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Weak key derivation in openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 exposes all files encrypted via the D-Bus CryptoService.EncryptFile handler to accelerated offline password guessing attacks that shatter the tool's documented confidentiality guarantees. The handler uses a single-pass SHA-256 hash for key derivation instead of a memory-hard algorithm such as Argon2id, enabling any attacker who obtains an encrypted file to crack the password six to seven orders of magnitude faster than the product implies. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the weakness is structurally trivial to exploit with commodity GPU cracking tooling.
Weak pepper wrap key derivation in openssl_encrypt (versions before 1.4.9) allows fleet-wide offline password recovery against all users from a single precomputed dictionary table. The library derives its remote-pepper wrap key using unsalted HKDF-SHA256 or bare SHA-256 of the password, producing identical wrap keys across every user and every file - eliminating the per-user randomness that salting is designed to provide. Any attacker who obtains wrapped pepper blobs can precompute one lookup table and attack the entire user population at GPU-limited speed. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Unsalted MD5 password hashing in FrontAccounting through 2.4.20 renders every stored credential recoverable in minutes if the database is compromised. All authentication-related code paths - user creation, password updates, self-service password change, forgotten-password reset, and login verification - use raw md5() with no per-user salt, so identical passwords produce identical digests and the entire user table can be cracked en masse with rainbow tables or GPU-accelerated tools. No active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified, but the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.2 with VC:H reflects that a single database breach translates directly to full plaintext credential exposure across all accounts.
Key derivation in VeraCrypt's non-default wolfCrypt backend silently substituted HKDF for PBKDF2-HMAC in SHA-256 and SHA-512 volume-header derivation, discarding the configured iteration count entirely - meaning any PIM or iteration tuning applied by users of affected builds provided zero additional brute-force resistance. Any attacker who obtains a volume file produced by a WOLFCRYPT=1 source build can attempt password recovery at HKDF speeds rather than PBKDF2-iterated cost, dramatically reducing the work factor. Official precompiled VeraCrypt binaries and standard distribution packages are entirely unaffected; no public exploit has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Weak bcrypt work factor in Rockwell Automation OTTO Fleet Manager exposes stored password hashes to accelerated offline brute-force attacks when an attacker gains access to an unencrypted system backup. All versions covered by CPE cpe:2.3:a:rockwell_automation:otto®_fleet_manager:* are affected. An adjacent-network attacker with low-level access who obtains a system backup could recover credentials more easily than a properly configured bcrypt implementation would permit, potentially enabling privilege escalation or lateral movement within the OT environment. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Key derivation bypass in jahlives/openssl_encrypt PHP library before 1.4.6 allows offline password cracking at SHA-256 speed against credentials derived under the flawed sequential XOR composition mode. An algebraic cancellation in the key generation routine causes the memory-hard KDF's final stage to nullify itself, stripping the configured computational cost entirely and collapsing security to that of a single SHA-256 hash. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the impact is severe for any application storing user passwords in the vulnerable configuration.
Root password hash exposure in ZTE F689 firmware allows a physical attacker to extract credential material stored in cleartext or weakly protected form within the device firmware image. The F689 is an ISP-deployed broadband gateway, and this vulnerability (CWE-916) means the hash protecting root-level access uses insufficient computational effort, making offline cracking feasible once extracted. No public exploit code has been identified and no active exploitation is confirmed; however, successful hash recovery grants an attacker a path to persistent root-level device compromise.
Windu CMS 4.1 stores user passwords using MD5 and SHA1 with a static salt, providing negligible resistance against offline cracking once password hashes are obtained. An attacker who acquires the credential database - through SQL injection, a backup exposure, or any secondary breach - can recover plaintext passwords rapidly using precomputed rainbow tables or GPU-accelerated cracking tools. No active exploitation has been confirmed (no CISA KEV listing, no public proof-of-concept), though the weakness is structurally severe: static salts eliminate the primary defense against precomputation attacks and MD5/SHA1 are high-throughput algorithms entirely unsuited to password storage.
Credential disclosure in TP-Link Deco M5 v1 mesh routers stems from a weak (computationally cheap) password-hashing scheme used to store local user credentials, letting an attacker who has already obtained the stored hash recover the plaintext password via offline brute-force or dictionary attacks. Affected devices are the Deco M5 v1 hardware revision, and successful cracking yields access to device management functions scoped to the recovered account's privileges. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:H) reflects that it is a post-compromise credential-recovery weakness rather than a remote entry point.
Offline administrator password recovery in Kestra OSS (versions prior to 1.3.24) stems from its BasicAuth component storing the admin credential as a fast SHA-512 hash. An attacker who already holds read access to the backing PostgreSQL database can extract that hash and crack it offline at high speed, then log in as administrator; in Kubernetes deployments this further exposes the cluster ServiceAccount token and all K8s Secrets, enabling vertical privilege escalation. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and not on CISA KEV; EPSS data was not provided.
Weak key derivation in openssl_encrypt before 1.4.9 exposes all files encrypted via the D-Bus CryptoService.EncryptFile handler to accelerated offline password guessing attacks that shatter the tool's documented confidentiality guarantees. The handler uses a single-pass SHA-256 hash for key derivation instead of a memory-hard algorithm such as Argon2id, enabling any attacker who obtains an encrypted file to crack the password six to seven orders of magnitude faster than the product implies. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the weakness is structurally trivial to exploit with commodity GPU cracking tooling.
Weak pepper wrap key derivation in openssl_encrypt (versions before 1.4.9) allows fleet-wide offline password recovery against all users from a single precomputed dictionary table. The library derives its remote-pepper wrap key using unsalted HKDF-SHA256 or bare SHA-256 of the password, producing identical wrap keys across every user and every file - eliminating the per-user randomness that salting is designed to provide. Any attacker who obtains wrapped pepper blobs can precompute one lookup table and attack the entire user population at GPU-limited speed. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and this CVE is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.
Unsalted MD5 password hashing in FrontAccounting through 2.4.20 renders every stored credential recoverable in minutes if the database is compromised. All authentication-related code paths - user creation, password updates, self-service password change, forgotten-password reset, and login verification - use raw md5() with no per-user salt, so identical passwords produce identical digests and the entire user table can be cracked en masse with rainbow tables or GPU-accelerated tools. No active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified, but the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.2 with VC:H reflects that a single database breach translates directly to full plaintext credential exposure across all accounts.
Key derivation in VeraCrypt's non-default wolfCrypt backend silently substituted HKDF for PBKDF2-HMAC in SHA-256 and SHA-512 volume-header derivation, discarding the configured iteration count entirely - meaning any PIM or iteration tuning applied by users of affected builds provided zero additional brute-force resistance. Any attacker who obtains a volume file produced by a WOLFCRYPT=1 source build can attempt password recovery at HKDF speeds rather than PBKDF2-iterated cost, dramatically reducing the work factor. Official precompiled VeraCrypt binaries and standard distribution packages are entirely unaffected; no public exploit has been identified and this vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV.
Weak bcrypt work factor in Rockwell Automation OTTO Fleet Manager exposes stored password hashes to accelerated offline brute-force attacks when an attacker gains access to an unencrypted system backup. All versions covered by CPE cpe:2.3:a:rockwell_automation:otto®_fleet_manager:* are affected. An adjacent-network attacker with low-level access who obtains a system backup could recover credentials more easily than a properly configured bcrypt implementation would permit, potentially enabling privilege escalation or lateral movement within the OT environment. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.
Key derivation bypass in jahlives/openssl_encrypt PHP library before 1.4.6 allows offline password cracking at SHA-256 speed against credentials derived under the flawed sequential XOR composition mode. An algebraic cancellation in the key generation routine causes the memory-hard KDF's final stage to nullify itself, stripping the configured computational cost entirely and collapsing security to that of a single SHA-256 hash. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the impact is severe for any application storing user passwords in the vulnerable configuration.
Root password hash exposure in ZTE F689 firmware allows a physical attacker to extract credential material stored in cleartext or weakly protected form within the device firmware image. The F689 is an ISP-deployed broadband gateway, and this vulnerability (CWE-916) means the hash protecting root-level access uses insufficient computational effort, making offline cracking feasible once extracted. No public exploit code has been identified and no active exploitation is confirmed; however, successful hash recovery grants an attacker a path to persistent root-level device compromise.
Windu CMS 4.1 stores user passwords using MD5 and SHA1 with a static salt, providing negligible resistance against offline cracking once password hashes are obtained. An attacker who acquires the credential database - through SQL injection, a backup exposure, or any secondary breach - can recover plaintext passwords rapidly using precomputed rainbow tables or GPU-accelerated cracking tools. No active exploitation has been confirmed (no CISA KEV listing, no public proof-of-concept), though the weakness is structurally severe: static salts eliminate the primary defense against precomputation attacks and MD5/SHA1 are high-throughput algorithms entirely unsuited to password storage.
Credential disclosure in TP-Link Deco M5 v1 mesh routers stems from a weak (computationally cheap) password-hashing scheme used to store local user credentials, letting an attacker who has already obtained the stored hash recover the plaintext password via offline brute-force or dictionary attacks. Affected devices are the Deco M5 v1 hardware revision, and successful cracking yields access to device management functions scoped to the recovered account's privileges. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:H) reflects that it is a post-compromise credential-recovery weakness rather than a remote entry point.
Offline administrator password recovery in Kestra OSS (versions prior to 1.3.24) stems from its BasicAuth component storing the admin credential as a fast SHA-512 hash. An attacker who already holds read access to the backing PostgreSQL database can extract that hash and crack it offline at high speed, then log in as administrator; in Kubernetes deployments this further exposes the cluster ServiceAccount token and all K8s Secrets, enabling vertical privilege escalation. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and not on CISA KEV; EPSS data was not provided.