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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Send crafted network packet to Audit Log
  2. Exploit
    Inject format string in message
  3. Execution
    Trigger memory read/write operations
  4. Impact
    Cause denial of service

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Format string safety
Exploitation Conditions

Requires CODESYS Control runtime system with Audit Log enabled and accessible over the network. Remote unauthenticated attacker can send crafted messages exploiting format string vulnerability in Audit Log message processing to cause denial-of-service.

Impact

The CVSS 3.1 score of 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H) indicates this is a network-exploitable vulnerability requiring low attack complexity with no authentication, making it highly accessible to attackers. The high availability impact suggests reliable DoS exploitation against industrial control systems, which is particularly concerning given CODESYS's widespread deployment in critical infrastructure and manufacturing environments. While the vulnerability is limited to availability impact (no confidentiality or integrity compromise indicated), denial-of-service against industrial control systems can have severe operational and safety consequences. The vulnerability was reported by CERT@VDE, a specialized CERT for automation and control systems in Germany, suggesting real-world relevance to industrial environments. No EPSS score or KEV listing is provided in the available data, and no public proof-of-concept is mentioned, but the low attack complexity and unauthenticated network access vector make exploitation straightforward for attackers familiar with format string attacks. Organizations running affected CODESYS runtime systems with network-accessible audit logging should prioritize remediation.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated attacker on the network identifies a CODESYS Control runtime system with accessible audit logging functionality, then crafts malicious network requests containing format string specifiers (such as %n, %s, or multiple %x sequences) that are processed by the audit log mechanism. When the CODESYS runtime processes these malicious format strings during log generation, the vulnerability triggers memory corruption or an exception condition that crashes the control runtime, causing a denial-of-service that halts industrial automation processes. The low attack complexity and lack of authentication requirements mean exploitation can be automated and deployed against multiple targets in industrial networks, particularly during reconnaissance scans of OT environments.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 24, 2026

A format string vulnerability exists in the Audit Log component of CODESYS Control runtime system that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to inject malicious format specifiers into log messages. This affects numerous CODESYS Control products across multiple platforms including Windows, Linux, embedded systems (BeagleBone, Raspberry Pi, PFC100/200), and industrial controllers (Beckhoff CX, WAGO Touch Panels). Exploitation can lead to denial-of-service conditions by crashing the runtime system, with a CVSS score of 7.5 indicating high availability impact.

RemediationAI

Consult the CERT@VDE security advisory VDE-2026-018 at https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2026-018 for vendor-provided patches and specific version updates that address this format string vulnerability. Until patches can be applied, implement network segmentation to restrict access to CODESYS runtime systems from untrusted networks, disable or restrict remote access to audit log functionality if operationally feasible, and deploy intrusion detection systems to monitor for format string attack patterns in network traffic targeting CODESYS services. Given the unauthenticated remote attack vector, prioritize applying vendor patches as soon as they become available and conduct thorough testing in non-production environments before deploying to operational industrial control systems. Organizations should also review audit log configurations to minimize exposure of log processing interfaces to external networks.

Affected VersionsENISA

CODESYS Control for Raspberry Pi SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control for emPC-A/iMX6 SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control for Linux ARM SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control for BeagleBone SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Runtime Toolkit 3.5.17.0 <3.5.22.0
CODESYS Control Win (SL) 3.5.17.0 <3.5.22.0
CODESYS Control for Linux SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control for PFC100 SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control for PFC200 SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control for PLCnext SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control RTE (SL) 3.5.17.0 <3.5.22.0
CODESYS Control for WAGO Touch Panels 600 SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Control RTE (for Beckhoff CX) SL 3.5.17.0 <3.5.22.0
CODESYS Control for IOT2000 SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0
CODESYS Virtual Control SL 4.1.0.0 <4.21.0.0

Affected Packages

euvd codesys_control_for_beaglebone_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_empc_a_imx6_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_iot2000_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_linux_arm_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_linux_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_pfc100_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_pfc200_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_plcnext_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_raspberry_pi_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_for_wago_touch_panels_600_sl fix: 4.21.0.0
euvd codesys_control_rte_for_beckhoff_cx_sl fix: 3.5.22.0
euvd codesys_control_rte_sl fix: 3.5.22.0
euvd codesys_control_win_sl fix: 3.5.22.0
euvd codesys_runtime_toolkit fix: 3.5.22.0
euvd codesys_virtual_control_sl fix: 4.21.0.0

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 15 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability stems from CWE-134 (Use of Externally-Controlled Format String), where user-controlled input is passed directly to format string functions without proper sanitization in the CODESYS Control runtime's Audit Log mechanism. CODESYS is a widely-deployed industrial automation development platform used in programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and embedded control systems. The affected products span the entire CODESYS Control family including runtime environments (RTE), development toolkits, platform-specific implementations for ARM and x86 Linux, Windows, and vendor-specific variants for industrial hardware from Beckhoff, WAGO, Phoenix Contact (PLCnext), and others. Format string vulnerabilities occur when attacker-supplied data containing format specifiers like %s, %n, or %x is processed by functions like printf, syslog, or similar logging functions, potentially causing crashes, memory corruption, or information disclosure depending on implementation.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Apr 16, 2026 - 05:29 EUVD
4.21.0.0,3.5.22.0
CVE Published
Mar 24, 2026 - 07:42 nvd
HIGH 7.5

DescriptionCVE.org

An unauthenticated remote attacker may be able to control the format string of messages processed by the Audit Log of the CODESYS Control runtime system, potentially resulting in a denial‑of‑service (DoS) condition.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-3509 is a format string vulnerability in CODESYS Control runtime systems that allows unauthenticated attackers to crash industrial control systems across multiple platforms, including embedded devices and factory automation controllers. This affects organizations relying on CODESYS-based automation infrastructure, creating risk of production downtime and loss of operational visibility in manufacturing and critical infrastructure environments.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching cannot be completed immediately: (1) Implement network access controls to restrict unauthenticated connectivity to CODESYS Control runtime systems; (2) Monitor Audit Log components for format string injection attempts; (3) Isolate affected systems behind firewall rules limiting exposure to trusted networks only; (4) Enable runtime monitoring and alerting for unexpected system crashes or restarts.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 76% exploitable
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

38
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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