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Capgo EUVDEUVD-2026-43224

| CVE-2026-56241 HIGH
Improper Authorization (CWE-285)
2026-07-12 VulnCheck GHSA-v7q8-55qw-h6hr
7.2
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulnCheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Retain valid account after super_admin demotion
  2. Delivery
    Call count_non_compliant_bundles RPC
  3. Exploit
    Enumerate org-wide non-compliant bundles
  4. Execution
    Invoke delete_non_compliant_bundles RPC
  5. Impact
    Bulk-delete bundles across organization

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization verification
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that the attacker was previously granted the super_admin role in the target Capgo organization and that their user account/session remains active after the role binding was deleted; the stale org_users.user_right value is what preserves access. The attacker then invokes the delete_non_compliant_bundles and count_non_compliant_bundles RPCs directly. Limiting factors: the attacker must be an authenticated user (PR:L) who at some point held super_admin - a fully external, never-privileged attacker cannot trigger this - and the target must be running a version before 12.128.2 where a demotion actually occurred without clearing user_right. Organizations that never demote super_admins, or that fully deactivate accounts on offboarding, are not exposed.

Impact

The vendor's CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H, score 7.2 High) describes a network-reachable, low-complexity attack requiring low privileges and no user interaction, with high integrity and availability impact and low confidentiality impact - consistent with a former insider bulk-deleting data via authenticated RPCs. This is not a mass-scannable internet threat: exploitation is gated on the attacker having previously been granted super_admin in the target organization (PR:L), so the realistic threat model is a malicious or compromised former administrator rather than an anonymous remote attacker. No EPSS score, KEV listing, or POC was provided, so exploitation probability signals are absent; the absence of these should be read as 'unknown,' not 'low risk.' There is no SSVC decision data in the input. The primary conflict to verify is the confidentiality rating: the count/enumerate RPC implies some data exposure, which the vendor scored as VC:L, while the true business impact is the destructive VI:H/VA:H bulk deletion - priority should be driven by the integrity/availability loss to organizations that perform administrator demotions.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An organization revokes a contractor's super_admin role in Capgo, believing their destructive access is gone. Because org_users.user_right was never cleared, the contractor's still-valid account continues to call the count_non_compliant_bundles RPC to enumerate targets and then delete_non_compliant_bundles to wipe non-compliant bundles across the whole organization, causing service and integrity damage. No public POC was identified at time of analysis, and the low attack complexity (AC:L) means no special timing or tooling is needed once the stale privilege exists.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 12, 2026

Privilege escalation in Capgo before 12.128.2 lets demoted super_admin users retain organization-wide bundle management rights because the org_users.user_right column is not cleared when their role binding is deleted. A user who once held super_admin can continue invoking the delete_non_compliant_bundles and count_non_compliant_bundles RPCs to enumerate and bulk-delete non-compliant bundles across the entire organization indefinitely, well after their privileges were supposedly revoked. Reported by VulnCheck; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and not listed in CISA KEV.

RemediationAI

Vendor-released patch: upgrade Capgo to version 12.128.2 or later, which clears the stale org_users.user_right column during role binding deletion; see the advisory at https://github.com/Cap-go/capgo/security/advisories/GHSA-rvvc-rvxv-qcrh. Because the flaw leaves already-demoted accounts in a privileged state, patching alone does not undo existing stale grants, so operators should also audit the org_users table and reset user_right for any user whose super_admin role binding was removed while running a vulnerable version. As an interim compensating control before upgrading, revoke or disable the accounts of recently demoted super_admins entirely (rather than just demoting them) so their sessions cannot reach the affected RPCs, accepting that this blocks all legitimate use of those accounts; alternatively restrict access to the delete_non_compliant_bundles and count_non_compliant_bundles RPCs at the API/gateway layer to a vetted allowlist of current administrators, with the trade-off that legitimate bundle-compliance operations must be performed manually until the fix is deployed.

Affected VersionsENISA

capgo 0 <12.128.2

Affected Packages

euvd capgo fix: 12.128.2

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Capgo is a live/over-the-air (OTA) update platform for Capacitor mobile apps, using a Supabase-style backend where authorization for sensitive operations is enforced through RPC (remote procedure call) endpoints gated on a per-user role field. The root cause maps to CWE-285 (Improper Authorization): the RBAC layer keys the delete_non_compliant_bundles and count_non_compliant_bundles RPCs off the persisted org_users.user_right column rather than re-deriving effective permissions from the current active role bindings. When a super_admin role binding is deleted (a demotion), the code path fails to reset user_right, leaving a stale elevated value that the RPCs continue to honor. The affected component is the Capgo application backend (CPE cpe:2.3:a:capgo:capgo:*), with all versions prior to 12.128.2 affected.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulnCheck) PRIMARY 7.2 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 8.3 HIGH

Network-reachable RPCs (AV:N), no special conditions once stale (AC:L), attacker must have held a privileged account (PR:L); bulk deletion drives I:H/A:H while enumeration gives only C:L.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

1
Patch available
Jul 12, 2026 - 13:01 EUVD

DescriptionCVE.org

Capgo before 12.128.2 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability where demoted super_admin users retain access to delete_non_compliant_bundles and count_non_compliant_bundles RPCs due to stale org_users.user_right column not being cleared during role binding deletion. Attackers can exploit this by maintaining a previously granted super_admin role to enumerate and bulk delete non-compliant bundles across the entire organization indefinitely.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Capgo before version 12.128.2 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows demoted super_admin users to retain indefinite access to organization-wide bundle management operations, enabling them to enumerate and delete non-compliant application bundles long after their administrative privileges were supposedly revoked. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but this represents a critical insider threat as former administrators can disrupt service and destroy organizational data without detection. Organizations using affected Capgo versions face significant availability and integrity risks from residual privileged access that cannot be detected or prevented through standard access controls.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: (1) Implement API gateway or WAF rules to block delete_non_compliant_bundles and count_non_compliant_bundles requests from users with recently modified role assignments; (2) Deploy real-time alerting on all bundle deletion operations with mandatory manual review; (3) Conduct weekly verification that org_users.user_right column matches current RBAC state, immediately remediating discrepancies; (4) Restrict Capgo API access to whitelisted service accounts and IP ranges; (5) Implement mandatory approval workflow requiring secondary authorization for any bundle deletion operation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 89% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche OTA live-update SaaS/tool for Capacitor mobile apps
Social Media
3
Sightings
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment CIRCL GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

36
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +36
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

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