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CyberChef EUVDEUVD-2026-55834

| CVE-2026-72912 MEDIUM
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400)
2026-08-10 security-advisories@github.com
4.3
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: github
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Craft URL with malformed #recipe= fragment
  2. Delivery
    Deliver link to victim via phishing or web embed
  3. Exploit
    Victim opens CyberChef URL in browser
  4. Execution
    Parser invokes catastrophic-backtracking regex
  5. Impact
    Browser tab freezes, denying analyst access

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Resource consumption limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that a victim user open a specifically crafted CyberChef URL containing a malformed #recipe= URL fragment with a large number of unmatched single-quote characters. The victim's browser must navigate to and begin loading the CyberChef application with this fragment present - either by clicking a shared link or via a redirect. This is a client-side-only vulnerability; server-side CyberChef deployments or API usage are not affected. The freeze is temporary and self-limiting: closing or killing the tab ends the condition. No authentication to any system is required (the parser runs before any login), but the attacker has no control over the victim's environment beyond inducing the URL visit. Non-default conditions are not required - any CyberChef instance prior to 11.3.0 processing a #recipe= fragment is vulnerable.

Impact

The CVSS 4.3 score and AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R vector accurately reflect the attack surface: any CyberChef user who opens a crafted URL is affected, but user interaction (UI:R) is a meaningful friction point. The Availability impact is rated Low (A:L), consistent with a browser-tab freeze that resolves when the tab is killed - not a persistent or cascading service disruption. EPSS data is not provided in the supplied intelligence, but given the client-side-only scope and the absence of KEV listing, real-world exploitation risk is likely low for most deployments. The tags in the supplied data list 'Privilege Escalation' and 'RCE', which are directly contradicted by the CVE description and should be treated as erroneous metadata - a misleading signal that could cause miscalibrated triage. The practical risk is context-dependent: for a security analyst using CyberChef in an air-gapped or isolated browser profile, this is negligible; for deployments where CyberChef is served as an internal web tool and users routinely process shared recipe URLs, the freeze-on-load behavior is a nuisance-level DoS. The fix is available and low-risk to apply. No evidence of active exploitation or public POC exists.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker constructs a CyberChef URL with a #recipe= fragment containing thousands of consecutive unmatched single-quote characters (e.g., CyberChef/#recipe='''''....) and shares it via phishing email, Slack, or a malicious web page. When a security analyst clicks the link, their browser tab running CyberChef freezes during startup as the JavaScript engine exhaustively backtracks through the malformed input, disrupting their workflow for seconds or longer until the tab is manually killed. No public POC has been confirmed, but the attack payload is trivially constructable from the CVE description alone.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Aug 10, 2026

CyberChef's client-side pretty-recipe parser freezes victim browser tabs via a crafted URL fragment containing large numbers of unmatched quote characters, triggering catastrophic backtracking in a synchronous global regular expression. Any user of CyberChef prior to 11.3.0 who opens a malicious #recipe= URL - whether shared in phishing, chat, or embedded in a page - is subject to a temporary denial-of-service condition. No code execution, data exfiltration, or privilege escalation is possible; impact is confined to browser tab availability. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.

RemediationAI

The primary fix is to upgrade CyberChef to version 11.3.0 or later, which is confirmed available at https://github.com/gchq/CyberChef/releases/tag/v11.3.0. The fix replaces the vulnerable regex parsing path with a linear pre-validation step and carries no documented functional regressions. For organizations hosting CyberChef as an internal web service, redeployment of the updated build is the complete remediation. If immediate upgrade is not possible, a workaround is to configure a Content Security Policy or reverse proxy rule that strips or blocks URL fragments containing repeated single-quote characters before they reach the client - this trades some recipe-sharing convenience for protection. Alternatively, restricting network access to the CyberChef instance so that externally crafted URLs cannot reach users limits the attack surface with no functional trade-off for internal-only deployments.

Affected VersionsENISA

CyberChef < 11.3.0

Affected Packages

euvd cyberchef fix: 11.3.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CyberChef (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:gchq:cyberchef:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, versions prior to 11.3.0) is a browser-based data manipulation tool developed by GCHQ. The vulnerable code path is in src/core/Utils.mjs within Utils.parseRecipeConfig(), which processes the #recipe= URL fragment using a complex global regular expression. CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) applies: the regex is not anchored or bounded against pathological inputs, so a string of many unmatched single-quote characters causes the engine to explore an exponential number of backtracking paths before ultimately rejecting the input. This is a classic ReDoS (Regular Expression Denial of Service) pattern. The fix in v11.3.0, confirmed by commit f77ddf4, introduces a linear O(n) pre-validation function _validatePrettyRecipe() that walks the string character-by-character tracking parentheses and quote state, rejecting structurally invalid inputs before the expensive regex ever runs.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (github) PRIMARY 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Network-delivered URL requires user interaction; no auth, no scope change; only availability impact is a transient browser tab freeze.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (github).

CVSS VectorVendor: github

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
Low

Lifecycle Timeline

1
Patch available
Aug 10, 2026 - 22:04 EUVD

DescriptionCVE.org

CyberChef is a web app for encryption, encoding, compression, and data analysis. Prior to 11.3.0, CyberChef's pretty-recipe parser in src/core/Utils.mjs can exhaust client-side CPU when a malformed #recipe= URL fragment containing a large number of unmatched quote characters reaches Utils.parseRecipeConfig(). The function synchronously applies a complex global regular expression that may perform heavy backtracking before rejecting the input, causing the victim's browser tab to freeze during startup for seconds or longer. No code execution, data exfiltration, or privilege escalation occurs. This issue is fixed in version 11.3.0.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 92% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular open-source security tool widely used by analysts and CTF players
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

22
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +22
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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