Linux
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The Linux kernel before 4.8 allows local users to bypass ASLR on setuid programs (such as /bin/su) because install_exec_creds() is called too late in load_elf_binary() in fs/binfmt_elf.c, and thus. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). Public exploit code available.
A heap data infoleak in multiple locations including L2CAP_PARSE_CONF_RSP was found in the Linux kernel before 5.1-rc1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A heap address information leak while using L2CAP_GET_CONF_OPT was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.1-rc1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux Kernel before versions 4.20.8 and 4.19.21 a use-after-free error in the "sctp_sendmsg()" function (net/sctp/socket.c) when handling SCTP_SENDALL flag can be exploited to corrupt memory. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in aio_poll() in fs/aio.c in the Linux kernel through 5.0.4. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Flatpak before 1.0.8, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.4, and 1.3.x before 1.3.1 allows a sandbox bypass. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
In the Linux kernel through 5.0.2, the function inotify_update_existing_watch() in fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c neglects to call fsnotify_put_mark() with IN_MASK_CREATE after. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Memory Leak vulnerability could allow attackers to exhaust available memory leading to denial of service.
The KVM implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.20.5 has an Information Leak. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The KVM implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.20.5 has a Use-after-Free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.12, net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_snmp_basic_main.c in the SNMP NAT module has insufficient ASN.1 length checks (aka an array index error), making out-of-bounds read and. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.5, attackers can trigger a drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c use-after-free and OOPS by arranging for certain simultaneous execution of the code, as demonstrated by. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
A memory leak in the kernel_read_file function in fs/exec.c in the Linux kernel through 4.20.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by triggering vfs_read failures. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel through 4.20.11, af_alg_release() in crypto/af_alg.c neglects to set a NULL value for a certain structure member, which leads to a use-after-free in sockfs_setattr. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.8, kvm_ioctl_create_device in virt/kvm/kvm_main.c mishandles reference counting because of a race condition, leading to a use-after-free. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.20.6 performs undesirable out-of-bounds speculation on pointer arithmetic in various cases, including cases of different branches with different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6).
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel in the function hid_debug_events_read() in drivers/hid/hid-debug.c file which may enter an infinite loop with certain parameters passed from a userspace. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The mincore() implementation in mm/mincore.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.13 allowed local attackers to observe page cache access patterns of other processes on the same system, potentially. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in can_can_gw_rcv in net/can/gw.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.13. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.18.11. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
SQLite before 3.25.3, when the FTS3 extension is enabled, encounters an integer overflow (and resultant buffer overflow) for FTS3 queries that occur after crafted changes to FTS3 shadow tables,. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Un-trusted pointer de-reference issue by accessing a variable which is already freed. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, if there is an unlikely memory alloc failure for the secure pool in boot, it can result in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Possible buffer overflow in TX and RX FIFOs of microcontroller in camera subsystem used to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, When allocating heap using user supplied size, Possible heap overflow vulnerability due to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, A use after free condition and an out-of-bounds access can occur in the DIAG driver. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Error in kernel observed while accessing freed mask pointers after reallocating memory for. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Anyone can execute proptrigger.sh which will lead to change in properties. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Exposing the hashed content in /etc/passwd may lead to security issue. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Buffer overread may occur due to non-null terminated strings while processing vsprintf in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Possibility of accessing out of bound vector index When updating some GNSS configurations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, A use after free condition can occur in the SPS driver which can lead to error in kernel. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's NFS41+ subsystem. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.19.9. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability could allow attackers to cause denial of service by exhausting system resources.
The userfaultfd implementation in the Linux kernel before 4.19.7 mishandles access control for certain UFFDIO_ ioctl calls, as demonstrated by allowing local users to write data into holes in a tmpfs. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Possible buffer overflow in WLAN function due to lack of input validation in values received. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.19.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
In the Linux kernel through 4.19.6, a local user could exploit a use-after-free in the ALSA driver by supplying a malicious USB Sound device (with zero interfaces) that is mishandled in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a use after free issue in WLAN host driver can lead to device reboot. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a memory corruption can occur in kernel due to improper check in callers count parameter in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, buffer overflow occur may occur in display handlers due to lack of checking in buffer size. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a possible buffer overflow in display function due to lack of buffer length. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a possible buffer overflow in debugfs module due to lack of check in size of input. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while list traversal in LPM status driver for clean up, use after free vulnerability may. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, existing checks in place on partition size are incomplete and can lead to heap overwrite. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, due to a race condition, a Use After Free condition can occur in Audio. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a partition name-check variable is not reset for every iteration which may cause improper. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper mounting lead to device node and executable to be run from /dsp/ which presents a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, the UPnP daemon should not be running out of box because it enables port forwarding without. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while processing fastboot flash command, memory leak or unexpected behavior may occur due to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a potential heap overflow and memory corruption due to improper error handling in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, memory allocated is automatically released by the kernel if the 'probe' function fails with. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /systemrw/. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper configuration of dev nodes may lead to potential security issue. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper configuration of daemons may lead to unprivileged access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper configuration of script may lead to unprivileged access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /persist/. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /cache/ which. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /data/ which. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /firmware/. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a security concern with default privileged access to ADB and debug-fs. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to overly permissive default settings.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, freeing device memory in driver probe failure will result in double free issue in power. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper input validation can lead to an improper access to already freed up dci client. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a possible Use-after-free issue in Media Codec process. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while processing a fast Initial link setup (FILS) connection request, integer overflow may. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A security flaw was found in the Linux kernel in a way that the cleancache subsystem clears an inode after the final file truncation (removal). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
The Linux kernel before 4.15-rc8 was found to be vulnerable to a NULL pointer dereference bug in the __netlink_ns_capable() function in the net/netlink/af_netlink.c file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The vcpu_scan_ioapic function in arch/x86/kvm/x86.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.2 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and BUG) via crafted system calls that. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
kvm_pv_send_ipi in arch/x86/kvm/lapic.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.2 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and BUG) via crafted system calls that reach a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Since Linux kernel version 3.2, the mremap() syscall performs TLB flushes after dropping pagetable locks. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.19. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
In the Linux kernel before 4.17, a local attacker able to set attributes on an xfs filesystem could make this filesystem non-operational until the next mount by triggering an unchecked error. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The Linux kernel, as used in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Ubuntu 18.10, allows local users to obtain names of files in which they would not normally be able to access via an overlayfs mount inside of a user. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Linux kernel, as used in Ubuntu 18.10 and when booted with UEFI Secure Boot enabled, allows privileged local users to bypass intended Secure Boot restrictions and execute untrusted code by. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux kernel through 4.19, a use-after-free can occur due to a race condition between fanout_add from setsockopt and bind on an AF_PACKET socket. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
drivers/tty/n_tty.c in the Linux kernel before 4.14.11 allows local attackers (who are able to access pseudo terminals) to hang/block further usage of any pseudo terminal devices due to an EXTPROC. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel 4.14.x, 4.15.x, 4.16.x, 4.17.x, and 4.18.x before 4.18.13, faulty computation of numeric bounds in the BPF verifier permits out-of-bounds memory accesses because. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
Qemu has a Buffer Overflow in pcnet_receive in hw/net/pcnet.c because an incorrect integer data type is used. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A missing address check in the callers of the show_opcodes() in the Linux kernel allows an attacker to dump the kernel memory at an arbitrary kernel address into the dmesg log. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The Linux kernel 4.14.67 mishandles certain interaction among XFRM Netlink messages, IPPROTO_AH packets, and IPPROTO_IP packets, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
arch/arm64/kvm/guest.c in KVM in the Linux kernel before 4.18.12 on the arm64 platform mishandles the KVM_SET_ON_REG ioctl. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in the proc_pid_stack function in fs/proc/base.c in the Linux kernel through 4.18.11. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A security flaw was found in the chap_server_compute_md5() function in the ISCSI target code in the Linux kernel in a way an authentication request from an ISCSI initiator is processed. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.8. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a race condition while accessing num of clients in DIAG services can lead to out of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, userspace can request ION cache maintenance on a secure ION buffer for which the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while relocating kernel images with a specially crafted boot image, an out of bounds access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, asynchronous callbacks received a pointer to a callers local variable. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, lack of length validation check for value received from caller function used as an array. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, lack of length validation check for value received from firmware can lead to OOB access in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while processing start bss request from upper layer, out of bounds read occurs if ssid. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
The Linux kernel before 4.8 allows local users to bypass ASLR on setuid programs (such as /bin/su) because install_exec_creds() is called too late in load_elf_binary() in fs/binfmt_elf.c, and thus. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). Public exploit code available.
A heap data infoleak in multiple locations including L2CAP_PARSE_CONF_RSP was found in the Linux kernel before 5.1-rc1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A heap address information leak while using L2CAP_GET_CONF_OPT was discovered in the Linux kernel before 5.1-rc1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux Kernel before versions 4.20.8 and 4.19.21 a use-after-free error in the "sctp_sendmsg()" function (net/sctp/socket.c) when handling SCTP_SENDALL flag can be exploited to corrupt memory. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in aio_poll() in fs/aio.c in the Linux kernel through 5.0.4. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Flatpak before 1.0.8, 1.1.x and 1.2.x before 1.2.4, and 1.3.x before 1.3.1 allows a sandbox bypass. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
In the Linux kernel through 5.0.2, the function inotify_update_existing_watch() in fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c neglects to call fsnotify_put_mark() with IN_MASK_CREATE after. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Memory Leak vulnerability could allow attackers to exhaust available memory leading to denial of service.
The KVM implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.20.5 has an Information Leak. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The KVM implementation in the Linux kernel through 4.20.5 has a Use-after-Free. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.12, net/ipv4/netfilter/nf_nat_snmp_basic_main.c in the SNMP NAT module has insufficient ASN.1 length checks (aka an array index error), making out-of-bounds read and. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.5, attackers can trigger a drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_msghandler.c use-after-free and OOPS by arranging for certain simultaneous execution of the code, as demonstrated by. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
A memory leak in the kernel_read_file function in fs/exec.c in the Linux kernel through 4.20.11 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption) by triggering vfs_read failures. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel through 4.20.11, af_alg_release() in crypto/af_alg.c neglects to set a NULL value for a certain structure member, which leads to a use-after-free in sockfs_setattr. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In the Linux kernel before 4.20.8, kvm_ioctl_create_device in virt/kvm/kvm_main.c mishandles reference counting because of a race condition, leading to a use-after-free. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
kernel/bpf/verifier.c in the Linux kernel before 4.20.6 performs undesirable out-of-bounds speculation on pointer arithmetic in various cases, including cases of different branches with different. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.6).
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel in the function hid_debug_events_read() in drivers/hid/hid-debug.c file which may enter an infinite loop with certain parameters passed from a userspace. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The mincore() implementation in mm/mincore.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.13 allowed local attackers to observe page cache access patterns of other processes on the same system, potentially. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in can_can_gw_rcv in net/can/gw.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.13. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.18.11. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
SQLite before 3.25.3, when the FTS3 extension is enabled, encounters an integer overflow (and resultant buffer overflow) for FTS3 queries that occur after crafted changes to FTS3 shadow tables,. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Un-trusted pointer de-reference issue by accessing a variable which is already freed. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, if there is an unlikely memory alloc failure for the secure pool in boot, it can result in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Possible buffer overflow in TX and RX FIFOs of microcontroller in camera subsystem used to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, When allocating heap using user supplied size, Possible heap overflow vulnerability due to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, A use after free condition and an out-of-bounds access can occur in the DIAG driver. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Error in kernel observed while accessing freed mask pointers after reallocating memory for. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Anyone can execute proptrigger.sh which will lead to change in properties. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Exposing the hashed content in /etc/passwd may lead to security issue. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Buffer overread may occur due to non-null terminated strings while processing vsprintf in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Possibility of accessing out of bound vector index When updating some GNSS configurations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, A use after free condition can occur in the SPS driver which can lead to error in kernel. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A flaw was found in the Linux kernel's NFS41+ subsystem. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.19.9. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability could allow attackers to cause denial of service by exhausting system resources.
The userfaultfd implementation in the Linux kernel before 4.19.7 mishandles access control for certain UFFDIO_ ioctl calls, as demonstrated by allowing local users to write data into holes in a tmpfs. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, Possible buffer overflow in WLAN function due to lack of input validation in values received. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.19.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7). This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
In the Linux kernel through 4.19.6, a local user could exploit a use-after-free in the ALSA driver by supplying a malicious USB Sound device (with zero interfaces) that is mishandled in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a use after free issue in WLAN host driver can lead to device reboot. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a memory corruption can occur in kernel due to improper check in callers count parameter in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, buffer overflow occur may occur in display handlers due to lack of checking in buffer size. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a possible buffer overflow in display function due to lack of buffer length. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a possible buffer overflow in debugfs module due to lack of check in size of input. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while list traversal in LPM status driver for clean up, use after free vulnerability may. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, existing checks in place on partition size are incomplete and can lead to heap overwrite. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, due to a race condition, a Use After Free condition can occur in Audio. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a partition name-check variable is not reset for every iteration which may cause improper. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper mounting lead to device node and executable to be run from /dsp/ which presents a. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, the UPnP daemon should not be running out of box because it enables port forwarding without. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while processing fastboot flash command, memory leak or unexpected behavior may occur due to. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a potential heap overflow and memory corruption due to improper error handling in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, memory allocated is automatically released by the kernel if the 'probe' function fails with. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /systemrw/. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper configuration of dev nodes may lead to potential security issue. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper configuration of daemons may lead to unprivileged access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper configuration of script may lead to unprivileged access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Improper Privilege Management vulnerability could allow attackers to escalate privileges to gain unauthorized elevated access.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /persist/. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /cache/ which. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /data/ which. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper access control can lead to device node and executable to be run from /firmware/. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Permission Assignment vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to misconfigured permissions.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a security concern with default privileged access to ADB and debug-fs. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Default Permissions vulnerability could allow attackers to access resources due to overly permissive default settings.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, freeing device memory in driver probe failure will result in double free issue in power. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, improper input validation can lead to an improper access to already freed up dci client. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, there is a possible Use-after-free issue in Media Codec process. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases(Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while processing a fast Initial link setup (FILS) connection request, integer overflow may. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A security flaw was found in the Linux kernel in a way that the cleancache subsystem clears an inode after the final file truncation (removal). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
The Linux kernel before 4.15-rc8 was found to be vulnerable to a NULL pointer dereference bug in the __netlink_ns_capable() function in the net/netlink/af_netlink.c file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The vcpu_scan_ioapic function in arch/x86/kvm/x86.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.2 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and BUG) via crafted system calls that. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
kvm_pv_send_ipi in arch/x86/kvm/lapic.c in the Linux kernel through 4.19.2 allows local users to cause a denial of service (NULL pointer dereference and BUG) via crafted system calls that reach a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Since Linux kernel version 3.2, the mremap() syscall performs TLB flushes after dropping pagetable locks. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel through 4.19. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
In the Linux kernel before 4.17, a local attacker able to set attributes on an xfs filesystem could make this filesystem non-operational until the next mount by triggering an unchecked error. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
The Linux kernel, as used in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Ubuntu 18.10, allows local users to obtain names of files in which they would not normally be able to access via an overlayfs mount inside of a user. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Linux kernel, as used in Ubuntu 18.10 and when booted with UEFI Secure Boot enabled, allows privileged local users to bypass intended Secure Boot restrictions and execute untrusted code by. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
In the Linux kernel through 4.19, a use-after-free can occur due to a race condition between fanout_add from setsockopt and bind on an AF_PACKET socket. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
drivers/tty/n_tty.c in the Linux kernel before 4.14.11 allows local attackers (who are able to access pseudo terminals) to hang/block further usage of any pseudo terminal devices due to an EXTPROC. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel 4.14.x, 4.15.x, 4.16.x, 4.17.x, and 4.18.x before 4.18.13, faulty computation of numeric bounds in the BPF verifier permits out-of-bounds memory accesses because. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
Qemu has a Buffer Overflow in pcnet_receive in hw/net/pcnet.c because an incorrect integer data type is used. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A missing address check in the callers of the show_opcodes() in the Linux kernel allows an attacker to dump the kernel memory at an arbitrary kernel address into the dmesg log. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
The Linux kernel 4.14.67 mishandles certain interaction among XFRM Netlink messages, IPPROTO_AH packets, and IPPROTO_IP packets, which allows local users to cause a denial of service (memory. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.4), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
arch/arm64/kvm/guest.c in KVM in the Linux kernel before 4.18.12 on the arm64 platform mishandles the KVM_SET_ON_REG ioctl. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An issue was discovered in the proc_pid_stack function in fs/proc/base.c in the Linux kernel through 4.18.11. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
A security flaw was found in the chap_server_compute_md5() function in the ISCSI target code in the Linux kernel in a way an authentication request from an ISCSI initiator is processed. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 4.8. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Incorrect Authorization vulnerability could allow attackers to bypass authorization checks to access restricted resources.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, a race condition while accessing num of clients in DIAG services can lead to out of. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, userspace can request ION cache maintenance on a secure ION buffer for which the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while relocating kernel images with a specially crafted boot image, an out of bounds access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, asynchronous callbacks received a pointer to a callers local variable. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This NULL Pointer Dereference vulnerability could allow attackers to crash the application by dereferencing a null pointer.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, lack of length validation check for value received from caller function used as an array. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, lack of length validation check for value received from firmware can lead to OOB access in. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In all android releases (Android for MSM, Firefox OS for MSM, QRD Android) from CAF using the linux kernel, while processing start bss request from upper layer, out of bounds read occurs if ssid. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.