Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain valid GROWI user credentials
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DeliveryAuthenticate to target GROWI instance
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ExploitEnumerate or guess other users' bookmark folder IDs
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ExecutionIssue crafted API request with victim's folder ID
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ImpactRetrieve, overwrite, or delete victim bookmark data
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
|
| Exploitation Conditions | The attacker must hold a valid authenticated session on the target GROWI instance (PR:L per CVSS vector); anonymous or unauthenticated access is insufficient. No additional elevated privileges, admin roles, or special feature enablement are required beyond a standard user account. Exploitation is limited to the bookmark folder API surface - other GROWI data (wiki pages, comments, user accounts) is not directly affected by this flaw. The attack is constrained to the GROWI instance perimeter: an intranet-only deployment requires network access to the internal segment first, while an internet-exposed instance reduces that barrier to registration or credential acquisition. |
| Impact | The overall risk is moderate. The CVSS 6.3 Medium score reflects limited scope (S:U) and low individual impacts across confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:L/I:L/A:L), which accurately captures the blast radius: bookmark data is user-specific metadata, not core wiki content or credentials. The PR:L requirement meaningfully limits the attack surface to authenticated users of the same GROWI instance - an internet-exposed GROWI deployment reduces this barrier, while an intranet-only deployment raises it. No EPSS score was provided in the input data, and the absence of both KEV listing and known public exploit code further constrains realistic risk at this time. The IDOR pattern, however, is one of the most frequently weaponized vulnerability classes due to its low technical bar - any authenticated user who identifies the pattern can immediately exploit it without tooling. Organizations running multi-tenant or multi-user GROWI instances where bookmark privacy matters should treat remediation as a near-term priority, and even a mid-sized IT team managing shared GROWI deployments should treat this as urgent given how effortlessly IDOR can be exploited once discovered. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An authenticated GROWI user logs in with a standard account, then calls the bookmark folder API endpoints while substituting another user's folder ID - obtained through enumeration, observation of shared links, or integer-incrementing - in the request parameters. The server returns or modifies the target user's bookmark data without verifying ownership, allowing the attacker to silently read, overwrite, or delete bookmarks across any account on the instance. No public proof-of-concept code is identified at time of analysis, but the attack requires no special tooling beyond a browser or HTTP client. |
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Alert meAnalysisAI
Insecure Direct Object Reference in GROWI's bookmark folder APIs allows authenticated users to retrieve, modify, and delete other users' private bookmark data without authorization. Affected across all tracked versions per CPE data (cpe:2.3:a:growi,_inc.:growi:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*), exploitation requires only a valid session - no elevated privileges. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis, but the attack pattern (predictable or enumerable object IDs in API endpoints) is trivially reproducible by any authenticated user.
RemediationAI
Consult the vendor advisory at https://growi.co.jp/news/46/ for the official patched release; no exact fix version number was present in the input data, so upgrading to the latest GROWI release is the recommended primary action pending confirmation from the advisory. The JPCERT coordination notice at https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN42348352/ may also contain version-specific guidance. If an immediate upgrade is not possible, a compensating control is to restrict access to the bookmark folder APIs via network-layer controls (e.g., reverse proxy rules blocking the relevant API routes for untrusted users), accepting the trade-off that bookmark functionality will be unavailable to legitimate users. For multi-user instances with sensitive bookmark data, auditing API access logs for anomalous cross-user ID access patterns may help detect prior exploitation.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
GROWI is an open-source Markdown wiki and knowledge-base platform developed by GROWI, Inc. The vulnerability is classified as CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key), which is a subclass of Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR). The bookmark folder APIs accept a user-supplied key - likely a numeric or UUID folder identifier - to identify the target resource. The server performs no server-side ownership check to verify that the requesting authenticated user is the legitimate owner of the referenced bookmark folder. This allows any authenticated session to substitute another user's folder ID in API calls, directly accessing, overwriting, or deleting that folder's bookmark data. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U) confirms network-accessible exploitation requiring only low-privilege authentication, consistent with a standard GROWI user account.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Network-accessible IDOR requiring only a low-privilege authenticated session; impacts limited to user-scoped bookmark data with no scope change.
Primary rating from Vendor (jpcert).
CVSS VectorVendor: jpcert
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
GROWI contains a vulnerability with an authorization bypass through user-controlled key in the bookmark folder APIs. If this vulnerability is exploited, an authenticated attacker could retrieve, tamper with, and/or delete the other user's bookmark data.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
NoSQL injection vulnerability in GROWI versions prior to v4.2.20 allows a remote attacker to obtain and/or alter the inf
Cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability in GROWI v3.4.6 and earlier allows remote attackers to hijack the authen
Unauthenticated file disclosure in GROWI (all versions before 8.0.2) exposes private page attachments to any caller who
Remote denial of service via regular expression attack in GROWI allows unauthenticated network attackers to exhaust serv
Cross-user data exposure and tampering in GROWI v7.4.5 and earlier allows any authenticated user who learns a shared AI
Remote path traversal in GROWI v7.5.0 and earlier allows authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary EJS templates
Improper access control vulnerability in GROWI versions v4.2.2 and earlier allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to r
Directory traversal vulnerability in GROWI versions prior to v4.2.3 (v4.2 Series), GROWI versions prior to v4.1.12 (v4.1
Improper input validation in GROWI versions prior to v4.2.3 (v4.2 Series), GROWI versions prior to v4.1.12 (v4.1 Series)
GROWI v4.1.3 and earlier allow remote attackers to obtain information which is not allowed to access via unspecified vec
In WESEEK GROWI before 3.5.0, a remote attacker can obtain the password hash of the creator of a page by leveraging wiki
In WESEEK GROWI before 3.5.0, the site-wide basic authentication can be bypassed by adding a URL parameter access_token
EUVD-2026-68371
GHSA-xwvv-h48v-hrrm
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB