Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessGain physical access to target Windows machine
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ExploitInduce victim user to trigger storage subsystem interaction
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ExecutionBuffer over-read leaks adjacent memory contents
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ImpactCapture and parse leaked data for sensitive material
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Buffer over-read prevention
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Physical access to the target Windows machine is required - the CVSS AV:P vector confirms this is not remotely exploitable under any network configuration. User interaction (UI:R) is additionally required, meaning the victim must perform some action that engages the Windows Storage code path while the attacker has access to observe or capture the leaked output; this cannot be triggered passively. No privileges or authentication are required of the attacker once physical proximity is established (PR:N). Exploitation is not automatable and cannot be delivered at scale. Impact is limited strictly to information disclosure (I:N, A:N) - no write primitives, no code execution, no availability disruption are achievable through this vulnerability alone. |
| Impact | The CVSS base score of 4.3 accurately reflects the dominant risk-reduction factor: physical access is mandatory (AV:P), which is incompatible with mass automated exploitation. SSVC corroborates this - exploitation rated none, automatable no, technical impact partial - and no KEV listing or public exploit code exists. EPSS data is absent from the provided intelligence, but the AV:P vector makes a low exploitation probability highly likely even without an explicit score. The C:H rating represents a theoretical worst-case scenario; the actual sensitivity of data exposed in the buffer over-read depends on what occupies adjacent memory at exploitation time, which may frequently be low-value data. The patch surface is broad - spanning over a dozen Windows version and SKU combinations from Server 2012 to Server 2025 - requiring systematic update deployment across large fleets, though urgency is low given the physical prerequisite. Organizations should prioritize patching internet-facing or high-value servers above general workstations, and enforce physical access controls as an independent mitigation layer. No public exploit identified at time of analysis. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker with brief uncontrolled physical access to a Windows workstation - for example, an insider or a visitor with momentary device access - connects a crafted storage device or triggers a storage interaction that causes the victim user to engage the Windows Storage subsystem, inducing the buffer over-read. The attacker captures the leaked memory region, potentially extracting credentials, cryptographic keys, or session tokens that were resident in adjacent memory at that moment. No public exploit code exists, meaning this scenario currently requires custom exploit development and precise timing. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 08, 2026
Buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the Windows Storage component exposes adjacent memory contents to a physically-present attacker across virtually the entire supported Windows product line, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2 and Server 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:P/UI:R) confirms exploitation requires both physical access to the target machine and user interaction to trigger the vulnerable code path, sharply constraining real-world attack surface. No public exploit code has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center.
RemediationAI
Apply the Microsoft security update for the specific Windows version in use, targeting the patched build numbers listed per SKU (e.g., Windows 11 24H2 to build 10.0.26100.9445 or later, Windows Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.33438 or later, Windows Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5622 or later). Updates are distributed through Windows Update, Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), and the Microsoft Update Catalog; the complete advisory with per-version download links is at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-78516. As a compensating control independent of patching, enforce physical access restrictions on sensitive Windows systems - locked server rooms, access badge controls, and BIOS/UEFI boot passwords - since the AV:P attack vector means removing physical access eliminates the exploitation path entirely. No network-layer mitigations are applicable because the attack is inherently physical. Patch deployment is the definitive fix; physical security controls reduce risk where immediate patching is not feasible.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 19 packages in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
Windows Storage is the core OS subsystem responsible for volume management, disk I/O, and storage device interactions across all Windows editions. CWE-126 (Buffer Over-Read) describes a defect where a read operation accesses memory beyond the allocated buffer boundary, leaking adjacent in-memory data to the caller or a physically-observing party. Unlike write-based buffer overflows, a buffer over-read provides no code-execution primitive; the sole impact is confidentiality loss (C:H) if sensitive data - cryptographic material, session tokens, or credentials - happens to reside in adjacent memory at the time of the over-read. The physical attack vector (AV:P) embedded in the CVSS vector indicates exploitation cannot occur remotely; the attacker must have hands-on access. Affected CPE targets span Windows 10 builds from 10.0.14393.x (version 1607) through 10.0.28000.x (version 26H1), all Windows 11 channel versions, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, covering both full and Server Core installation variants.
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Severity by source
AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Physical access is mandatory per description; user interaction required to trigger the read; no write or availability impact applies.
Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Buffer over-read in Windows Storage allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information with a physical attack.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
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EUVD-2026-73821
GHSA-j923-jww4-x4gm
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB