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Android EUVDEUVD-2026-73955

| CVE-2026-28602 HIGH
Improper Access Control (CWE-284)
2026-09-08 security@android.com GHSA-w2j4-f32r-4jgq
7.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: android
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Install malicious app under attacker's Android user profile
  2. Delivery
    Invoke setClipboardAccessNotificationsEnabledForUser with crafted target user ID
  3. Exploit
    Logic error bypasses per-user access control check in ClipboardService
  4. Execution
    Gain read/write access to victim user's clipboard state
  5. Impact
    Capture sensitive clipboard contents or escalate effective privileges

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a malicious application with code execution capability running under a low-privileged Android user account (PR:L) on a device with Android 14, 15, 16, 16-qpr2, or 17. The practical prerequisite is that at least two user profiles exist on the device (the attacker's and a victim's), which is the multi-user configuration scenario most exposed. Physical or social-engineering access to install the malicious app under the attacker's user account is the realistic initial barrier. No network access, no elevated privileges, no special permissions beyond normal app execution, and no victim interaction are required once the app is installed. Single-user Android deployments are less exposed since there are no alternate user profiles to target, though the vulnerable code path is still present. Exploitation is bounded by the CVSS S:U scope - impact is limited to the device's user-space data and does not extend to the underlying OS kernel or hardware.

Impact

CVSS 7.8 with a local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), low privilege requirement (PR:L), and no user interaction (UI:N) accurately characterizes this as a local privilege escalation requiring only an installed app running under an unprivileged user account. The full C:H/I:H/A:H impact reflects the potential to read, modify, or disrupt data across user boundaries once the isolation is bypassed. EPSS at 0.12% (2nd percentile) is very low, there is no CISA KEV listing, and no public proof-of-concept has been identified, all of which indicate no observed in-the-wild exploitation. Under the SSVC framework, exploitation would likely be rated 'none' and technical impact 'partial' given the local access prerequisite. Real-world exposure is concentrated on multi-user Android deployments - enterprise MDM-managed tablets, shared-device kiosk environments, and family-sharing configurations - where multiple distinct user profiles coexist on one device. Single-user consumer devices face reduced practical risk even though the vulnerable code path is present. The breadth of affected versions (Android 14-17) means the patch surface is large and OEM update cadence variability extends exposure windows for some device populations.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker installs a malicious application under their own low-privileged Android user account on a shared device (such as a family tablet or enterprise kiosk) running Android 14-17. The malicious app calls the vulnerable setClipboardAccessNotificationsEnabledForUser path with a crafted target user identifier, bypassing the multi-user isolation check to read or modify clipboard data belonging to another user profile - potentially capturing passwords, authentication tokens, or sensitive text copied by the victim user. No user interaction from the victim is required once the malicious app is running.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 10, 2026

Multi-user isolation breaks in Android's ClipboardService framework layer (CWE-284 Improper Access Control) across Android 14 through 17, enabling a locally-executed low-privileged process to cross user-profile boundaries and escalate privileges with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. The logic error in setClipboardAccessNotificationsEnabledForUser fails to correctly enforce per-user access checks, allowing one user context to manipulate clipboard access notification state for other user profiles on the same device. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and EPSS of 0.12% places this at the 2nd percentile for near-term exploitation probability.

RemediationAI

Apply the September 2026 Android Security Patch Level (SPL: 2026-09-01) as documented in the Android Security Bulletin at https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-09-01 for Android 14, 15, 16, 16-qpr2, and 17. OEM manufacturers and carriers are responsible for distributing OTA updates incorporating this SPL; end users should apply all available system updates immediately through device settings. On enterprise-managed devices, Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions should be used to enforce minimum SPL compliance and restrict sideloading of untrusted applications, which reduces the prerequisite attack surface (installing the malicious app). Disabling multi-user functionality entirely on devices where it is not required (via MDM policy) would prevent cross-user exploitation specifically, at the cost of losing the multi-user feature. There is no known configuration-only workaround that neutralizes the logic error in ClipboardService without patching.

Affected VersionsENISA

Android 16
Android 16-qpr2
Android 15
Android 14
Android 17

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

ClipboardService.java is a core Android framework system service responsible for managing clipboard access and its notification state on a per-user basis. Android's multi-user model (introduced for tablets and enterprise/family sharing scenarios) maintains separate user spaces with isolated application data, including clipboard contents, to prevent cross-user leakage. The CWE-284 (Improper Access Control) root cause indicates the logic error in setClipboardAccessNotificationsEnabledForUser incorrectly resolves or fails to validate the target user identifier, allowing a caller from one user context to set or affect the clipboard notification state of another user profile. This is a framework-layer privilege escalation in the Android system_server process. Affected versions confirmed by EUVD-2026-73955 span Android 14, Android 15, Android 16, Android 16-qpr2, and Android 17 - covering all currently supported Android releases.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (android) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.8 HIGH

Local execution with low privileges is sufficient; no scope change since impact is bounded to device user-space; full C/I/A reflects cross-profile data access potential.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (android).

CVSS VectorVendor: android

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Sep 10, 2026 - 18:23 NVD
7.8 (HIGH)
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

In setClipboardAccessNotificationsEnabledForUser of ClipboardService.java, there is a possible mult-iuser isolation due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Android 14-17 devices contain a multi-user isolation flaw in ClipboardService (CVSS 7.8) that enables privilege escalation to full device compromise. Organizations deploying multi-user Android tablets, shared enterprise devices, or mobile endpoints with sensitive data face immediate risk; a low-privileged app can bypass user account boundaries and seize complete device control. No vendor patch is currently available, requiring interim controls and monitoring for fixes.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Disable Android multi-user profiles on sensitive-data devices; restrict third-party application installation to approved lists; enforce mandatory application sandboxing and principle-of-least-privilege permissions; implement continuous monitoring of clipboard access notification state changes for anomalies; isolate high-risk data workflows to dedicated single-user devices; maintain vigilance on Google Android Security & Privacy Year in Review and monthly Android security bulletins for patch release.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Android runs on billions of active devices globally
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

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