Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain low-privileged cluster API access
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DeliveryEnumerate policies and overlapping PolicyExceptions
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ExploitCraft workload name matching permissive exception (e.g. '*ingress*')
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ExecutionSubmit Pod with hostPath volume
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PersistKyverno admits resource, policy bypassed
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ImpactMount node filesystem for escalation
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires that the target cluster already have (1) a Kyverno policy in enforce mode (validationFailureAction: Enforce) and (2) at least two PolicyExceptions referencing the same policy and rule, where one exception matches on a permissive selector such as resource-name globs. The attacker must hold Kubernetes API permissions to create the target workload kind (Pod, Deployment, DaemonSet, etc.) in a namespace/scope reachable by the permissive exception, and must be able to name the resource to match that exception's pattern (e.g. containing 'ingress' or 'haproxy'). Limiting factors: clusters using at most one PolicyException per rule are not affected; the bypass only reaches the impact class permitted by the bypassed policy (here, hostPath and thus node access); and per the vendor CVSS the vector is scored as adjacent (AV:A) with low-privilege authentication (PR:L), so unauthenticated remote abuse is not indicated. |
| Impact | This is a genuine control-plane security-guardrail failure rather than a memory-safety RCE, and its severity depends heavily on cluster configuration. The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N with high vulnerable- and subsequent-system impact, score 9.4) reflects the downstream consequence - bypassing hostPath restrictions can lead to node access and container escape - but two of its metrics are debatable: AV:A (adjacent) is unusual for an abuse that occurs through the Kubernetes API server (more naturally AV:N), and the score treats impact as unconditional even though exploitation requires that two overlapping PolicyExceptions already exist for the same rule. No EPSS score, KEV entry, or independent exploit-maturity signal was provided, so probability of opportunistic mass exploitation is unquantified and likely low; the realistic threat is an insider or a compromised low-privileged tenant deliberately abusing a known-misconfigured cluster. Organizations relying on Kyverno as their sole Pod Security enforcement layer should treat this as urgent, because a silent policy bypass undermines the assumption that enforce mode is authoritative, while clusters that do not use multiple PolicyExceptions per rule are effectively unaffected. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A low-privileged tenant in a shared cluster discovers that a 'disallow-host-path' enforce policy has two PolicyExceptions, one of which exempts resources whose names match '*ingress*'. The tenant deploys a Pod named to match that pattern with a hostPath volume mounting the node filesystem, which Kyverno admits despite the enforce policy, giving a foothold for node-level privilege escalation. The vendor advisory publishes the exact manifests needed to reproduce this. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 01, 2026
Policy enforcement bypass in Kyverno v1.9.0 through v1.12.7 lets an authenticated Kubernetes user evade an enforce-mode ClusterPolicy when two overlapping PolicyExceptions apply to the same rule, because the less-restrictive exception wins. An attacker who can name a workload to match a permissive exception pattern (for example '*ingress*') can deploy resources the policy was meant to block, such as Pods with hostPath volumes. The vendor GHSA advisory (GHSA-gg4x-fgg2-h9w9) includes working reproduction manifests; there is no CISA KEV listing and no confirmed in-the-wild exploitation.
RemediationAI
Primary fix: upgrade Kyverno to v1.13.0 or later (Vendor-released patch: v1.13.0), per GHSA-gg4x-fgg2-h9w9. As interim compensating controls before patching, consolidate exemptions so that no single policy/rule is targeted by more than one PolicyException - replacing overlapping exceptions with a single, tightly scoped exception avoids the precedence bug (trade-off: some legitimate exemptions may need to be merged or re-expressed, requiring policy review). Additionally, tighten RBAC so that only trusted operators can create or modify PolicyException objects and audit all existing PolicyExceptions for broad name globs such as '*ingress*' or '*haproxy*' (trade-off: stricter change control adds friction to legitimate exception workflows). As defense-in-depth, complement Kyverno with Kubernetes Pod Security Admission on baseline/restricted profiles so hostPath and similar controls are not solely dependent on Kyverno enforcement. See advisory URLs above.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 2 packages in go, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Kyverno is a CNCF Kubernetes-native policy engine that runs as an admission controller (and in background scan mode) to validate, mutate, and generate cluster resources. PolicyExceptions are objects that carve out namespaced or name-matched exemptions from a policy rule. The flaw is an improper access-control / precedence defect (CWE-284): when multiple PolicyExceptions match the same policy and rule, Kyverno evaluates them such that the broadest/least-restrictive match short-circuits enforcement rather than intersecting or applying the most restrictive constraint. The affected component is the Go package github.com/kyverno/kyverno (CPE cpe:2.3:a:kyverno:kyverno). In the documented case a 'disallow-host-path' enforce policy is defeated because a second exception matching resource name globs ('*haproxy*', '*ingress*') overrides a first, namespace-scoped exception.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Abuse occurs via the Kubernetes API (AV:N) by an authenticated low-privileged user (PR:L); requires pre-existing overlapping exceptions (AC:H); bypassing hostPath controls enables node compromise, a scope change (S:C) with high C/I/A.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Kyverno versions v1.9.0 through v1.12.7 contain a policy exception handling flaw. When a policy in enforce mode is combined with two PolicyExceptions, the less restrictive exception takes precedence, allowing an attacker to bypass the policy by crafting a resource name that matches the second exception's name pattern (e.g., '*ingress*'). This can be used to circumvent policies such as one blocking hostPath volumes. Fixed in v1.13.0.
Technical POC Analysis
Improper access control (CWE-284) in Kyverno’s PolicyException selection when multiple exceptions apply to the same enforcing rule.
Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.
Executive ViewAI
Kyverno versions 1.9.0 through 1.12.7 contain a critical policy enforcement bypass that allows Kubernetes users to deploy unauthorized workloads by exploiting overlapping ClusterPolicy exceptions, such as Pods with restricted hostPath volumes that policies were designed to block. Organizations relying on Kyverno for security policy enforcement face circumvention of their primary access controls, with no vendor patch currently available. Immediate action is required to inventory affected deployments and implement interim mitigations.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: (1) reduce RBAC privileges to restrict which users can create workloads with names matching permissive PolicyException patterns; (2) enforce node-level network policies and admission webhooks to block hostPath volume mounts; (3) audit and remove overlapping PolicyExceptions, consolidating enforcement rules to eliminate ambiguity; (4) strengthen PolicyException naming patterns to be mutually exclusive; (5) enable comprehensive Kubernetes audit logging with alerting on policy exception usage; (6) restrict API server access to trusted networks and implement admission controller monitoring for policy bypass attempts.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
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EUVD-2026-69035
GHSA-q8fv-357q-9mmj
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB