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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain high-privilege local access
  2. Delivery
    Write malicious DLL to Windows Hello search path
  3. Exploit
    Trigger Windows Hello security validation
  4. Execution
    Windows Hello loads attacker-controlled DLL
  5. Persist
    Security feature bypassed
  6. Impact
    Confidential credential material exfiltrated

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
ASVS 5.0
V13 - Configuration Search path element control
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a locally present or remotely logged-in attacker who already holds high-privilege (administrator-level) access on the target Windows system, as confirmed by CVSS PR:H and AV:L. The attacker must also have write access to a directory that precedes the legitimate Windows Hello component in the search path resolution order - a capability inherent to administrative accounts. No user interaction is required (UI:N). There is no network-facing exploitation path; this is strictly a local, post-compromise scenario. Impact is limited to confidentiality of a single system (S:U, C:H); integrity and availability are unaffected. The high privilege bar substantially restricts real-world risk to insider threats and scenarios where an attacker has already achieved administrative access and seeks to escalate or extract credential material.

Impact

The CVSS 4.4 score accurately captures the constrained threat model: AV:L requires physical or remote-desktop-level local access, and PR:H mandates that the attacker already holds administrative privileges on the target system - a substantial barrier that eliminates opportunistic remote exploitation entirely. Scope is contained to a single system (S:U), and impact is limited to confidentiality (C:H), with no integrity or availability consequence. No EPSS score was provided in the input, but given the PR:H requirement and local-only vector, automated at-scale exploitation is implausible. Neither a CISA KEV listing nor public proof-of-concept exploit code has been identified. The 'Authentication Bypass' tag overstates the nature of the flaw - Microsoft's phrasing of 'bypass a security feature' aligns with its standard Security Feature Bypass (SFB) classification rather than a full credential authentication bypass. In practical terms, even a mid-sized municipal IT team in bytom should treat this as a routine monthly patch cycle item rather than an emergency response, since exploitation is gated behind admin access that itself represents full system compromise for most threat models. The primary residual risk is insider threat or post-compromise lateral movement scenarios where an attacker with existing admin rights seeks to extract Windows Hello credential material.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who has already obtained administrative access to a target Windows system - via credential theft, lateral movement, or insider access - identifies a directory early in Windows Hello's search path where they have write permission, then places a crafted DLL or binary that impersonates the legitimate component. The next time Windows Hello performs an authentication or security validation operation, it loads the attacker's substitute, which suppresses or subverts the security check and returns confidential information (such as credential key material) to the attacker. No public exploit code has been identified, so exploitation currently requires custom tooling developed by an attacker with existing high-privilege local access.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 09, 2026

Windows Hello on a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases contains an uncontrolled search path element (CWE-427) that allows a locally authenticated attacker with administrative privileges to substitute a malicious component in the search path, bypassing the Windows Hello security feature and exposing confidential information. The vulnerability is strictly local and requires high privileges (CVSS PR:H, AV:L), placing it at CVSS 4.4. Vendor-released patches are available via the Microsoft Security Response Center advisory; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

RemediationAI

Apply the vendor-released cumulative updates via Windows Update, WSUS, or Microsoft Update Catalog targeting each platform's fixed build: Windows Server 2025/Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.33438 (server) or 10.0.26100.9445 (client), Windows 11 25H2 to 10.0.26200.9445, Windows 11 26H1 to 10.0.28000.2954, Windows 11 23H2 to 10.0.22631.7582, Windows 10 21H2/22H2 to 10.0.19044.7725/10.0.19045.7725, Windows Server 2022 to 10.0.20348.5622, Windows Server 2019/Windows 10 1809 to 10.0.17763.9245, and Windows Server 2016/Windows 10 1607 to 10.0.14393.9512. The MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-72980 is the authoritative patch reference. Where immediate patching is not feasible, reduce the realistic threat surface by enforcing least-privilege principles to minimize the number of accounts meeting the PR:H threshold, restricting local interactive logins on sensitive systems, and enabling endpoint detection rules to alert on unexpected DLL loads within Windows Hello process directories. These controls reduce insider-threat exposure but do not eliminate the underlying flaw.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33438
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.9445
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.9445
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9512
Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7725
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5622
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.9245
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.33438
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.7582
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7725
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.2954
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9512
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.9512

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.9512
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7725
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7725
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.7582
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.9445
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.9445
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.2954
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.9512
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.9512
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.9245
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5622
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.33438
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.33438

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 15 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-427 (Uncontrolled Search Path Element) describes a class of vulnerabilities - commonly manifesting as DLL hijacking or binary planting - where software resolves a critical resource by searching an attacker-influenced path before the legitimate system location. Windows Hello, Microsoft's biometric and PIN-based authentication framework, appears to load a library or executable component without fully constraining the search path, allowing an administrative local attacker to place a crafted substitute that intercepts or subverts the security check. The flaw spans a wide surface: Windows 10 versions 1607 through 22H2, Windows 11 versions 23H2 through 26H1, and Windows Server 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025 (including Server Core installations), all below their respective patched build numbers as reported in EUVD-2026-73254.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 4.4 MEDIUM

Requires existing high-privilege local access to manipulate the search path; only confidential data exposed, with no integrity or availability impact.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Sep 17, 2026 - 19:22 NVD
4.4 (MEDIUM) 5.5 (MEDIUM)
Patch available
Sep 08, 2026 - 18:35 EUVD
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 18:20 nvd
MEDIUM 4.4

DescriptionNVD

Uncontrolled search path element in Windows Hello allows an authorized attacker to bypass a security feature locally.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 77% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Windows OS deployed across the vast majority of enterprise and consumer environments
Threat Intel
1
1 sources
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Unlikely
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

28
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

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