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Mooncake Store EUVDEUVD-2026-93404

| CVE-2026-106041 MEDIUM
Missing Authorization (CWE-862)
2026-10-06 disclosure@vulncheck.com GHSA-whqj-m6f3-5p4j
6.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: vulncheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach exposed Mooncake master RPC endpoint
  2. Delivery
    Invoke NotifyOffloadSuccess without authentication
  3. Exploit
    Mount LOCAL_DISK segment with self-chosen client UUID
  4. Execution
    Attach replicas pointing at attacker endpoints
  5. Impact
    Serve poisoned disk-tier reads and fake key existence

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization checks on every request
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

No authentication or authorization is enforced on the NotifyOffloadSuccess RPC (CWE-862), so exploitation requires only network access to the Mooncake Store master service RPC endpoint on a vulnerable build (through 0.3.13.post1) in its default state - the PR:N/AC:L vector confirms no special configuration is needed. Concrete prerequisites the attacker must control: (1) network reachability to the master RPC listener, and (2) attacker-controlled storage endpoints to host the poisoned LOCAL_DISK replica data referenced by the injected replicas. Primary limiting factor is exposure: if the master RPC port is confined to a trusted internal inference-cluster network rather than internet-facing, the realistic attack surface is sharply reduced; impact is also inherently bounded to cache data poisoning and forged key existence (integrity/availability of cached reads), not confidentiality or host compromise.

Impact

The input CVSS 4.0 vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N, base 6.9/Medium) describes a remote, low-complexity, unauthenticated attack (PR:N) requiring no user interaction, but with deliberately constrained impact: no confidentiality loss (VC:N) and only LOW integrity and availability impact (VI:L/VA:L). This is consistent with the description - the flaw lets an attacker poison disk-tier cache reads and forge key existence, i.e. a data-integrity problem in a cache tier, not full system compromise or data theft. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV entry, and no POC are present in the provided data, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no quantitative exploitation-probability signal to weigh; no SSVC decision was supplied either. Net assessment: the vulnerability is cheap and easy to trigger wherever the Mooncake master RPC is network-reachable, but its bounded impact (cache poisoning / fake key existence rather than RCE or data exfiltration) keeps it a moderate rather than top-tier priority. The practical risk is dominated by exposure - if the master RPC is only reachable on a trusted internal cluster network, real-world risk drops substantially below what the AV:N vector implies. Note: no fix/patched version is present in the provided references, so remediation state cannot be confirmed from this data.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with network reach to the Mooncake Store master service sends a crafted NotifyOffloadSuccess RPC without any authentication, mounting a LOCAL_DISK segment under a self-chosen client UUID and attaching replicas that point at attacker-controlled endpoints. Subsequent disk-tier reads for those keys return attacker-supplied (poisoned) data and the store falsely reports that attacker-chosen keys exist, corrupting the KV cache served to LLM inference clients. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; low attack complexity (AC:L) means a simple RPC client is sufficient once the endpoint is reachable.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 06, 2026

Missing authorization in the Mooncake Store master (through 0.3.13.post1) lets unauthenticated remote attackers inject completed LOCAL_DISK replicas via the NotifyOffloadSuccess RPC, poisoning disk-tier cache reads and forging key existence. An attacker mounts a local disk segment with a self-chosen client UUID and attaches replicas pointing at attacker-controlled endpoints, degrading integrity and availability of cached data without exposing confidentiality or compromising the host, consistent with the assessed CVSS 3.1 vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, and real-world risk depends heavily on whether the master RPC endpoint is reachable beyond a trusted internal network.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patched version is identified in the available intelligence at time of analysis, so operators should confirm current fix status against the Mooncake project issue at https://github.com/kvcache-ai/Mooncake/issues/4479 and the VulnCheck advisory at https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/mooncake-store-through-0.3.13-post1-missing-authorization-via-notifyoffloadsuccess-rpc before upgrading. Until a fix is published, the most effective compensating control is to remove the master RPC listener from untrusted reach: bind it to an internal interface, place it behind firewall rules or a service mesh that enforces mTLS and authorization, and never expose the master RPC port directly to the internet or to shared multi-tenant networks, accepting that legitimate cross-cluster or multi-tenant clients will need to be routed through the authenticated proxy or explicitly allow-listed. Where the architecture permits, require authentication at the RPC boundary (for example a reverse proxy terminating client certificates, since the vulnerable RPC itself performs no authorization checks) and monitor master logs for NotifyOffloadSuccess calls carrying unexpected client UUIDs or replica endpoints pointing outside known storage nodes, as such anomalies are a reliable indicator of attempted cache poisoning. Restricting disk-tier writes and validating replica endpoint ownership at the storage layer add defense in depth, at the cost of extra configuration and possible compatibility issues with existing segment registration workflows.

Affected VersionsENISA

mooncake 0 ≤0.3.13.post1

Affected Packages

euvd mooncake no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Mooncake is a distributed KVCache store (kvcache-ai/Mooncake) whose master service coordinates segment registration and replica placement across storage tiers, including local disk. The vulnerable routine is the NotifyOffloadSuccess RPC implemented in mooncake-store/src/master_service.cpp (around lines 7365-7431 at the referenced commit), which processes replica-state updates without enforcing caller authorization - the classic CWE-862 Missing Authorization pattern. Because the RPC trusts offload-success notifications, any party able to reach the master RPC listener can register a LOCAL_DISK segment under an arbitrary, self-chosen client UUID and then attach replica descriptors that reference attacker-controlled endpoints. Subsequent reads served from the disk tier can return poisoned data, and key-existence checks can be spoofed. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) and the independently assessed 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L) both indicate an unauthenticated, network-reachable, low-complexity attack whose impact is bounded to low integrity and low availability effects on cache contents rather than confidentiality loss or host compromise.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (vulncheck) PRIMARY 6.9 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 6.5 MEDIUM

Unauthenticated network RPC with no missing-auth check gives AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N; impact is limited to cache data poisoning and fake key existence, so I:L and A:L with C:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (vulncheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: vulncheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Mooncake Store master through 0.3.13.post1 contains a missing authorization vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to inject completed LOCAL_DISK replicas through the NotifyOffloadSuccess RPC. Attackers can mount a local disk segment with a self-chosen client UUID, then attach replicas pointing at attacker-controlled endpoints to serve poisoned disk-tier reads and fake key existence.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 76% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche LLM KV-cache serving infrastructure, limited production deployment footprint
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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