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Online Examination System EUVDEUVD-2026-98293

| CVE-2026-108970 MEDIUM
SQL Injection (CWE-89)
2026-10-13 VulDB GHSA-57h7-65gm-77hx
5.5
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach public registration form
  2. Exploit
    Inject SQL via 'branch' parameter
  3. Execution
    Query executes in addNewUser
  4. Impact
    Read/alter examination database records

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the publicly reachable registration form of itsmeravitejak Online-Examination-System be exposed and processing user input through MySQLDB::addNewUser; the attacker manipulates the 'branch' argument to inject SQL. No authentication, no user interaction, and no non-default configuration are required - the registration form is intended to be pre-authentication. The practical limiting factor is exposure and impact scope: the product must be deployed and internet-reachable, and CVSS impact is rated Low across confidentiality/integrity/availability, implying partial rather than full database compromise. Because the project uses rolling releases with no vendor fix, there is no patched version to upgrade to; mitigation depends on input sanitization or restricting access to the instance.

Impact

Signals are consistent but point to a genuinely modest real-world risk. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) describes a remotely reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated SQL injection, which is credible because the flaw sits in the public registration form (MySQLDB::addNewUser) where no prior authentication is expected. However, the impact metrics are all Low (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L) and scope is unchanged, yielding a 6.9 base score rather than a critical rating. The CVSS vector carries E:P (Proof-of-Concept) and POC availability is confirmed, matching the exploit reference, but there is NO CISA KEV listing and NO EPSS score supplied, so there is no evidence of widespread or automated exploitation. The dominant risk-reducer is product prevalence: this is a single-developer GitHub project under a rolling-release model, not enterprise software. Net: a real, publicly-exploitable SQLi worth patching on any live instance, but not an organizational priority driven by exploitation pressure - treat it as 'exploit exists against an obscure product' rather than an actively-weaponized threat.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote, unauthenticated attacker submits the Online-Examination-System registration form and injects crafted SQL into the 'branch' parameter, which MySQLDB::addNewUser passes unsanitized into a query in include/database.php. A public proof-of-concept exists (linked from the project's GitHub issue tracker), so an attacker can read or tamper with limited database contents without needing credentials or user interaction.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 13, 2026

Unauthenticated SQL injection in the registration form of itsmeravitejak Online-Examination-System lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through the 'branch' parameter, reaching the MySQLDB::addNewUser function in include/database.php. Because the registration form is intended to be reachable before authentication and requires no user interaction or non-default configuration, any internet-exposed deployment is directly attackable; impact is rated Low across confidentiality, integrity, and availability in our assessment, implying partial rather than full database compromise. Publicly available exploit code exists (a linked GitHub issue) and the maintainer has not responded, so no vendor-released patch or fixed version is available for this rolling-release project.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch or fixed version is identified at time of analysis: the maintainer was notified via the public GitHub issue (https://github.com/itsmeravitejak/Online-Examination-System/issues/3) and has not responded, and the project's rolling-release model means there is no version to upgrade to. The correct fix is to rewrite MySQLDB::addNewUser in include/database.php to use parameterized prepared statements for the 'branch' argument (and audit sibling methods in the same class for the same pattern), enforcing an allow-list of expected branch values as a second layer. Until that upstream fix is merged and pulled, operators should apply compensating controls: restrict access to the registration endpoint (and ideally the entire instance) to trusted networks or authenticated reverse-proxy access, accepting the trade-off that this blocks legitimate public self-registration; deploy a WAF or virtual-patch rule targeting SQL metacharacters in the 'branch' registration parameter, accepting the risk of false positives on unusual branch names and bypass via encoding tricks; and run the application against a low-privilege MySQL account limited to the exam database so that residual injection cannot pivot, with the trade-off that mis-scoped grants may break legitimate features. Because exploit code is publicly available, prioritize these controls on any internet-reachable deployment.

Affected VersionsENISA

Online-Examination-System e6208e630b14657999bbfe4c9912302d2a1e2449

Affects your stack

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Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The affected component is a PHP/MySQL web application (Online-Examination-System) whose data layer is implemented in include/database.php. Within the MySQLDB class, the addNewUser method constructs SQL for the user-registration workflow, and the user-supplied 'branch' argument is incorporated into that statement without proper neutralization, the classic CWE-89 improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command. Because the vulnerable function is invoked from the pre-authentication registration form, the injection point sits on the anonymous attack surface rather than behind a login. Successful injection gives the attacker influence over the query executed against the MySQL backend; per our assessment the consequence is Low confidentiality, Low integrity, and Low availability impact (partial data exposure or modification, not wholesale database takeover). The CVSS v4.0 vector supplied by the reporter includes PR:N and UI:N, and our independently assessed CVSS:3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L) agrees that no privileges or interaction are required. Note that the product ships via a rolling-release strategy, so no discrete version identifiers exist for affected versus fixed builds.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
vuln.today AI 7.3 HIGH

Registration form is pre-authentication so PR:N and UI:N; network-reachable low-complexity SQLi with partial, same-scope CIA impact gives C:L/I:L/A:L.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
CVSS changed
Oct 13, 2026 - 06:22 NVD
6.9 (MEDIUM) 5.5 (MEDIUM)
CVE Published
Oct 13, 2026 - 05:30 cve.org
MEDIUM 6.9

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability was detected in itsmeravitejak Online-Examination-System up to e6208e630b14657999bbfe4c9912302d2a1e2449. This affects the function MySQLDB::addNewUser of the file include/database.php of the component Registration Form. Performing a manipulation of the argument branch results in sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit is now public and may be used. This product adopts a rolling release strategy to maintain continuous delivery. Therefore, version details for affected or updated releases cannot be specified. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 66% exploitable
Prevalence
Rare
single-developer GitHub project, no enterprise or production footprint
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.

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