EUVD-2026-41415Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Network-accessible (AV:N) but requires on-path positioning (AC:H); no authentication needed (PR:N); only blind integrity injection with no confidentiality or availability impact and no scope change.
Primary rating from Vendor (EEF).
CVSS VectorVendor: EEF
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
Improper Enforcement of Message Integrity During Transmission in a Communication Channel vulnerability in Erlang/OTP ssl (tls_gen_connection module) allows a network-positioned attacker to inject unauthenticated plaintext that the TLS client application later treats as authenticated server data.
The function tls_gen_connection:handle_protocol_record/3 rejects APPLICATION_DATA records that arrive in pre-handshake states when the TLS endpoint acts as a server, but does not apply the same check when the endpoint acts as a client. A network-positioned attacker can send plaintext APPLICATION_DATA records to the client during the handshake. The records are buffered and, once the handshake completes successfully, delivered to the application as if they were authenticated post-handshake data. The attacker cannot observe the client's response or steer the connection, so the impact is limited to blind injection of unauthenticated bytes. The injection window is wider for TLS versions prior to TLS 1.3 than for TLS 1.3.
This vulnerability is associated with program file lib/ssl/src/tls_gen_connection.erl.
This issue affects OTP from OTP 17.0 before 29.0.3, 28.5.0.3 and 27.3.4.14 corresponding to ssl from 5.3.4 before 11.7.3, 11.6.0.3 and 11.2.12.10. TLS 1.3 is affected starting with OTP 22.0, when TLS 1.3 support was added.
AnalysisAI
Blind plaintext injection into Erlang/OTP TLS clients allows a network-positioned attacker to insert unauthenticated APPLICATION_DATA records during the handshake that the application subsequently receives as authenticated post-handshake server data. The root asymmetry is in tls_gen_connection:handle_protocol_record/3, which correctly rejects pre-handshake APPLICATION_DATA for TLS server endpoints but omits the equivalent guard for client endpoints, enabling record buffering prior to authentication. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | The attacker must occupy a network-positioned (on-path or machine-in-the-middle) vantage point capable of injecting TCP segments into the TLS connection before handshake completion - this is the primary limiting factor (AT:P in the CVSS 4.0 vector). … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N) reflects the realistic threat model accurately. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker with on-path network access between an Erlang OTP TLS client and its server intercepts the TLS handshake in progress and injects crafted plaintext APPLICATION_DATA frames before the client has authenticated the server. The OTP ssl client buffers these records, and upon successful handshake completion delivers them to the application layer as if they were authenticated server responses. … |
| Remediation | Upgrade Erlang/OTP to one of the patched releases: OTP 29.0.3 (ssl 11.7.3), OTP 28.5.0.3 (ssl 11.6.0.3), or OTP 27.3.4.14 (ssl 11.2.12.10), per the vendor advisory at https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-gf6r-99xw-6qg6. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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External POC / Exploit Code
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