Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach public signup.php endpoint
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DeliverySubmit registration form
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ExploitInject SQL via fname parameter
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ExecutionDatabase executes malicious query
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ImpactExtract or modify stored data
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | No special conditions - remote unauthenticated exploitation against a reachable instance of girishsaraf Online-Appointment-Booking-System, targeting the public registration handler at signup.php by manipulating the 'fname' parameter. The only prerequisite is network access to a deployed instance exposing the signup page; no authentication, no user interaction, and no non-default configuration is required (PR:N/UI:N/AC:L). The practical limiting factor is not exploit difficulty but exposure: the product is a niche open-source application with very few public deployments, and no official patched release is available because the project ships as a rolling release and the maintainer has not responded. |
| Impact | Signals are mixed and point to a genuine-but-contained issue. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) confirms remote, unauthenticated, low-complexity exploitation with no user interaction, and CWE-89 SQL injection on a pre-authentication registration endpoint is inherently attractive to attackers. However, impact is rated Low across confidentiality, integrity, and availability (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L), yielding a medium base score of 6.9 rather than critical, which suggests either a constrained injection context or limited data exposure in this specific application. Exploit maturity is Proof-of-Concept (E:P) and public exploit code exists, but the issue is NOT in CISA KEV and no EPSS score was provided, so there is no evidence of active or widespread exploitation. The decisive risk-limiting factor is deployment footprint: this is a small open-source GitHub project, not enterprise software, so real-world exposure is minimal despite the easy exploitability. No EPSS score and no SSVC decision data were supplied; absent those, this is best treated as a low-priority, easily-exploited flaw in an obscure product - patch or decommission if you run it, but it is not an urgent fleet-wide emergency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote, unauthenticated attacker submits the public user-registration form (signup.php) and injects crafted SQL into the 'fname' parameter, which is concatenated unsanitized into a database query. Because public proof-of-concept exploit code already exists, an attacker can copy it to enumerate, read, or alter database contents without credentials. The low attack complexity and absence of required user interaction make opportunistic scanning and automated exploitation straightforward against any exposed instance. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 05, 2026
Unauthenticated SQL injection in the signup.php registration handler of girishsaraf Online-Appointment-Booking-System lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through the 'fname' form parameter, potentially reading or altering the application's backend database. The flaw carries a CVSS v4.0 base score of 6.9 (CVSS:3.1 equivalent assessed as 6.9, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N with low confidentiality, integrity and availability impact) and publicly available exploit code exists, though there is no evidence of confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV). No official patch is available: the project ships as a rolling release, version information is unavailable, and the maintainer was notified via GitHub issue #9 but has not responded, so the practical risk is driven mainly by exposure of the niche open-source application rather than by attack complexity.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis: the maintainer was informed through GitHub issue 9 (https://github.com/girishsaraf/Online-Appointment-Booking-System/issues/9) but has not responded, and the project's rolling release model means no fixed version number can be cited. The definitive fix is a code change in signup.php that replaces string-built SQL with parameterized/prepared statements (PDO or mysqli bind parameters) for the 'fname' argument and all other registration inputs; upstream users should track the repository at https://github.com/girishsaraf/Online-Appointment-Booking-System/ for such a commit and apply or vendor it directly. Until then, operators should apply compensating controls with their trade-offs in mind: block or restrict access to signup.php at the reverse proxy or web server (e.g., allow only trusted IP ranges or take the registration page offline) at the cost of disabling self-service sign-up, or if registration must stay online, deploy WAF rules that reject SQL metacharacters and UNION/boolean patterns in the 'fname' parameter, accepting that signature-based filtering is bypassable and can cause false positives on legitimate names. Additionally, enforce strict server-side validation and length/charset allowlisting for 'fname' before it reaches the database, and run the application with a least-privilege database account granted only the DML rights it needs and no file or administrative privileges, which limits blast radius if injection succeeds but cannot repair the underlying flaw. Because public exploit code exists, treat exposed instances as high-priority for one of the above controls rather than waiting on an upstream fix; vulnerability details and updates are tracked at https://vuldb.com/vuln/413617.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected component is a PHP web application, girishsaraf Online-Appointment-Booking-System, whose public registration handler in signup.php builds database queries from user-supplied form input without proper parameterization. The root cause class is CWE-89 (SQL Injection): the 'fname' parameter is concatenated or otherwise interpolated into an SQL statement, allowing an attacker to alter the query's structure via crafted input. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:girishsaraf:online-appointment-booking-system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* uses a wildcard version, reflecting that the project follows a rolling release model where no discrete affected or fixed version has been published; the description pins the analyzed snapshot to commit f427b4757128ca253d33d0cc4e87bbb9c999a4d5. CVSS v4.0 metrics show AT:N, PR:N and UI:N (no attack prerequisites, no authentication, no user interaction) with E:P, meaning proof-of-concept exploit maturity is already reflected in the score; all impact sub-metrics are Low (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L) and subsequent-system impact is None, which is consistent with the independent assessment of a genuine but contained issue against a sparsely deployed application.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Unauthenticated pre-login signup endpoint gives AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N; SQLi allows limited read/write but impact rated Low across C/I/A, matching the input's VC:L/VI:L/VA:L.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A security flaw has been discovered in girishsaraf Online-Appointment-Booking-System up to f427b4757128ca253d33d0cc4e87bbb9c999a4d5. Impacted is an unknown function of the file signup.php of the component Registration Handler. The manipulation of the argument fname results in sql injection. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been released to the public and may be used for attacks. This product implements a rolling release for ongoing delivery, which means version information for affected or updated releases is unavailable. The project was informed of the problem early through an issue report but has not responded yet.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
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NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB