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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Gain adjacent network access
  2. Delivery
    Capture unencrypted Kasa protocol traffic
  3. Exploit
    Analyze unprotected message structure
  4. Execution
    Forge or replay device control message
  5. Impact
    Execute unauthorized device state change or denial-of-service

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Cryptographic step completeness
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires network adjacency: the attacker must be on the same Layer 2 segment or broadcast domain as the target Kasa device - for example, connected to the same Wi-Fi access point, VLAN, or Ethernet switch. No authentication is required (PR:N) and no user interaction is needed (UI:N), meaning any device reachable from the local network can be attacked autonomously. No non-default configuration or special feature flag is required; the vulnerability is present in the default local control protocol active on all affected models. The primary limiting factor is the adjacency requirement - internet-based attackers are blocked unless they have first compromised a local host or gained Wi-Fi credentials.

Impact

The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 (AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) is well-calibrated: severity is genuinely high once adjacency is achieved, but the attack surface is substantially bounded by the requirement to be on the same network segment as the target device. This is not an internet-exposed vulnerability - remote exploitation requires a prior foothold on the local network. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is absent from the CISA KEV catalog, indicating no confirmed active exploitation. EPSS data was not available in the provided intelligence. The AC:L and PR:N metrics confirm that once adjacency is established, exploitation is trivially automatable with no privilege requirements. The highest realistic risk scenario is an attacker who has already compromised a host or gained Wi-Fi access and uses these devices as pivot targets or to cause physical disruption - organizations managing IoT-heavy branch offices or shared network environments where device segmentation is absent should treat this as a meaningful lateral risk.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker connected to the same Wi-Fi network - via a compromised guest SSID, rogue insider access, or post-compromise lateral movement - passively captures Kasa local protocol traffic to identify the unprotected message format. Because messages lack cryptographic integrity verification or replay protection, the attacker then replays a previously captured 'power off' command or forges a crafted control message targeting a smart plug controlling critical equipment, toggling it off repeatedly to cause a denial-of-service condition. No public proof-of-concept code has been identified, but the Kasa local protocol structure has been extensively documented by the security research community, substantially reducing the skill barrier for exploitation.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Aug 26, 2026

Unauthorized device control of TP-Link Kasa smart home devices is achievable by any attacker with local network adjacency, due to missing required cryptographic protections (CWE-325) in the local LAN communication protocol. At least 20 distinct Kasa product models are affected, spanning smart plugs, power strips, outdoor outlets, and in-wall switches. Exploitation enables interception, replay, and forgery of device control messages with no authentication required, allowing complete operational manipulation or denial-of-service of affected hardware.

RemediationAI

Apply the firmware update available through TP-Link's official download portals: https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/ (US), https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/ (global), and https://www.tp-link.com/in/support/download/ (India). Patch availability is confirmed per vendor advisory at https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5267/; however, exact patched firmware version numbers were not included in the available intelligence and must be verified directly from the advisory before deployment. As a compensating control pending patching, isolate Kasa devices on a dedicated IoT VLAN with ACLs preventing lateral access from untrusted client segments - this eliminates network adjacency for realistic attacker scenarios at the cost of additional network management overhead. If VLAN segmentation is unavailable, enable wireless client isolation at the access point to prevent device-to-device traffic on shared SSIDs. These network controls reduce exposure but do not remediate the underlying cryptographic deficiency.

Affected VersionsENISA

ES20M 0 <1.1.6 Build 250522 Rel.210254
HS220-LA(US) 4.6 / HS220-BL(US) 4.6 0 <1.1.1 Build 240802 Rel.094142
EP40M 0 <1.1.0 Build 240415 Rel.171219
EP10 0 <1.1.1 Build 250908 Rel.112508
HS300 V2 0 <1.1.2 Build 241220 Rel.171333
HS103P3 / HS103P4 v5 0 <1.1.3 Build 250908 Rel.112508
EP25 V2 0 <1.0.3 Build 240529 Rel.145252
KP303 V2 0 <1.1.2 Build 241220 Rel.173321
KS220M 0 <1.1.6 Build 250522 Rel.210254
HS220-LA(US) 6.6 / HS220-BL(US) 6.6 0 <1.0.3 Build 240723 Rel.192630
KP125MP2 / KP125MP4 0 <1.2.5 Build 241213 Rel.172504
KP115 0 <1.1.1 Build 250908 Rel.112945
KS205 0 <1.1.1 Build 240724 Rel.105920
KS225 0 <1.1.1 Build 240626 Rel.175125
KL125 0 <1.1.1 Build 260710 Rel.082646
KP200 V3 0 <1.1.0 Build 250225 Rel.171724
HS200 V5.26 0 <1.0.3 Build 240723 Rel.192622
KS240 0 <1.0.6 Build 240122 Rel.160100
EP40A 0 <1.1.1 Build 250908 Rel.112526
HS220 V3.26 0 <1.1.1 Build 240802 Rel.094131

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Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-325 (Missing Required Cryptographic Step) identifies the root cause: the Kasa local control protocol lacks message authentication codes or cryptographic integrity verification, making all locally exchanged control messages vulnerable to passive interception and active forgery. The TP-Link Kasa local protocol has historically relied on XOR-based obfuscation rather than authenticated encryption, and this CVE confirms that insufficient cryptographic protection persists across a broad swath of current hardware. Affected CPEs cover smart plug variants (EP10, EP25 V2, KP115, KP125MP2/MP4, HS103P3/P4 V5), power strips (HS300 V2, KP303 V2), outdoor plugs (EP40A, EP40M), and smart switches (KS225), with additional models (KS205, KS240, KS220M, KP200 V3, HS200 V5/26, HS220 series, KL125, ES20M) identified through vendor tags. The CVSS 4.0 vector AV:A confirms exploitation is confined to the adjacent network layer.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (TPLink) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Adjacent-only vector (AV:A) confirmed by local protocol scope; no privileges or user interaction required; full CIA impact on the vulnerable device with no scope change to subsequent systems.

3.1 AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (TPLink).

CVSS VectorVendor: TPLink

Attack Vector
Adjacent
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Multiple TP-Link Kasa smart home devices contain insufficient cryptographic protections in the local device communication protocol. An adjacent network attacker may intercept, replay or forge locally exchanged control messages, potentially resulting in unauthorized device control.

Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to manipulate the operational state of an affected device, resulting in unauthorized state changes, disruption of normal device functionality or a denial-of-service condition.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

TP-Link Kasa smart home devices (20+ models spanning smart plugs, power strips, switches, and outdoor outlets) can be remotely controlled or disabled by any user on the local network, due to missing authentication in the LAN communication protocol. Organizations using Kasa for facility automation or critical systems face operational disruption risk and potential safety impacts depending on deployment context.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. Interim mitigation: implement network segmentation restricting Kasa devices to isolated management networks and disable unnecessary remote access features pending patch deployment.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 96% exploitable
Prevalence
High
popular consumer smart home brand with tens of millions of devices deployed globally
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Controlled
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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