Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessGain adjacent network access
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DeliveryCapture unencrypted Kasa protocol traffic
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ExploitAnalyze unprotected message structure
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ExecutionForge or replay device control message
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ImpactExecute unauthorized device state change or denial-of-service
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Cryptographic step completeness
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires network adjacency: the attacker must be on the same Layer 2 segment or broadcast domain as the target Kasa device - for example, connected to the same Wi-Fi access point, VLAN, or Ethernet switch. No authentication is required (PR:N) and no user interaction is needed (UI:N), meaning any device reachable from the local network can be attacked autonomously. No non-default configuration or special feature flag is required; the vulnerability is present in the default local control protocol active on all affected models. The primary limiting factor is the adjacency requirement - internet-based attackers are blocked unless they have first compromised a local host or gained Wi-Fi credentials. |
| Impact | The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 (AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H) is well-calibrated: severity is genuinely high once adjacency is achieved, but the attack surface is substantially bounded by the requirement to be on the same network segment as the target device. This is not an internet-exposed vulnerability - remote exploitation requires a prior foothold on the local network. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is absent from the CISA KEV catalog, indicating no confirmed active exploitation. EPSS data was not available in the provided intelligence. The AC:L and PR:N metrics confirm that once adjacency is established, exploitation is trivially automatable with no privilege requirements. The highest realistic risk scenario is an attacker who has already compromised a host or gained Wi-Fi access and uses these devices as pivot targets or to cause physical disruption - organizations managing IoT-heavy branch offices or shared network environments where device segmentation is absent should treat this as a meaningful lateral risk. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker connected to the same Wi-Fi network - via a compromised guest SSID, rogue insider access, or post-compromise lateral movement - passively captures Kasa local protocol traffic to identify the unprotected message format. Because messages lack cryptographic integrity verification or replay protection, the attacker then replays a previously captured 'power off' command or forges a crafted control message targeting a smart plug controlling critical equipment, toggling it off repeatedly to cause a denial-of-service condition. No public proof-of-concept code has been identified, but the Kasa local protocol structure has been extensively documented by the security research community, substantially reducing the skill barrier for exploitation. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Aug 26, 2026
Unauthorized device control of TP-Link Kasa smart home devices is achievable by any attacker with local network adjacency, due to missing required cryptographic protections (CWE-325) in the local LAN communication protocol. At least 20 distinct Kasa product models are affected, spanning smart plugs, power strips, outdoor outlets, and in-wall switches. Exploitation enables interception, replay, and forgery of device control messages with no authentication required, allowing complete operational manipulation or denial-of-service of affected hardware.
RemediationAI
Apply the firmware update available through TP-Link's official download portals: https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/ (US), https://www.tp-link.com/en/support/download/ (global), and https://www.tp-link.com/in/support/download/ (India). Patch availability is confirmed per vendor advisory at https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/5267/; however, exact patched firmware version numbers were not included in the available intelligence and must be verified directly from the advisory before deployment. As a compensating control pending patching, isolate Kasa devices on a dedicated IoT VLAN with ACLs preventing lateral access from untrusted client segments - this eliminates network adjacency for realistic attacker scenarios at the cost of additional network management overhead. If VLAN segmentation is unavailable, enable wireless client isolation at the access point to prevent device-to-device traffic on shared SSIDs. These network controls reduce exposure but do not remediate the underlying cryptographic deficiency.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
CWE-325 (Missing Required Cryptographic Step) identifies the root cause: the Kasa local control protocol lacks message authentication codes or cryptographic integrity verification, making all locally exchanged control messages vulnerable to passive interception and active forgery. The TP-Link Kasa local protocol has historically relied on XOR-based obfuscation rather than authenticated encryption, and this CVE confirms that insufficient cryptographic protection persists across a broad swath of current hardware. Affected CPEs cover smart plug variants (EP10, EP25 V2, KP115, KP125MP2/MP4, HS103P3/P4 V5), power strips (HS300 V2, KP303 V2), outdoor plugs (EP40A, EP40M), and smart switches (KS225), with additional models (KS205, KS240, KS220M, KP200 V3, HS200 V5/26, HS220 series, KL125, ES20M) identified through vendor tags. The CVSS 4.0 vector AV:A confirms exploitation is confined to the adjacent network layer.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Adjacent-only vector (AV:A) confirmed by local protocol scope; no privileges or user interaction required; full CIA impact on the vulnerable device with no scope change to subsequent systems.
Primary rating from Vendor (TPLink).
CVSS VectorVendor: TPLink
DescriptionCVE.org
Multiple TP-Link Kasa smart home devices contain insufficient cryptographic protections in the local device communication protocol. An adjacent network attacker may intercept, replay or forge locally exchanged control messages, potentially resulting in unauthorized device control.
Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to manipulate the operational state of an affected device, resulting in unauthorized state changes, disruption of normal device functionality or a denial-of-service condition.
Executive ViewAI
TP-Link Kasa smart home devices (20+ models spanning smart plugs, power strips, switches, and outdoor outlets) can be remotely controlled or disabled by any user on the local network, due to missing authentication in the LAN communication protocol. Organizations using Kasa for facility automation or critical systems face operational disruption risk and potential safety impacts depending on deployment context.
Apply vendor patch. Interim mitigation: implement network segmentation restricting Kasa devices to isolated management networks and disable unnecessary remote access features pending patch deployment.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
EUVD-2026-66641
GHSA-pfwg-rgvf-86xw
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB