allows local authenticated attackers with low privileges to achieve code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The vulnerability stems from stale references to conntrack zone templates, timeout policies, and helper objects in packets queued to nfqueue when these objects are removed. Exploitation probability is low (EPSS 0.02%, 7th percentile) with no active exploitation confirmed at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.167, 6.6.130, 6.12.78, 6.18.20, 6.19.10, 7.0).

Django 6.0 before 6.0.5 and 5.2 before 5.2.14 allow remote attackers to bypass the FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE limit by submitting ASGI requests with missing or understated Content-Length headers, potentially loading large files into memory and causing denial of service through resource exhaustion. No active exploitation confirmed, but the vulnerability requires only network access and no authentication, making it trivially exploitable once the bypass is understood.

Uncontrolled resource consumption in Apache HTTP Server's mod_md module allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust server resources via malformed OCSP response data, affecting versions 2.4.30 through 2.4.66. The vulnerability enables attackers to achieve confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts with low complexity exploitation over the network. No active exploitation confirmed (not in CISA KEV), but the network-accessible attack surface and lack of authentication requirement make this a credible threat requiring prompt patching to version 2.4.67.

Denial of service in net-imap SCRAM-SHA1/SHA256 authentication allows a hostile IMAP server to freeze the entire Ruby VM by sending an arbitrarily large PBKDF2 iteration count, blocking all threads for several minutes due to the blocking nature of OpenSSL::KDF.pbkdf2_hmac and its retention of the Global VM Lock. Patched versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4 introduce a max_iterations parameter that users must explicitly configure to prevent exploitation.

Authorization bypass in Docker Distribution Registry allows remote clients to delete image tags via the DELETE /v2/<name>/manifests/<tag> endpoint even when the operator has explicitly configured storage.delete.enabled: false. The tag deletion code path in registry/handlers/manifests.go bypasses the deletion authorization check present in digest-based manifest deletion, enabling attackers with network access to cause denial of service by removing tags and disrupting supply chain integrity of registries intended to be immutable.

Pillow's PDF parser enters an infinite loop when processing maliciously crafted PDF files with circular Prev pointer references in trailer sections, causing 100% CPU consumption and application hang. All versions from 4.2.0 through 12.1.x are affected. The vulnerability is a denial-of-service condition affecting any application using Pillow to parse untrusted PDFs. Vendor-released patch: version 12.2.0.

Integer overflow in Pillow's font glyph processing allows remote code execution or denial of service when handling maliciously crafted fonts with extremely large glyph advance values. Pillow versions before 12.2.0 are affected. The vulnerability is triggered during font rendering operations where position tracking accumulates glyph advances without proper bounds checking, leading to wraparound arithmetic that can corrupt memory or crash the interpreter.

Heap buffer overflow in Pillow 11.2.1 through 12.1.x allows local attackers to cause denial of service or potentially execute arbitrary code by passing deeply nested list structures as coordinates to ImagePath.Path, ImageDraw.polygon, or ImageDraw.line APIs, which recursively unpack coordinates beyond allocated buffer boundaries.

Argo Workflows executor logs artifact repository credentials in plaintext to pod logs during artifact operations, exposing S3 access/secret keys, GCS service account keys, Azure storage keys, and Git passwords. Users with Kubernetes RBAC permissions to read pod logs in the workflow namespace can extract these credentials directly from workflow execution logs. This vulnerability affects Argo Workflows v4.0.0 through v4.0.4 and represents an incomplete fix of CVE-2025-62157. Vendor-released patch (v4.0.5) is available with GitHub commit bdd40908 removing credential-bearing struct logging. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though exploitation is trivial given the included working proof-of-concept YAML.

Traefik's errors middleware discloses sensitive HTTP headers including Authorization and Cookie to separate error page services when backends return configured error status codes. Affected versions are Traefik v2.11.43 and earlier, v3.6.14 and earlier, and v3.7.0-rc.0 through v3.7.0-rc.2. The vulnerability allows credentials meant only for backend services to be forwarded to distinct error page infrastructure, expanding exposure across service boundaries. Vendor-released patches are available; actively exploited status not confirmed.

Remote attackers can crash Apache HTTP Server 2.4.66 and earlier by sending malicious requests that trigger a NULL pointer dereference in mod_dav_lock, causing denial of service. The vulnerability affects only servers with mod_dav_lock enabled, a legacy module whose primary use-case (Apache Subversion < 1.2.0) is obsolete in modern deployments. CISA SSVC indicates no active exploitation, but the attack is automatable against susceptible configurations. CVSS 7.5 (High) reflects network-accessible, unauthenticated denial of service, though real-world impact is limited to the small subset of servers still running mod_dav_lock.

Timing attack against mod_auth_digest in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.66 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass Digest authentication with high attack complexity. The vulnerability exploits measurable timing differences in digest credential validation, enabling credential compromise without valid authentication. Apache has released patched version 2.4.67; no active exploitation has been confirmed, but CISA SSVC framework indicates automatable exploitation is not feasible due to the timing attack's sensitivity requirements.

Null pointer dereference in mod_authn_socache in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.66 and earlier allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash child processes in caching forward proxy configurations, resulting in denial of service. The vulnerability has CVSS 5.3 (medium) with network accessibility and no authentication required, but is limited to partial availability impact affecting only specific proxy deployments. Vendor-released patch: version 2.4.67.

HTTP response splitting in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.0 through 2.4.66 allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary HTTP headers and content when the server acts as a proxy to untrusted or compromised backend servers, enabling cache poisoning, session fixation, and cross-site scripting attacks. CVSS 6.5 (moderate) with network attack vector, no authentication required, and confirmed automatable exploitation per CISA SSVC framework. Vendor-released patch: version 2.4.67.

Out-of-bounds read in mod_proxy_ajp of Apache HTTP Server through version 2.4.66 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to disclose sensitive information via a crafted AJP protocol request. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.3 (moderate) with no active exploitation confirmed. Upgrade to version 2.4.67 to remediate.

Improper null termination and out-of-bounds read vulnerability in Apache HTTP Server through version 2.4.66 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger information disclosure with low complexity exploitation. The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 5.3 (medium) with network-accessible attack vector and no user interaction required, though technical impact is limited to confidentiality (partial information disclosure). Vendor-released patch: version 2.4.67 addresses the issue.

Buffer over-read in Apache HTTP Server through 2.4.66 enables remote unauthenticated information disclosure at network scale. Attackers can read sensitive memory content without authentication or user interaction, achieving high confidentiality impact with low attack complexity. EPSS exploitation probability and KEV status not provided, but SSVC framework confirms the vulnerability is automatable with partial technical impact and no active exploitation detected at time of analysis. Patch released in version 2.4.67.

Heap out-of-bounds read in Ollama's GGUF model loader (<0.17.1) leaks sensitive memory contents including API keys, environment variables, and concurrent user data when processing maliciously crafted model files. Attackers can trigger the vulnerability by uploading a GGUF file with tensor offsets exceeding file bounds via the unauthenticated /api/create endpoint, then exfiltrate leaked memory through /api/push to attacker-controlled registries. While default deployments bind to localhost only, the widely-adopted OLLAMA_HOST=0.0.0.0 configuration exposes instances to network exploitation. Vendor-released patch available in version 0.17.1 with GitHub commit 88d57d0483cca907e0b23a968c83627a20b21047 adding bounds validation to fs/ggml/gguf.go and server/quantization.go.

Local .htaccess authors can escalate privileges to read arbitrary files as the httpd daemon user in Apache HTTP Server 2.4.66 and earlier. The vulnerability requires low-privilege authenticated access to create or modify .htaccess files, but exploits misconfigured module interactions to bypass intended access controls. Apache has released version 2.4.67 to address this issue. SSVC assessment indicates no active exploitation and non-automatable attack vector, with EPSS data not yet available for this recent disclosure.

Out-of-bounds read in GoBGP BMP parser allows remote attackers to trigger information disclosure via malformed BMP messages to the BMPPeerUpNotification.ParseBody and BMPStatisticsReport.ParseBody functions. Affected versions are up to 4.3.0; patch available in version 4.4.0. CVSS 6.9 reflects availability impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified.

Integer underflow in osrg GoBGP up to version 4.3.0 allows remote attackers to trigger a crash or information disclosure via crafted MRT (Multi-Threaded Routing Toolkit) packet data in the parseRibEntry function. The vulnerability arises from improper bounds checking when processing RIB (Routing Information Base) entries, enabling network-based exploitation without authentication. Vendor-released patch version 4.4.0 addresses this issue; no active exploitation has been confirmed at time of analysis.

Missing input validation in FRRouting stable/10.0 through 10.6 allows authenticated BGP peers to trigger a Denial of Service by sending a crafted UPDATE message with invalid martian addresses in the MP_REACH_NLRI component. An authenticated attacker can crash or severely degrade the BGP routing daemon by exploiting insufficient validation of next-hop addresses, with an EPSS score of 0.02% indicating low real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS scoring.

Wireshark 4.6.0 through 4.6.4 crashes when processing malformed IEEE 802.11 frames due to a null pointer dereference in the protocol dissector. An attacker can trigger denial of service by crafting or replaying a specially malformed wireless packet that causes the dissector to crash when analyzed, rendering packet analysis impossible until the application restarts. CVSS score 5.5 reflects local attack vector with user interaction required; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Local denial-of-service in the Linux kernel's vidtv virtual DVB media driver allows an authenticated local user to crash the kernel via a NULL pointer dereference triggered by uninitialized struct fields in vidtv_ts_null_write_into() and vidtv_ts_pcr_write_into(). Affected kernel versions span from commit f90cf6079bf6 across multiple stable branches through Linux 5.10, with fixes backported to 6.6.136, 6.12.83, 6.18.24, 6.19.14, 7.0.1, and 7.1-rc1. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is 0.02% (7th percentile), and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, reflecting its low real-world exploitation likelihood.

HTTP request smuggling in mtrudel bandit before version 1.11.0 allows unauthenticated attackers to bypass edge security controls when the application sits behind a proxy that interprets duplicate Content-Length headers differently. The vulnerability stems from Bandit accepting only the first Content-Length header while proxies may use the last value, causing request framing desynchronization that enables smuggling past WAF rules, path-based ACLs, rate limiting, and audit logging. CVSS 6.3 (AV:N/AC:L/AT:P) indicates network-accessible exploitation with some attack timing complexity; no public exploit code or active KEV listing identified at analysis time, but RFC 9112 non-compliance creates a known attack pattern.

Memory exhaustion in Bandit WebSocket server (versions 0.5.9 through 1.10.x) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash BEAM nodes via compression bombs when permessage-deflate is enabled. The inflate/2 function decompresses WebSocket frames without output-size limits, enabling attackers to send tiny compressed payloads (~1024:1 ratio) that expand to gigabyte-scale heap allocations. Vendor-released patch available (version 1.11.0). EPSS data not available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Exploitation requires non-default configuration (both server-level compress and per-upgrade compress: true options enabled), making stock Phoenix/LiveView applications unaffected.

Memory exhaustion in Bandit WebSocket server (versions 0.5.0 through 1.10.x) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to trigger denial of service by sending unbounded WebSocket continuation frames without setting the fin flag. The fragment reassembly logic accumulates payloads without checking cumulative message size, bypassing the max_frame_size limit which only applies to individual frames. Applications using Phoenix Channels or LiveView over Bandit expose this attack surface on any WebSocket endpoint. Patch available in version 1.11.0 introduces max_fragmented_message_size parameter (default 8MB). No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, but trivial to reproduce with standard WebSocket libraries.

Denial of service in mtrudel bandit via HTTP/2 frame deserialization allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust server memory by sending oversized frames. The vulnerability exists because the HTTP/2 frame parser in 'Elixir.Bandit.HTTP2.Frame':deserialize/2 performs the max frame size check after pattern-matching the entire payload into memory, rather than before, allowing attackers to force buffering of up to 16 MiB frames regardless of negotiated limits. Confirmed actively exploited (CISA KEV status unknown but vendor advisory confirms vulnerability). Patch available in version 1.11.0.

Integrity verification bypass in Linux kernel crypto subsystem's Kerberos 5 encryption module allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass cryptographic hash checks when asynchronous decryption completes. The vulnerability stems from incorrect callback chaining that skips krb5enc_dispatch_decrypt_hash() verification entirely during async operations. Exploitation likelihood is low (EPSS 2%, percentile 4%) despite high CVSS severity, though EUVD classifies this as an authentication bypass affecting Linux 6.15+ with patches available for stable branches 6.18.25, 7.0.2, and mainline 7.1-rc1.

Memory leak in f2fs_rename() function allows local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service through repeated file rename operations. The vulnerability exists in the f2fs filesystem implementation when handling SELinux label initialization during whiteout file creation, due to a missing f2fs_free_filename() call introduced in commit 40b2d55e0452. Vendor patches are available for Linux 6.6.136, 6.12.84, 6.18.25, 7.0.2, and 7.1-rc1.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fuse: abort on fatal signal during sync init When sync init is used and the server exits for some reason (error, crash) while processing FUSE_INIT, the filesystem creation will hang. The reason is that while all other threads will exit, the mounting thread (or process) will keep the device fd open, which will prevent an abort from happening. This is a regression from the async mount case, where the mount was done first, and the FUSE_INIT processing afterwards, in which case there's no such recursive syscall keeping the fd open.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: smb: client: fix dir separator in SMB1 UNIX mounts When calling cifs_mount_get_tcon() with SMB1 UNIX mounts, @cifs_sb->mnt_cifs_flags needs to be read or updated only after calling reset_cifs_unix_caps(), otherwise it might end up with missing CIFS_MOUNT_POSIXACL and CIFS_MOUNT_POSIX_PATHS bits. This fixes the wrong dir separator used in paths caused by the missing CIFS_MOUNT_POSIX_PATHS bit in cifs_sb_info::mnt_cifs_flags.

Integer overflow in Linux kernel's ksmbd (SMB server) allows local authenticated attackers to bypass size validation and trigger memory corruption via crafted daemon responses. The vulnerability affects three IPC message handlers that fail to detect arithmetic overflow when computing expected message sizes from attacker-controlled fields (payload_sz, ngroups), enabling out-of-bounds memcpy operations. Vendor patches available for affected 5.15+ kernels. EPSS score 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low observed exploitation probability. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Buffer overflow in Linux kernel's ksmbd SMB server allows authenticated remote attackers to trigger ~8 MB heap allocation from manipulated NTACL xattr values, potentially leading to memory exhaustion, information disclosure via uninitialized heap memory, or code execution. Exploitation requires low-privilege SMB authentication plus ability to corrupt backing filesystem metadata (offline xattr tampering or race condition). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal observed exploitation activity. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.84, 6.18.25, 7.0.2, 7.1-rc1).

Use-after-free in Linux kernel virt_wifi driver allows local authenticated users to trigger memory corruption during ethtool operations on virtual WiFi devices being unregistered. The vulnerability stems from improper device parent reference handling via SET_NETDEV_DEV, where ethnl_ops_begin() calls pm_runtime_get_sync() on already-freed memory when a virt_wifi device unregisters concurrently with ethtool operations. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile), and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though CVSS 7.8 reflects potential for complete system compromise if successfully triggered.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel's MANA network driver allows local authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and potentially execute code with kernel privileges. The flaw occurs when auxiliary_device_add() fails in add_adev(), triggering cleanup that frees memory still referenced by subsequent error-handling code. Patches available across stable kernel branches (6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates low probability of widespread exploitation. No CISA KEV listing or public exploit identified at time of analysis.

Uninitialized memory in the Linux kernel SCSI target subsystem (target_core_file) causes write operations to fail unpredictably when bogus ki_write_stream values trigger block device validation checks. Affected versions span Linux kernel 6.16 through development branches, with stable patches released for 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. While CVSS scores this as 7.5 High with network vector (AV:N), the description indicates a local kernel subsystem issue affecting SCSI target configurations, suggesting a vector/impact mismatch. EPSS probability is very low (0.02%, 4th percentile) with no evidence of active exploitation or public POC, indicating minimal real-world targeting despite the high CVSS score.

tcm_loop target reset handler fails to drain in-flight SCSI commands, violating SCSI error handling contract and causing LUN reference leaks that deadlock configfs LUN unlink operations. Local users with appropriate privileges can trigger denial of service by initiating reset sequences while SCSI commands are in flight, leaving the kernel in an unkillable D-state waiting for LUN reference counts to clear. This is a local denial of service affecting the SCSI target core's tcm_loop loopback driver across multiple kernel versions.

XFS filesystem crashes during log recovery when inodes with node-format extended attributes are inactivated following an untimely log shutdown, due to stale metadata block references in the attribute B-tree. Unprivileged local attackers with write access to XFS filesystems can trigger this denial-of-service condition by inducing log shutdown during extended attribute cleanup, causing the filesystem to unmount and require repair. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions prior to 6.19.12 and later stable branches.

An out-of-bounds read vulnerability in the Linux kernel's Wacom HID driver (wacom_intuos_bt_irq function) allows adjacent network attackers to cause information disclosure or denial of service through maliciously crafted short Bluetooth HID reports. The vulnerability affects the Bluetooth interface of Wacom Intuos tablets, where report types 0x03 and 0x04 are processed without validating minimum lengths (22 and 32 bytes respectively), enabling memory reads beyond buffer boundaries. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel versions (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0) with no active exploitation confirmed (EPSS 0.02%, not in CISA KEV).

Race condition in Linux kernel ATM LEC driver allows local attackers with low privileges to trigger use-after-free memory corruption in sock_def_readable(), potentially achieving arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service. The flaw affects systems using ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) LAN Emulation Client functionality, present since Linux kernel version 2.4 (commit 1da177e4c3f4). EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) suggests low probability of mass exploitation. Vendor patches available across all maintained stable branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). Not listed in CISA KEV; no public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in Linux kernel HID subsystem allows local attackers with low privileges to achieve arbitrary code execution, privilege escalation, or denial of service when force feedback initialization fails on Logitech G920 racing wheels. The vulnerability occurs when userspace continues accessing freed memory structures (sysfs and /dev/input) after initialization errors. Vendor patches available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low probability of mass exploitation, consistent with hardware-specific local attack surface requiring physical device presence.

Adjacent network attackers can achieve high-severity code execution, information disclosure, or denial of service in the Linux kernel HID (Human Interface Device) subsystem by exploiting a bounds-checking flaw in hid_report_raw_event(). A bogus memset() operation intended to zero unused buffer space instead creates out-of-bounds read/write conditions when processing malformed HID input reports from adjacent devices (USB, Bluetooth). Vendor patches available for stable branches 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% suggests minimal observed exploitation, but the unauthenticated adjacent-network attack vector with low complexity makes this exploitable in environments with untrusted HID peripherals.

Out-of-bounds memory writes in Linux kernel HID multitouch driver allow local authenticated users to achieve code execution or crash systems via malicious USB/HID devices. The vulnerability exists in the HID multitouch report parsing logic where mismatched report IDs in feature requests can confuse the HID core. Vendor-released patches are available across multiple kernel versions (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS score is low (0.02%, 7th percentile), indicating minimal observed exploitation attempts. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis.

Kernel denial of service via crafted btrfs metadata allowing local attackers to trigger an unguarded BUG_ON() condition during relocation recovery at mount time. The vulnerability arises when a root item on disk contains a non-zero drop_progress with zero drop_level, an invalid state that should not exist but lacks validation on read. CVSS 5.5 reflects local attack vector and availability impact; EPSS 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation likelihood.

Memory corruption and page reference leaks in the Linux kernel mshv (Microsoft Hyper-V) module occur when pin_user_pages_fast() returns a partial pin count, which the current code incorrectly treats as success. A local authenticated attacker with privileges can trigger this vulnerability to corrupt memory or cause denial of service on systems using the mshv module, particularly in Hyper-V guest environments.

Memory corruption in the Linux kernel CAAM (Cryptographic Acceleration and Assurance Module) crypto driver allows local authenticated users to corrupt kernel memory and potentially escalate privileges. The vulnerability occurs when HMAC keys longer than the hash block size are processed - the driver allocates a DMA-aligned buffer size but fails to use it, causing the hashed key to overwrite adjacent memory. Vendor patches are available for stable kernel versions 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel AF_ALG crypto interface allows local authenticated attackers to trigger a NULL pointer dereference and kernel panic by sending sequential sendmsg() calls that cause scatter-gather list chain operations to fail to properly unmark SGL boundaries. The vulnerability occurs when AF_ALG allocates chained SGL structures without clearing end markers on previous entries, causing the crypto scatterwalk to encounter premature termination and dereference NULL pointers. CVSS 5.5 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L) reflects local-only attack requirement with low complexity; EPSS 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates minimal real-world exploitation risk despite kernel panic severity.

Race condition in Linux kernel MPLS subsystem allows local authenticated users to trigger out-of-bounds memory access via concurrent label table resizing. The vulnerability affects RCU-protected codepaths (mpls_forward, mpls_dump_routes) that can obtain inconsistent snapshots of platform_labels array metadata during resize operations, potentially leading to information disclosure or denial of service. Vendor patch available addressing the issue through seqcount-based synchronization. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no active exploitation or public POC identified.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: qrtr: replace qrtr_tx_flow radix_tree with xarray to fix memory leak __radix_tree_create() allocates and links intermediate nodes into the tree one by one. If a subsequent allocation fails, the already-linked nodes remain in the tree with no corresponding leaf entry. These orphaned internal nodes are never reclaimed because radix_tree_for_each_slot() only visits slots containing leaf values. The radix_tree API is deprecated in favor of xarray. As suggested by Matthew Wilcox, migrate qrtr_tx_flow from radix_tree to xarray instead of fixing the radix_tree itself [1]. xarray properly handles cleanup of internal nodes - xa_destroy() frees all internal xarray nodes when the qrtr_node is released, preventing the leak. [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260225071623.41275-1-jiayuan.chen@linux.dev/T/

Remote code execution and information disclosure in Linux Kernel's TI ICSSG PRU Ethernet driver allows unauthenticated network attackers to leak kernel heap memory to userspace and potentially corrupt page_pool state. The zero-copy RX dispatch path fails to copy received packet data into newly allocated skbs, instead forwarding uninitialized heap memory up the network stack. Vendor patches available for kernel 6.19.12 and 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) suggests low observed exploitation activity despite critical CVSS 9.8 rating and network attack vector.

Linux kernel GSO feature check reads uninitialized IPv4 header data when processing packets from PF_PACKET paths, causing kernel memory disclosure or denial of service. The vulnerability affects multiple kernel versions before 6.12.81, 6.19.12, and 7.0, and requires local user access to trigger via raw packet injection.

A local denial of service vulnerability in the Linux kernel bnxt_en driver allows authenticated local users to crash the system by triggering an out-of-bounds array access during backing store capability queries. The vulnerability stems from incorrect use of firmware-provided type values to index fixed metadata arrays, rather than using the known loop iteration index. Exploitation requires local access and user-level privileges (PR:L), and no active exploitation has been reported.

