Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft malicious link targeting reflected parameter
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DeliveryDeliver link to victim via phishing
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ExploitVictim clicks and request is reflected
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ExecutionScript executes in victim browser
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ImpactSteal session or act as victim
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires an attacker to deliver a crafted URL that the module reflects back into a generated web page without proper neutralization, and the targeted victim must actively open that link in a browser (UI:R) - this user-interaction requirement is the primary limiting factor. The specific parameter, page, or form field that reflects attacker input is not described in the available sources. No authentication is required of the attacker (PR:N), but impact is bounded to the victim's own browser session and privileges in the Drupal site. The flaw is present across all versions from 0.0.0 up to (but not including) 2.4.0 of the Email Verification / SMS Verification / OTP Verification module; sites running 2.4.0 or later per the vendor patch are not affected. |
| Impact | This is a moderate-severity reflected cross-site scripting flaw (CWE-79) in the Drupal contrib module 'Email Verification / SMS Verification / OTP Verification', scoped as CVSS 5.4 (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N). The signals are internally consistent and point to a low-to-moderate real-world priority rather than an emergency: the network vector with no privileges required (PR:N) is offset by the mandatory user interaction (UI:R), which means an attacker must lure a victim into clicking a crafted link. EPSS is 0.16% (5th percentile), indicating very low modeled probability of exploitation, and the vulnerability is NOT in CISA KEV, so there is no confirmed active exploitation. No proof-of-concept or working exploit reference is present in the supplied data - the only references are the Drupal security advisory (SA-contrib-2026-125) and the NVD/EUVD detail page. The vuln.today decision label is 'this_month', consistent with a patch-when-convenient cadence rather than act_now. The limited impact (C:L/I:L, A:N) reflects typical reflected XSS consequences - session/credential theft or limited action-on-behalf-of-victim within one browser session - not system compromise. There is no conflict among the signals; low EPSS, absence from KEV, and the moderate CVSS together suggest a genuine but non-urgent issue that should be remediated on a routine patch cycle. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker crafts a malicious URL targeting the verification module's reflected input and sends it to an authenticated Drupal site visitor or administrator via phishing. When the victim clicks the link, attacker-controlled script executes in their browser session in the site's context, enabling session cookie theft or limited actions as that user. No public exploit code is identified in the available data, and successful attack requires the victim to interact with the crafted link (UI:R). |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 22, 2026
Reflected cross-site scripting (CVSS 5.4) affects the Drupal contrib module 'Email Verification / SMS Verification / OTP Verification' in all versions from 0.0.0 through 2.4.0, allowing an attacker who convinces a victim to open a crafted URL to execute script in that victim's browser session on the Drupal site. No authentication is required of the attacker, but exploitation depends on victim interaction (UI:R) and the specific reflecting parameter is not described in the available sources. No public exploit code or active exploitation is known, EPSS is low at 0.16% (5th percentile), and the vendor has released a patch in version 2.4.0.
RemediationAI
Upgrade the Drupal contrib module Email Verification / SMS Verification / OTP Verification to version 2.4.0 or later, which the vendor released to address this reflected XSS; the fix is documented in the Drupal security advisory at https://www.drupal.org/sa-contrib-2026-125. Because exploitation requires a victim to follow a crafted link (UI:R) and the reflecting parameter is not disclosed in public sources, no targeted configuration workaround can be specified from the available data, and applying the vendor update is the complete remediation. Until the module can be updated, treat unsolicited verification or OTP links as untrusted, and note that disabling the module's verification pages entirely would remove the exposure but also remove the email, SMS and OTP verification functionality from the site. EPSS is low (0.16%, 5th percentile) and no active exploitation is reported, so the update can be scheduled within the normal monthly maintenance cycle rather than as an emergency.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 2 packages in composer, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected component is a PHP-based contributed Drupal module that layers email, SMS and one-time-password verification flows onto Drupal's account and login handling. The root cause is CWE-79 (Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation): user-supplied input is echoed into a generated page without adequate output encoding or sanitization, so a crafted link renders attacker-controlled markup or script in the context of the Drupal site. Drupal contrib modules of this type typically touch form builders, themeable markup and AJAX callbacks, and XSS in such surfaces is confined to the victim's own browser session and site privileges, which is why the assessed vector sets scope to unchanged with low confidentiality and integrity impact. The CPE entry identifies the affected package as the combined 'email_verification_/_sms_verification_/_otp_verification' project; the precise parameter, route or form field that reflects attacker input is not described in the available sources, and the trigger mechanism beyond the general reflection pattern is likewise unstated.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
Reflected XSS delivered over the network needs no privileges (PR:N) but requires the victim to click a crafted link (UI:R), with limited confidentiality/integrity impact and no availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (drupal).
CVSS VectorVendor: drupal
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ("Cross-site Scripting") vulnerability in Drupal Email Verification / SMS Verification / OTP Verification allows Reflected XSS. This issue affects Email Verification / SMS Verification / OTP Verification versions: from 0.0.0 to 2.4.0.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
EUVD-2026-107874
GHSA-cr9m-wc8j-vr2m
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB