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Oracle Database Server EUVDEUVD-2026-106746

| CVE-2026-91503 HIGH
Improper Access Control (CWE-284)
2026-10-20 secalert_us@oracle.com GHSA-523r-r9q7-vcr2
8.1
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: oracle
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate with low-privilege Oracle account
  2. Exploit
    Connect to VPD component via Oracle Net
  3. Execution
    Abuse Create Table privilege to bypass VPD policy
  4. Impact
    Read, modify, or delete VPD-protected critical data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires a valid Oracle Database account holding the Create Table privilege and network reachability to the database via Oracle Net; the target is the Virtual Private Database (VPD) row-level security feature, so VPD policies must be in use for the impact to matter. Limiting factors: exploitation is authenticated (not pre-auth) and depends on low-privilege accounts being granted Create Table - environments that restrict Create Table to trusted administrators sharply reduce exposure. No user interaction is needed and attack complexity is low once those prerequisites are met. Affected versions: 19.3-19.32, 21.3-21.23, and 23.4.0-23.26.3.

Impact

The CVSS 3.1 base score of 8.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) places this in the High band, driven by network reachability, low attack complexity, no user interaction, and high confidentiality and integrity impact. The one meaningful brake is PR:L: the attacker must already hold a valid database account with the Create Table privilege, so this is a privilege-abuse / security-control-bypass issue rather than a pre-auth internet-facing flaw. No EPSS score, SSVC decision data, KEV listing, or public POC were provided in the input, so exploitation-probability and in-the-wild signals cannot be assessed - the risk rating rests solely on the CVSS vector and Oracle's description. Importantly, the CVSS vector (PR:L) directly contradicts the input 'Authentication Bypass' tag: Oracle's own text describes an authenticated low-privileged attacker, so this is a VPD (Virtual Private Database row-level security) policy bypass, not an authentication bypass - treat the tag as suspect. Real-world priority is genuine for organizations that grant Create Table to semi-trusted or multi-tenant database users, because it undermines VPD as a data-segregation control; it is lower priority where only trusted DBAs hold such privileges. Availability is unaffected (A:N).

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A low-privileged user (e.g., an application or reporting account) that holds the Create Table privilege connects to the database over Oracle Net and crafts objects/queries that subvert Virtual Private Database row-level security policies. This lets them read, create, delete, or modify data they should be restricted from, exposing or tampering with critical VPD-protected data across the database. No public exploit was identified at the time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 20, 2026

Oracle Database Server in versions 19.3-19.32, 21.3-21.23, and 23.4.0-23.26.3 lets an authenticated low-privileged user who holds the Create Table privilege subvert the Virtual Private Database (VPD) row-level security feature over Oracle Net, gaining unauthorized read, creation, modification, and deletion access to data those VPD policies are supposed to protect. Successful exploitation yields high confidentiality and integrity impact (CVSS 3.1 base 8.1, AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N) with no user interaction required; the attacker must already have a valid database account and network reachability to the database listener. No public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation were identified at time of analysis, and no EPSS score was supplied in the source data, so the practical risk is concentrated in environments where low-privilege accounts are routinely granted Create Table.

RemediationAI

Apply the Oracle Critical Patch Update for October 2026 (https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2026.html), which is the vendor's patch vehicle for this VPD defect; the specific post-patch build numbers per release line are not included in the supplied data and must be read from that advisory before scheduling, so treat this as patch available per vendor advisory rather than a confirmed fix version. Because exploitation is authenticated and gated on Create Table, the highest-value compensating control is to audit and revoke CREATE TABLE from application and reporting accounts that do not need it (grant it only to trusted schema owners or via definer-rights procedures) - the trade-off is that ad-hoc DDL by developers or ETL jobs will break and must be redirected through controlled deployment accounts. In parallel, restrict Oracle Net reachability with listener ACLs, sqlnet.ora tcp.invited_nodes/tcp.excluded_nodes, and network firewall rules so only application tiers can open sessions; this adds configuration overhead and can lock out legitimate clients if allowlists are incomplete. Oracle Database Vault can be used to contain the Create Table privilege and block unauthorized object creation in protected realms, at the cost of additional licensing and a policy-design effort. Until patched, monitor for unexpected object creation in schemas that interact with VPD-protected tables and for queries that return rows outside a session's expected policy scope.

Affected VersionsENISA

Oracle Database Server 19.3 ≤19.32
Oracle Database Server 21.3 ≤21.23
Oracle Database Server 23.4.0 ≤23.26.3

Affected Packages

euvd oracle_database_server no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

Oracle Virtual Private Database (VPD), also marketed as Fine-Grained Access Control, enforces row-level security by dynamically attaching predicates to SQL statements that touch policy-protected tables, views, and synonyms, so the database rewrites queries rather than relying on application logic. This issue is a flaw inside the VPD component itself: an attacker operating with only the Create Table privilege can create schema objects that interfere with how VPD policies are resolved or applied, allowing the policy predicate to be bypassed and the underlying rows to be read or changed. The attack is delivered over Oracle Net (SQL*Net/TNS) to the database listener, meaning it is reachable from any host that can open a database session, and attack complexity is low once credentials exist. No CWE identifier was supplied in the source data, so the root-cause class cannot be mapped to a specific weakness family from the input; the authoritative characterization is the Oracle-published CVSS vector CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N, which fixes the scope as unchanged and limits the impact to confidentiality and integrity (no availability effect). Exposure is only meaningful in deployments that actually rely on VPD policies for data isolation; a database with no VPD policies in place would not see this specific security boundary crossed.

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Severity by source

Vendor (oracle) PRIMARY 8.1 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 8.1 HIGH

Network-reachable via Oracle Net (AV:N) with low complexity, but requires an authenticated account with Create Table privilege (PR:L); high confidentiality and integrity impact, no availability effect.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (oracle).

CVSS VectorVendor: oracle

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the VPD component of Oracle Database Server. Supported versions that are affected are 19.3-19.32, 21.3-21.23 and 23.4.0-23.26.3. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker having Create Table privilege with network access via Oracle Net to compromise VPD. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all VPD accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all VPD accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A high-severity flaw in Oracle Database Server versions 19.3-19.32, 21.3-21.23, and 23.4.0-23.26.3 can let an authenticated low-privilege account with Create Table privilege undermine the row-level access controls that segregate sensitive information. Leadership should care because this creates potential unauthorized access to and alteration of regulated or customer data, with compliance, insider-risk, and trust implications for any application relying on Virtual Private Database protections.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis; interim mitigations include removing or tightly restricting Create Table from low-privilege accounts, enforcing least privilege and periodic privilege recertification, limiting network access to the Oracle listener, enabling comprehensive auditing and alerting for VPD policy changes and anomalous DML, reviewing VPD-protected data for unauthorized access or modification, and using Oracle Database Vault or equivalent separation-of-duty controls where available.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 81% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Oracle Database is widely deployed enterprise database software
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

40
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +40
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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