Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessScan local network for port 23
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DeliveryIdentify D-Link DIR-600L via banner
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ExploitConnect with hardcoded credentials
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ExecutionObtain root shell
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ImpactExecute arbitrary commands as administrator
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
ASVS 5.0
V6 - Authentication Credential externalization
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Persistence, Credential Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Attacker requires network connectivity to TCP port 23 on the DIR-600L device-typically local network (LAN/WLAN) adjacency for standard residential router deployments where WAN-side telnet is disabled by default. If the device is misconfigured with telnet exposed to the WAN interface, or deployed in a DMZ/bridged configuration, exploitation becomes possible from the Internet. No user interaction, authentication, or non-default configuration is required-the telnet daemon launches automatically at boot with backdoor credentials active. The limiting factor is network reachability rather than authentication barriers, privilege requirements, or configuration complexity. Hardware Revision A1 specifically is required; other revisions (B1, B2) have different firmware implementations and are not confirmed vulnerable to this specific backdoor. |
| Impact | This represents critical real-world risk despite absence of CISA KEV listing. The CVSS 9.8 score accurately reflects severity: network-accessible (AV:N), no complexity barriers (AC:L), no authentication required (PR:N), and complete system compromise possible (C:H/I:H/A:H). The combination of publicly disclosed static credentials, automatic service enablement at boot, and EOL status with guaranteed zero patches creates permanent exposure. SSVC framework indicates high priority: exploitation is trivially automatable (credentials are static and public), technical impact is total system compromise (root shell), and the device is Internet-facing network infrastructure. While EPSS score is unavailable due to recent disclosure, the attack can be scripted in minutes once an attacker identifies vulnerable devices via banner grabbing or port scanning. The primary limiting factor is that AV:N in this context likely means local network adjacency rather than Internet-wide exposure, as residential routers typically don't expose telnet to WAN interfaces by default-however, misconfigured devices or those in DMZs face direct Internet exposure. Organizations must assume any deployed DIR-600L A1 units are permanently compromised infrastructure. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker on the same local network as the DIR-600L scans for open telnet services on TCP port 23, identifies the D-Link device via banner or response fingerprinting, then connects and authenticates using the publicly disclosed credentials 'Alphanetworks' with password 'wrgn35_dlwbr_dir600l'. Upon successful authentication, the attacker receives a root shell with full administrative privileges, enabling firmware manipulation, traffic interception/modification, DNS hijacking for connected clients, persistent backdoor installation, or pivoting to attack other network-connected devices. No exploit code complexity is required-standard telnet clients suffice, making this exploitable via basic scripting. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – May 04, 2026
Remote root shell access via hardcoded telnet backdoor in D-Link DIR-600L Hardware Revision A1 allows network-adjacent attackers to authenticate with publicly known credentials ('Alphanetworks' / 'wrgn35_dlwbr_dir600l') and obtain full administrative control. The backdoor telnet daemon launches automatically at boot with static credentials stored in /etc/alpha_config/image_sign. The device is End-of-Life with no patches forthcoming, creating permanent exposure for deployed units. EPSS data not available; no CISA KEV listing identified, though the trivial exploitation complexity (CVSS AC:L, PR:N) and public disclosure make exploitation highly likely once details are disseminated.
RemediationAI
Immediate device replacement is the only effective remediation, as D-Link will not release patches for this EOL hardware revision. Organizations should identify all DIR-600L Hardware Revision A1 units via asset inventory, remove them from production networks, and replace with currently supported router models. As a temporary risk reduction measure until replacement, implement network-layer controls: configure upstream firewalls or VLANs to block all inbound TCP port 23 (telnet) traffic to affected devices, disable telnet access in router web interface if the option exists (though the daemon launches via init scripts and may bypass UI controls), and isolate devices on separate network segments with strict ACLs preventing lateral movement. Monitor network traffic for telnet connections to DIR-600L units as an indicator of compromise. Note that blocking telnet does not eliminate the backdoor code-it only prevents remote exploitation while the credentials remain embedded in firmware. These compensating controls reduce attack surface but cannot provide equivalent security to patched firmware. Asset replacement timeline should be measured in days, not weeks, given the trivial exploitation and complete system compromise outcome.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
This is a CWE-798 (Use of Hard-coded Credentials) vulnerability affecting the D-Link DIR-600L Hardware Revision A1 firmware. The device executes /bin/telnetd.sh at boot, launching a custom telnetd binary configured with the -u flag to specify username:password combinations. Authentication credentials are hardcoded in the /etc/alpha_config/image_sign configuration file and validated via insecure strcmp() comparison in a custom login binary. The 'Alphanetworks' username suggests this may be a manufacturer debugging interface left active in production firmware. The telnet protocol itself transmits credentials in cleartext, compounding the security failure. The CPE identifier cpe:2.3:a:d-link:dir-600l_firmware confirms this affects the device firmware rather than just configuration, meaning the backdoor exists in the base image distributed by D-Link. As an EOL product, the firmware will remain vulnerable indefinitely.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
DescriptionCVE.org
D-Link DIR-600L Hardware Revision A1 (End-of-Life) contains a hardcoded telnet backdoor. The device starts a telnet daemon at boot via /bin/telnetd.sh with the username "Alphanetworks" and the static password "wrgn35_dlwbr_dir600l" read from /etc/alpha_config/image_sign. The custom telnetd binary accepts a -u user:password flag, and the custom login binary uses strcmp() to validate credentials. Successful authentication grants an unauthenticated attacker on the local network a root shell with full administrative control. The device has reached End-of-Life (EOL) and will not receive patches.
Executive ViewAI
D-Link DIR-600L routers contain a hardcoded backdoor account with publicly known credentials that grants unauthenticated remote root access to attackers on the network. This end-of-life device will never receive a vendor patch, leaving any deployed units permanently vulnerable to complete administrative compromise. Organizations using this router model face immediate risk of unauthorized network access, data exfiltration, and lateral movement into protected systems.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: (1) Restrict network access to the device's management interface by disabling WAN-side telnet and blocking port 23 at upstream firewalls; (2) segment the device to an isolated VLAN with no trust paths to production systems; (3) implement continuous network monitoring for telnet connections to the device's IP address; (4) deploy firewall rules blocking any inbound connections from untrusted network segments. These controls reduce but do not eliminate risk; replacement is the only permanent remediation.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
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EUVD-2026-27027
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
GitHub PoC
Exploit-DB