Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft URL with XSS payload
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DeliveryLure victim to click link
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ExploitReflected parameter renders unsanitized script
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ExecutionScript executes in site origin
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ImpactHijack session or perform actions as victim
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires an unauthenticated attacker to deliver a crafted request/URL to the WPS Limit Login plugin (versions <= 1.5.9.3) that reflects attacker-controlled input into a page without proper output encoding, AND a victim (site visitor or logged-in administrator) must interact with that link for the payload to fire (UI:R) - it is not a silent server-side compromise. The primary limiting factors are the mandatory user interaction, the requirement that the vulnerable WordPress site actually has this plugin installed and active, and that impact is confined to the victim's browser session in the site origin (client-side), not the WordPress server itself. |
| Impact | The provided CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L, base 7.1) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated cross-site scripting flaw whose exploitation nonetheless hinges on user interaction (UI:R) - a victim must click or load an attacker-crafted link/request. The scope change (S:C) reflects the standard XSS pattern where injected script executes in the browser security context rather than the WordPress server. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC are present in the supplied data, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active or automatable exploitation. The A:L (and to a degree I:L) impacts appear generous for a reflected XSS: realistic outcomes are session/UI manipulation and limited data exposure, not availability loss - I would model A:N, yielding roughly 6.1. Net assessment: a genuine but not urgent web-hygiene issue - the 7.1 is driven by the S:C scope change, while the UI:R gate and absence of any exploitation signal place this well below a drop-everything priority. The single supporting reference is a Patchstack database entry; affected-version and impact details rest entirely on that one advisory. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts a malicious URL (or a form/request targeting the plugin) containing a script payload in an unsanitized reflected parameter and lures a WordPress site visitor or administrator into clicking it. When the victim's browser loads the response, the injected JavaScript executes in the site's origin, enabling session-token theft, forced admin actions, or content manipulation. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, and success requires the victim to interact with the crafted link (UI:R). |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026
Unauthenticated reflected cross-site scripting in the WordPress plugin WPS Limit Login (versions up to and including 1.5.9.3) lets a remote attacker craft a URL that injects script into a page served by the affected site, executing in the browser of any victim who loads the link. Because the injected script runs in the site's origin, an attacker could hijack an authenticated administrator's session, perform actions as that user, or redirect visitors, though exploitation is not automatic - it requires the victim to interact with the crafted link, and impact is confined to the client-side browser session rather than the WordPress server. The flaw carries a CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L) and no public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation was identified at time of analysis; the issue was reported through Patchstack's vulnerability disclosure program.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis - Patchstack's advisory for WPS Limit Login 1.5.9.3 does not point to a patched plugin version, so administrators should check the plugin's WordPress.org page and the Patchstack entry (https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wps-limit-login/vulnerability/wordpress-wps-limit-login-plugin-1-5-9-3-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve) for an updated release, and upgrade immediately once one is published. Until then, the most effective mitigation is to deactivate and remove the plugin, accepting the trade-off that the site loses its login rate-limiting/brute-force protection and should compensate with an alternative login-hardening control (e.g., a different maintained limit-login plugin, server-level rate limiting, or fail2ban); if deactivation is not operationally possible, deploy virtual patching via a WAF with XSS rules or a WordPress security plugin capable of payload filtering, understanding that signature-based filtering can be evaded with encoding tricks and creates a maintenance burden. Additional layered controls: serve the site with a Content-Security-Policy that disallows inline/third-party script execution (this may break legitimate scripts and requires testing and a nonce/hash strategy), and restrict access to wp-login.php and wp-admin where feasible. Note that user interaction is required for exploitation, so user awareness of unsolicited or unexpected links, especially those referencing the login area, reduces the attack surface but is not a substitute for removing the vulnerable code.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability is a classic CWE-79 cross-site scripting flaw in a WordPress plugin written in PHP. WPS Limit Login is a login-hardening plugin that throttles and blocks brute-force authentication attempts against wp-login.php; its code hooks into WordPress request handling and renders pages (login forms, notices, or administrative views) that include user-supplied request data. In the affected versions, one or more of those reflected input paths fails to apply proper output encoding/escaping (e.g., esc_html(), esc_attr(), or wp_kses()) before printing the value back into the HTML response, so attacker-controlled markup is interpreted by the browser rather than displayed as text. The CVSS vector records AV:N/AC:L/PR:N - network-reachable, low complexity, no authentication needed to deliver the payload - combined with UI:R, meaning the victim must actively load the crafted request for the script to execute, and S:C with C:L/I:L/A:L, indicating the compromise crosses a trust boundary into the victim's browser session in the site's origin while server integrity and availability are unaffected. Per the affected CPE (cpe:2.3:a:nicolaskulka:wps_limit_login:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) and the Patchstack advisory, all releases at or below 1.5.9.3 are presumed vulnerable because no patched version has been published.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L
Unauthenticated network-reachable reflected XSS requiring victim click (UI:R) with cross-context execution (S:C); confidentiality/integrity limited to browser session, no realistic availability impact so A:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (Patchstack).
CVSS VectorVendor: Patchstack
DescriptionCVE.org
Unauthenticated Cross Site Scripting (XSS) in WPS Limit Login <= 1.5.9.3 versions.
Executive ViewAI
A high-severity reflected cross-site scripting flaw in the WPS Limit Login WordPress plugin (versions up to and including 1.5.9.3) allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft a link that, when opened by a victim, executes attacker-controlled script within the affected site's origin. The most significant business risk is hijacking of a logged-in WordPress administrator's browser session, which could let an attacker act with that administrator's privileges and take actions on the site. Leadership should care because any site running this plugin is exposed to a low-effort, externally launched campaign against staff and visitors, and no vendor patch is currently available to close the gap.
No vendor patch available. Interim mitigations: deactivate and remove the WPS Limit Login plugin (or replace it with a maintained alternative); deploy WAF/reverse-proxy rules to block script payloads in reflected parameters; enforce a Content Security Policy that prevents inline script execution; require multi-factor authentication and shorter session lifetimes for WordPress administrators; and restrict or re-authenticate privileged sessions to limit the value of a hijacked session.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
EUVD-2026-85464
GHSA-mq7h-jx79-h4rc
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB