Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft encrypted evideo payload with malicious script
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DeliveryHost or distribute crafted url2Embed.json.php link
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ExploitVictim clicks link on AVideo domain
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ExecutionServer reflects unescaped markup into response
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PersistAttacker JavaScript executes in authenticated session
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ImpactExfiltrate session cookies or CSRF tokens
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | No authentication is required - this is an unauthenticated reflected XSS (CVSS PR:N confirmed). The url2Embed.json.php endpoint must be publicly reachable from the attacker's vantage point; if the AVideo instance is deployed on an intranet without external exposure, the attack surface is significantly reduced. Exploitation requires passive user interaction: a legitimate user with an active authenticated session must click or load the attacker-crafted link (CVSS UI:P). The attack leverages AVideo's own evideo payload encryption to encode the malicious markup, so no special attacker infrastructure is required beyond a web server to receive exfiltrated tokens. Exploitation is limited to sessions where users are logged in; unauthenticated visitors have no cookies or CSRF tokens worth stealing, reducing the practical value of attacking those sessions. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.3 (Medium) is consistent with the actual risk profile: network-accessible, no privileges required, but requiring passive user interaction (UI:P) to click a crafted link. The EPSS score is not provided in the available data, so exploitation probability cannot be quantified. There is no CISA KEV listing and no confirmed public exploit code, meaning this is a medium-urgency finding without evidence of active weaponization. The most significant real-world risk amplifier is the same-origin delivery mechanism: because the crafted link resolves to the victim's own AVideo instance domain, browser same-origin protections do not mitigate JavaScript access to session cookies and CSRF tokens, making this more impactful than a typical reflected XSS that requires an obviously foreign domain. The CVSS scope change (S:C in 3.1 terms; SC:L/SI:L in 4.0) reflects this cross-context impact. Overall this is a genuine medium-priority finding - not a high-CVSS-low-risk paper vulnerability - and organizations should prioritize patching based on whether their AVideo instance handles authenticated user sessions with sensitive cookies. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts a URL targeting the url2Embed.json.php endpoint with an encrypted evideo parameter embedding a malicious script payload (e.g., a cookie-exfiltrating XHR call). The attacker distributes this URL via phishing email or a social post, where it appears to link to the victim organization's own AVideo domain. When an authenticated user clicks the link, the AVideo server reflects the unescaped payload back into the page, executing the attacker's JavaScript in the user's browser session and forwarding session cookies to an attacker-controlled server. |
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Alert meAnalysisAI
Reflected cross-site scripting in WWBN AVideo's url2Embed.json.php endpoint allows unauthenticated remote attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript in a victim's browser session. The attack is distinctive because the malicious payload is delivered as an encrypted evideo parameter, enabling the crafted link to originate from the target site's own domain and bypass naive URL-reputation checks. Successful exploitation enables session cookie theft and CSRF token harvesting, facilitating account takeover. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing is identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Consult the vendor security advisory at https://github.com/WWBN/AVideo/security/advisories/GHSA-xg77-76mf-rw8h for the patched release version - the available data does not specify an exact fixed version number, so upgrading to the latest tagged AVideo release is the primary recommendation. Upstream fix availability should be verified against the GitHub advisory before deploying. As a compensating control pending patching, administrators can restrict external access to the url2Embed.json.php endpoint via web server configuration (e.g., Nginx location block or Apache .htaccess deny rule), accepting the trade-off that video embedding functionality for end users will be disabled. If a WAF is deployed, adding an output-encoding rule or blocking requests containing unencoded HTML metacharacters (< > " ') in the relevant query parameters can reduce risk without disabling the feature, though this is bypass-prone and not a substitute for the vendor patch.
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Technical ContextAI · show details
WWBN AVideo is an open-source, self-hosted PHP video platform (CPE cpe:2.3:a:wwbn:avideo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*). The vulnerability resides in url2Embed.json.php, an endpoint that accepts URL input and processes it to embed external video content. The root cause is CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation), where HTML metacharacters in user-supplied URL parameters are reflected into the HTTP response without proper output encoding or escaping. A notable technical detail is that the platform's own encryption mechanism for evideo payloads can be abused to encapsulate the malicious markup, allowing the reflected payload to be pre-encoded and delivered as a seemingly legitimate encrypted parameter rather than an obviously malicious raw script tag.
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N
Network-accessible, no privileges needed, but requires user interaction; scope changes to victim browser context with limited confidentiality and integrity impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
DescriptionCVE.org
WWBN AVideo contains an unauthenticated reflected cross-site scripting vulnerability in the url2Embed.json.php endpoint that allows attackers to inject malicious scripts by supplying URLs with HTML metacharacters. Attackers can mint an encrypted evideo payload containing unescaped markup, then deliver it as a legitimate-looking link on the site's own domain to execute JavaScript in victims' sessions and steal cookies or CSRF tokens.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
Cross-Site Request Forgery exploits the automatic credential inclusion behavior of web browsers.
Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org
A cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerability exists in the functiongetOpenGraph videoName functionality of WWBN AVideo 11.
An issue in WWBN AVideo v.12.4 through v.14.2 allows a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code via the systemRootPath
A directory traversal vulnerability exists in the unzipDirectory functionality of WWBN AVideo 11.6 and dev master commit
An insufficient entropy vulnerability exists in the salt generation functionality of WWBN AVideo dev master commit 15fed
Unauthenticated SQL injection in AVideo before 24.0.
OS injection vulnerability in World Wide Broadcast Network AVideo version before 12.4, allows attackers to execute arbit
A reflected cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerability exists in the charts tab selection functionality of WWBN AVideo 11.
A cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerability exists in the channelBody.php user name functionality of WWBN AVideo 11.6 and
A cross-site scripting (xss) vulnerability exists in the videoAddNew functionality of WWBN AVideo 11.6 and dev master co
An insufficient entropy vulnerability exists in the userRecoverPass.php recoverPass generation functionality of WWBN AVi
WWBN AVideo is an open source video platform. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable
AVideo is an open source video platform. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low
EUVD-2026-68232
GHSA-ffr7-g8h5-97cp
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB