Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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ReconEnumerate site for MailOptin registration form
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DeliveryRead form UUID from page source
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ExploitPOST crafted subscribe_to_email_list request
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InstallInject ID and user_pass field mappings
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C2Force wp_insert_user() into UPDATE mode
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ExecuteOverwrite admin password hash
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ImpactLog in as administrator for full compromise
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Least privilege enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires that a MailOptin 'WordPress User Registration' connection opt-in form is published somewhere on the target site; the attacker reads the form's UUID directly from the page source. Given that, the subscribe_to_email_list endpoint requires no authentication, nonce, or capability check, and the subscribe() path passes attacker-controlled optin_data[form_custom_field_mappings] keys (including ID and user_pass) straight into wp_insert_user() with no destination-key allow-list. The sole limiting factor is the presence of that published User Registration form - sites using MailOptin only for mailing-list/popup optins without the user-registration connection are not exploitable. No user interaction, privileges, or non-default server settings are otherwise needed. |
| Impact | This is a genuine high-priority vulnerability, not a high-CVSS-but-low-real-risk case. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/C:H/I:H/A:H, 9.8) is fully consistent with the description: an unauthenticated, network-reachable endpoint (subscribe_to_email_list) with no nonce or capability check lets an attacker coerce wp_insert_user() into UPDATE mode and overwrite any account's password, including administrators, yielding full site compromise. All severity signals align rather than conflict - the technical impact is total (admin account takeover), exploitation is automatable, and no authentication is required. The one mitigating factor the raw CVSS does not capture is that a published WordPress User Registration opt-in form must exist on the target site, so exploitability is conditional on site configuration rather than universal across all MailOptin installs. No EPSS score, KEV listing, or public POC was provided in the input, so real-world exploitation volume cannot be quantified; this rating rests on the vendor-confirmed technical analysis (Wordfence) and source-code references, not on observed attacks. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An unauthenticated attacker locates a site running MailOptin with a published WordPress User Registration opt-in form, extracts the form UUID from the page source, and submits a crafted subscribe_to_email_list request whose optin_data[form_custom_field_mappings] maps attacker input to the wp_users ID and user_pass columns. By supplying an administrator's numeric ID and a pre-computed password hash, the request forces wp_insert_user() to update that admin account, handing the attacker working credentials. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, but the vulnerable code paths are documented in the referenced plugin source. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 16, 2026
Unauthenticated attackers can take over any WordPress user account, including administrators, on sites running the MailOptin plugin up to version 1.2.78.6 that have a 'WordPress User Registration' opt-in form published. The flaw allows manipulation of the optin_data[form_custom_field_mappings] parameter to override saved mappings, enabling injection of arbitrary wp_users column names (e.g., ID, user_pass) into wp_insert_user(), which then updates the target account's password. No authentication, nonce, or capability check is required, and the only prerequisite is the presence of the registration form; sites using MailOptin solely for mailing-list optins without this connection are not affected. No public exploit identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
Update the MailOptin plugin beyond version 1.2.78.6 as soon as a patched release is available; the vendor has addressed the issue in changeset 3744644, which modifies the vulnerable Subscription.php file (see https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3744644/mailoptin/trunk/src/connections/WordPressUserRegistrationConnect/Subscription.php). Because no released version number is explicitly confirmed in the available data, verify the plugin's changelog before upgrading. If immediate update is not possible, disable or remove any 'WordPress User Registration' connection opt-in forms, as the vulnerability is only exploitable when such a form is published; the trade-off is that user registration via MailOptin will no longer function. Additionally, consider blocking or restricting access to the subscribe_to_email_list AJAX endpoint, though this may break legitimate opt-in and subscription features. Monitor the plugin's Trac and the Wordfence advisory (https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/96111116-6b6f-42fc-98d8-6f5c27dc3c1c?source=cve) for an official patched version and further guidance.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The MailOptin WordPress plugin exposes an AJAX endpoint, subscribe_to_email_list, which handles subscription form submissions. The vulnerability stems from improper privilege management (CWE-269) in the WordPressUserRegistrationConnect component: the subscribe() function in src/connections/WordPressUserRegistrationConnect/Subscription.php passes attacker-controlled keys from optin_data[form_custom_field_mappings] directly into wp_insert_user() without an allow-list of permitted destination columns (as also seen in AbstractConnect.php and AjaxHandler.php). By supplying a numeric ID and a pre-hashed user_pass in the mapping, an attacker forces wp_insert_user() into UPDATE mode, overwriting the target user's password. The endpoint lacks nonce, capability, or authentication checks, and the required form UUID is exposed in the page source of any published 'WordPress User Registration' opt-in form. Affected installations are identified by CPE cpe:2.3:a:properfraction:mailoptin_-_popup,_optin_forms_&_email_newsletters_for_mailchimp,_hubspot,_aweber_etc.:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, and the vulnerability is present in all versions up to and including 1.2.78.6.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Unauthenticated network endpoint with no nonce/capability check (PR:N, UI:N, AC:L); arbitrary admin account takeover gives full confidentiality, integrity and availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (Wordfence).
CVSS VectorVendor: Wordfence
DescriptionCVE.org
The MailOptin - Popup, Optin Forms & Email Newsletters for Mailchimp, HubSpot, AWeber Etc. plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Privilege Escalation in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.78.6 This is due to the subscribe_to_email_list endpoint accepting an attacker-supplied optin_data[form_custom_field_mappings] parameter without any allow-list validation on destination keys, allowing the attacker-controlled mapping to override the administrator's saved mapping and pass arbitrary wp_users column names - including ID and user_pass - directly into wp_insert_user() via the subscribe() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to force wp_insert_user() into UPDATE mode on any existing account by supplying a target user's numeric ID, overwrite that account's password with a pre-hashed value of their choosing, and thereby take over any WordPress user account - including administrators - leading to full site compromise. Exploitation requires that a WordPress User Registration opt-in form is published somewhere on the site, though the form's UUID is visible in page source and no authentication, nonce, or capability check is required to reach the vulnerable endpoint.
Executive ViewAI
Sites running the WordPress MailOptin plugin at version 1.2.78.6 or earlier that publish a 'WordPress User Registration' opt-in form are exposed to full takeover of any user account, including administrator accounts, which can lead to complete compromise of the website and any data or integrations it hosts. Because no vendor patch is currently available, affected organizations must act on configuration changes alone, and any site where the plugin is used purely for mailing-list opt-ins without that registration form is not exposed.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: unpublish or disable the 'WordPress User Registration' opt-in form, or deactivate the MailOptin plugin entirely on affected sites; deploy WAF or virtual-patching rules targeting the optin_data[form_custom_field_mappings] parameter; reset administrator credentials and enable multi-factor authentication; restrict wp-admin access and monitor wp_users and authentication logs for unauthorized password or account changes.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.
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EUVD-2026-102644
GHSA-f6hj-w62g-r97p
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB