Imagemagick

In RestoreMSCWarning() of /coders/pdf.c there are several areas where calls to GetPixelIndex() could result in values outside the range of representable for the unsigned char type. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Due to a missing check for 0 value of `replace_extent`, it is possible for offset `p` to overflow in SubstituteString(), causing potential impact to application availability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

A flaw was found in ImageMagick in MagickCore/quantum.h. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

A flaw was found in ImageMagick in MagickCore/statistic.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

A flaw was found in ImageMagick in MagickCore/segment.c. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In /MagickCore/statistic.c, there are several areas in ApplyEvaluateOperator() where a size_t cast should have been a ssize_t cast, which causes out-of-range values under some circumstances when a. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.

A flaw was found in ImageMagick in MagickCore/resize.c. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

A flaw was found in ImageMagick in coders/hdr.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.

WritePALMImage() in /coders/palm.c used size_t casts in several areas of a calculation which could lead to values outside the range of representable type `unsigned long` undefined behavior when a. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.

In `GammaImage()` of /MagickCore/enhance.c, depending on the `gamma` value, it's possible to trigger a divide-by-zero condition when a crafted input file is processed by ImageMagick. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

In IntensityCompare() of /MagickCore/quantize.c, a double value was being casted to int and returned, which in some cases caused a value outside the range of type `int` to be returned. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Integer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to cause unexpected behavior through arithmetic overflow.

Stack-based buffer overflow and unconditional jump in ReadXPMImage in coders/xpm.c in ImageMagick 7.0.10-7. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.10-34 allows Division by Zero in OptimizeLayerFrames in MagickCore/layer.c, which may cause a denial of service. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.9-27 through 7.0.10-17 has a heap-based buffer over-read in BlobToStringInfo in MagickCore/string.c during TIFF image decoding. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.9, an out-of-bounds read vulnerability exists within the ReadHEICImageByID function in coders\heic.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.9-7 Q16, there is a use-after-free in the function MngInfoDiscardObject of coders/png.c, related to ReadOneMNGImage. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function WritePNGImage of coders/png.c, related to Magick_png_write_raw_profile and LocaleNCompare. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer overflow in the function WriteSGIImage of coders/sgi.c. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.

ImageMagick before 7.0.9-0 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service because XML_PARSE_HUGE is not properly restricted in coders/svg.c, related to SVG and libxml2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

In ImageMagick before 7.0.8-62, TraceBezier in MagickCore/draw.c has a use-after-free. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-55 has a use-after-free in DestroyStringInfo in MagickCore/string.c because the error manager is mishandled in coders/jpeg.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-54 has a heap-based buffer overflow in ReadPSInfo in coders/ps.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability could allow attackers to write data beyond allocated buffer boundaries leading to code execution or crashes.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 has a memory leak in coders/dot.c, as demonstrated by PingImage in MagickCore/constitute.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 has a memory leak in Huffman2DEncodeImage in coders/ps3.c, as demonstrated by WritePS3Image. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-40 has a memory leak in Huffman2DEncodeImage in coders/ps2.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-35 has a memory leak in coders/dot.c, as demonstrated by AcquireMagickMemory in MagickCore/memory.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-35 has a memory leak in coders/dps.c, as demonstrated by XCreateImage. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-35 has a memory leak in magick/xwindow.c, related to XCreateImage. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

WriteTIFFImage in coders/tiff.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 Q16 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (application crash resulting from a heap-based buffer over-read) via a crafted TIFF image. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

coders/mat.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 Q16 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (use-after-free and application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact by crafting a Matlab. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

The XWD image (X Window System window dumping file) parsing component in ImageMagick 7.0.8-41 Q16 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (application crash resulting from an out-of-bounds. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In ImageMagick 7.x before 7.0.8-41 and 6.x before 6.9.10-41, there is a divide-by-zero vulnerability in the MeanShiftImage function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

In ImageMagick 7.x before 7.0.8-42 and 6.x before 6.9.10-42, there is a use after free vulnerability in the UnmapBlob function that allows an attacker to cause a denial of service by sending a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.1-0 to 7.0.8-54 Q16 allows Division by Zero in RemoveDuplicateLayers in MagickCore/layer.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16, ComplexImages in MagickCore/fourier.c has a heap-based buffer over-read because of incorrect calls to GetCacheViewVirtualPixels. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has memory leaks at AcquireMagickMemory because of a wand/mogrify.c error. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has memory leaks at AcquireMagickMemory because of an error in MagickWand/mogrify.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has memory leaks at AcquireMagickMemory because of mishandling the NoSuchImage error in CLIListOperatorImages in MagickWand/operation.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer overflow in MagickCore/fourier.c in ComplexImage. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer overflow at MagickCore/statistic.c in EvaluateImages because of mishandling rows. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a stack-based buffer overflow at coders/pnm.c in WritePNMImage because of off-by-one errors. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a stack-based buffer overflow at coders/pnm.c in WritePNMImage because of a misplaced strncpy and an off-by-one error. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a stack-based buffer overflow at coders/pnm.c in WritePNMImage because of a misplaced assignment. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer over-read in MagickCore/composite.c in CompositeImage. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer over-read in MagickCore/fourier.c in ComplexImages. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has memory leaks in AcquireMagickMemory because of an AnnotateImage error. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer overflow at MagickCore/statistic.c in EvaluateImages because of mishandling columns. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer over-read at MagickCore/pixel-accessor.h in GetPixelChannel. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer overflow at MagickCore/pixel-accessor.h in SetPixelViaPixelInfo because of a MagickCore/enhance.c error. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer over-read at MagickCore/threshold.c in AdaptiveThresholdImage because a height of zero is mishandled. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has direct memory leaks in AcquireMagickMemory because of an error in CLIListOperatorImages in MagickWand/operation.c for a NULL value. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-50 Q16 has a heap-based buffer over-read at MagickCore/threshold.c in AdaptiveThresholdImage because a width of zero is mishandled. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-50 has a memory leak vulnerability in the function ReadPSImage in coders/ps.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-50 has an integer overflow vulnerability in the function TIFFSeekCustomStream in coders/tiff.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-50 has a "use of uninitialized value" vulnerability in the function ReadCUTImage in coders/cut.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use of Uninitialized Resource vulnerability could allow attackers to access uninitialized memory causing crashes or information disclosure.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-50 has a memory leak vulnerability in the function ReadVIFFImage in coders/viff.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick before 7.0.8-50 has a memory leak vulnerability in the function ReadBMPImage in coders/bmp.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-34 has a "use of uninitialized value" vulnerability in the SyncImageSettings function in MagickCore/image.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-34 has a "use of uninitialized value" vulnerability in the ReadPANGOImage function in coders/pango.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-34 has a "use of uninitialized value" vulnerability in the WriteJP2Image function in coders/jp2.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-34 has a memory leak in the ReadPCLImage function in coders/pcl.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.8-34 has a memory leak vulnerability in the WriteDPXImage function in coders/dpx.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

A NULL pointer dereference in the function ReadPANGOImage in coders/pango.c and the function ReadVIDImage in coders/vid.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-34 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.

An off-by-one read vulnerability was discovered in ImageMagick before version 7.0.7-28 in the formatIPTCfromBuffer function in coders/meta.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-40 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function WritePNMImage of coders/pnm.c, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or possibly information. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-43 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function WriteTIFFImage of coders/tiff.c, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or possibly information. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ReadXWDImage in coders/xwd.c in the XWD image parsing component of ImageMagick 7.0.8-41 Q16 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (divide-by-zero error) by crafting an XWD image file in which. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

The cineon parsing component in ImageMagick 7.0.8-26 Q16 allows attackers to cause a denial-of-service (uncontrolled resource consumption) by crafting a Cineon image with an incorrect claimed image. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

LocaleLowercase in MagickCore/locale.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.8-32 allows out-of-bounds access, leading to a SIGSEGV. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-36 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function WriteTIFFImage of coders/tiff.c, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or information disclosure. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-36 Q16, there is a memory leak in the function SVGKeyValuePairs of coders/svg.c, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service via a crafted image file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-35 Q16, there is a stack-based buffer overflow in the function PopHexPixel of coders/ps.c, which allows an attacker to cause a denial of service or code execution via a crafted. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick before 7.0.8-25, some memory leaks exist in DecodeImage in coders/pcd.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In ImageMagick before 7.0.8-25, a memory leak exists in WriteDIBImage in coders/dib.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick before 7.0.8-25 and GraphicsMagick through 1.3.31, several memory leaks exist in WritePDFImage in coders/pdf.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In ImageMagick before 7.0.8-25, a memory leak exists in ReadSIXELImage in coders/sixel.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In ImageMagick before 7.0.8-25, a memory leak exists in WritePSDChannel in coders/psd.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

In coders/bmp.c in ImageMagick before 7.0.8-16, an input file can result in an infinite loop and hang, with high CPU and memory consumption. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

There is a memory leak in the function WriteMSLImage of coders/msl.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-13 Q16, and the function ProcessMSLScript of coders/msl.c in GraphicsMagick before 1.3.31. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-13 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the EncodeImage function of coders/pict.c, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted SVG image file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-13 Q16, there is an infinite loop in the ReadBMPImage function of the coders/bmp.c file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.8-13 Q16, there is a heap-based buffer over-read in the SVGStripString function of coders/svg.c, which allows attackers to cause a denial of service via a crafted SVG image file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

ImageMagick 7.0.7-28 has a memory leak vulnerability in WritePCXImage in coders/pcx.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.7-28 has a memory leak vulnerability in ReadBGRImage in coders/bgr.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.7-28 has a memory leak vulnerability in WritePDBImage in coders/pdb.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

ImageMagick 7.0.7-28 has a memory leak vulnerability in WriteSGIImage in coders/sgi.c. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

In ImageMagick 7.0.7-29 and earlier, a memory leak in the formatIPTCfromBuffer function in coders/meta.c was found. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

In ImageMagick 7.0.7-29 and earlier, a missing NULL check in ReadOneJNGImage in coders/png.c allows an attacker to cause a denial of service (WriteBlob assertion failure and application exit) via a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.

There is an excessive memory allocation issue in the functions ReadBMPImage of coders/bmp.c and ReadDIBImage of coders/dib.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-11, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Allocation of Resources Without Limits vulnerability could allow attackers to exhaust system resources through uncontrolled allocation.

There is a missing check for length in the functions ReadDCMImage of coders/dcm.c and ReadPICTImage of coders/pict.c in ImageMagick 7.0.8-11, which allows remote attackers to cause a denial of. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Buffer Overflow vulnerability could allow attackers to corrupt memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.