Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionGitHub Advisory
Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to 1.4.11, the reverse proxy (proxy.ts) set the Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only header instead of the enforcing Content-Security-Policy header. This means cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks were logged but not blocked. Any user who could inject script content (e.g., via crafted email HTML) could execute arbitrary JavaScript in the context of the application, potentially stealing session tokens or performing actions on behalf of the user. This vulnerability is fixed in 1.4.11.
AnalysisAI
Bulwark Webmail versions prior to 1.4.11 fail to enforce Content-Security-Policy headers, allowing unauthenticated attackers to execute arbitrary JavaScript through crafted email HTML. The reverse proxy incorrectly uses Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only instead of the enforcing Content-Security-Policy header, enabling XSS attacks that can steal session tokens or perform unauthorized actions on behalf of users. …
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Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 5.3 score reflects moderate real-world risk constrained by several mitigating factors. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | An attacker crafts a malicious email containing embedded JavaScript (e.g., in HTML body or within an image src attribute with JavaScript protocol). When a Bulwark Webmail user opens the email in their browser, the CSP enforcement failure allows the script to execute without restriction. … |
| Remediation | Upgrade Bulwark Webmail to version 1.4.11 or later, which corrects the reverse proxy configuration to enforce Content-Security-Policy headers instead of Content-Security-Policy-Report-Only. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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External POC / Exploit Code
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EUVD-2026-19479