Denial of service in the Linux kernel NFC PN533 UART driver allows local authenticated attackers to exhaust memory by sending malformed NFC frames without valid headers, causing unbounded socket buffer growth until kernel crash. Affects Linux 5.5 through 7.0 with patches available across all maintained stable branches (5.10.253, 5.15.203, 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and 7.0); EPSS exploitation probability is minimal at 0.02%, but local privilege is required.

Linux kernel axienet driver can permanently stall network transmit queues due to incorrect Byte Queue Limits (BQL) accounting when scatter-gather TX packets span multiple NAPI polls. When a multi-buffer-descriptor packet completes across different polling cycles, only partial byte counts are credited to BQL, causing the subsystem to incorrectly believe bytes remain in-flight indefinitely and halting transmission. Vendor patches available for stable branches (6.18.22, 6.19.12, 7.0). EPSS exploitation probability is 2% (4th percentile), no active exploitation confirmed, indicating low real-world targeting despite the 7.5 CVSS score.

Denial of service via soft lockup in Linux kernel MPTCP (Multipath TCP) receive function allows remote unauthenticated attackers to lock up a CPU core indefinitely when applications use MSG_PEEK with MSG_WAITALL flags. The vulnerability stems from improper handling of peeked socket buffers that remain in the receive queue, causing sk_wait_data() to never actually wait and spinning in an infinite loop. EPSS score is low (0.02%, 4th percentile) indicating minimal observed exploitation probability. Vendor patches available for kernel versions 6.18.x and 6.19.x series.

Race condition in the Linux kernel's Bluetooth SCO socket implementation allows local authenticated users to trigger use-after-free and memory corruption via concurrent connect() syscalls on the same socket. The vulnerability affects the sco_sock_connect() function which fails to properly serialize state checks, enabling two threads to simultaneously progress through connection setup on a socket already marked for cleanup, leading to double-free conditions and connection object leaks. Vendor-released patches are available for kernel versions 6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates very low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in Linux kernel Bluetooth subsystem allows authenticated local users to cause denial of service through improper resource management in hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() function. The vulnerability affects Bluetooth HCI synchronization queue handling, where the function fails to properly indicate queue item addition status, leading to potential resource leaks and system unavailability. EPSS score of 0.02% indicates minimal real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS severity.

Memory and reference leaks in the Linux kernel Bluetooth hci_sync subsystem allow local authenticated attackers to cause denial of service by triggering hci_cmd_sync_queue_once() failures without invoking the destroy callback, leading to unreclaimed resources. The vulnerability affects Linux kernel versions prior to 6.19.12 and 7.0, with EPSS score of 0.02% indicating very low real-world exploitation probability despite moderate CVSS score.

Stack buffer overflow in Linux kernel Bluetooth MGMT subsystem allows local authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The vulnerability stems from insufficient validation of the encryption key size (enc_size) parameter when loading Long Term Keys (LTKs) via the Bluetooth management interface. When processing LE LTK requests, the kernel uses the attacker-controlled enc_size value to perform stack operations against a fixed 16-byte buffer, enabling stack corruption through oversized values. Vendor-released patches are available across all active kernel branches. EPSS exploitation probability is low (0.02%, 7th percentile), and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, though the attack complexity is low once local authenticated access is obtained.

Use-after-free in Linux Kernel Bluetooth stack allows adjacent network attackers to execute arbitrary code, escalate privileges, or cause denial of service without authentication. The vulnerability exists in hci_le_remote_conn_param_req_evt where hci_conn lookup and field access occurs outside the hdev lock protection, enabling concurrent memory corruption. Patches are available across multiple stable kernel branches (6.1.168, 6.6.134, 6.12.81, 6.18.22, 6.19.12, and mainline 7.0). EPSS score of 0.02% indicates low observed exploitation probability, and no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis.