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CWE-407

Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity

42 CVEs Avg CVSS 6.2 MITRE
0
CRITICAL
17
HIGH
19
MEDIUM
5
LOW
7
POC
0
KEV

Monthly

CVE-2026-44378 MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Quadratic-complexity denial of service in Botan's BER parser affects all versions prior to 3.12.0, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust CPU resources by submitting crafted ASN.1 data. The parser accepted indefinite-length encodings even in structures required to use DER (which explicitly prohibits them), and specific patterns of such encodings trigger O(n²) algorithmic behavior. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
CVSS 4.0
6.9
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2026-48959 PATCH Monitor

IO::Uncompress::Unzip versions before 2.220 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via per-byte read loop in fastForward. fastForward() compares length $offset (the digit count of the offset, 1 to 19) against the chunk size $c instead of $offset itself, so $c shrinks from 16 KiB to 1-19 bytes per iteration. Extracting a named entry from an attacker supplied zip via IO::Uncompress::Unzip->new($zip, Name => $target) drives a per-byte read loop scaling with the entry's compressed size, up to the non-Zip64 4 GiB cap.

Information Disclosure Io
NVD GitHub
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2026-44390 MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Denial of service in NLnet Labs Unbound 1.25.0 and earlier allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust CPU resources by querying for content from a specially crafted malicious DNS zone containing very large RRsets whose records share no suffix above the root. The name compression logic fails to increment its bounding counter in this edge-case code path, causing an unbounded CPU-locking loop until packet construction completes. This is a complement fix to CVE-2024-8508, which introduced a compression limit in 1.21.1 that did not cover this specific bypass scenario; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Denial Of Service Suse
NVD VulDB
CVSS 4.0
6.9
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2026-42923 MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Unbound DNS resolver up to and including version 1.25.0 exposes a denial-of-service condition in its DNSSEC validation stack, specifically in the negative cache code path used to look up DS records. An adversary who controls a DNSSEC-signed zone can craft NSEC3 records with high-but-permissible iteration counts for child delegations, causing any vulnerable Unbound instance that queries those records to perform unbounded SHA-1 hash computations while holding a global negative cache lock - blocking all other threads that need cache access. No public exploit code exists and this is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, but coordinated query floods against the vulnerable code path could escalate a single-instance slowdown into a full denial of service.

Denial Of Service Suse
NVD VulDB
CVSS 4.0
6.9
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2026-41292 MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Unbound DNS resolver versions up to and including 1.25.0 allow remote unauthenticated attackers to degrade or deny service by sending DNS queries carrying abnormally large numbers of EDNS options, causing resolver threads to become occupied with unbounded parsing and internal data structure allocation. Coordinated multi-source attacks amplify thread exhaustion into full denial of service for legitimate DNS clients. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; vendor-released patch is available in Unbound 1.25.1, which enforces a hard cap of 100 incoming EDNS options.

Denial Of Service Suse
NVD VulDB
CVSS 4.0
6.6
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2026-45186 LOW POC PATCH Monitor

Denial of service in libexpat before 2.8.1 allows local attackers to cause excessive CPU consumption through moderately sized crafted XML input containing duplicate attribute definitions. The vulnerability exploits quadratic algorithmic complexity in attribute name collision checks (CWE-407), enabling denial of service with non-interactive local access. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; this is a low-severity DoS requiring local access on a system parsing untrusted XML.

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
CVSS 3.1
2.9
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2026-43967 HIGH PATCH GHSA This Week

Unauthenticated denial of service in absinthe-graphql versions 1.2.0 through 1.10.1 allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU resources via quadratic-complexity validation. Attackers submit GraphQL documents with tens of thousands of fragment definitions (~60,000 fragments in a 1 MB payload), triggering O(N²) comparisons during fragment-name uniqueness validation - approximately 3.6 billion comparisons per request. No authentication, schema knowledge, or special server configuration is required. Patch available in version 1.10.2 via GitHub commit 223600c (replaces nested loop with single-pass frequency map).

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
CVSS 4.0
8.7
EPSS
0.1%
CVE-2026-42245 Ruby LOW PATCH GHSA Monitor

net-imap ResponseReader exhibits quadratic time complexity O(n²) when parsing IMAP responses containing multiple string literals, allowing hostile IMAP servers to exhaust client CPU and block other threads via denial of service. A maliciously crafted response can consume 100-200ms per regex scan repeated hundreds of thousands of times per megabyte, holding the Global VM lock and starving concurrent threads despite staying within max_response_size limits. Vendor-released patches available in versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4.

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
CVSS 4.0
2.3
EPSS
0.1%
CVE-2026-40476 PHP MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Denial of service in graphql-go versions 15.31.4 and below allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger excessive CPU consumption during GraphQL query validation by submitting queries with thousands of repeated identical fields, exploiting O(n²) complexity in the OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation rule. The vulnerability bypasses existing QueryDepth and QueryComplexity mitigations. Vendor-released patch: version 15.31.5.

Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub VulDB
CVSS 4.0
6.9
EPSS
0.0%
CVE-2025-67841 HIGH This Week

Nordic Semiconductor IronSide SE for nRF54H20 before 23.0.2+17 has an Algorithmic complexity issue.

Information Disclosure
NVD
CVSS 3.1
7.5
EPSS
0.0%
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Quadratic-complexity denial of service in Botan's BER parser affects all versions prior to 3.12.0, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust CPU resources by submitting crafted ASN.1 data. The parser accepted indefinite-length encodings even in structures required to use DER (which explicitly prohibits them), and specific patterns of such encodings trigger O(n²) algorithmic behavior. No active exploitation has been confirmed (not in CISA KEV) and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0%
PATCH Monitor

IO::Uncompress::Unzip versions before 2.220 for Perl allow CPU exhaustion via per-byte read loop in fastForward. fastForward() compares length $offset (the digit count of the offset, 1 to 19) against the chunk size $c instead of $offset itself, so $c shrinks from 16 KiB to 1-19 bytes per iteration. Extracting a named entry from an attacker supplied zip via IO::Uncompress::Unzip->new($zip, Name => $target) drives a per-byte read loop scaling with the entry's compressed size, up to the non-Zip64 4 GiB cap.

Information Disclosure Io
NVD GitHub
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Denial of service in NLnet Labs Unbound 1.25.0 and earlier allows remote unauthenticated attackers to exhaust CPU resources by querying for content from a specially crafted malicious DNS zone containing very large RRsets whose records share no suffix above the root. The name compression logic fails to increment its bounding counter in this edge-case code path, causing an unbounded CPU-locking loop until packet construction completes. This is a complement fix to CVE-2024-8508, which introduced a compression limit in 1.21.1 that did not cover this specific bypass scenario; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Denial Of Service Suse
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Unbound DNS resolver up to and including version 1.25.0 exposes a denial-of-service condition in its DNSSEC validation stack, specifically in the negative cache code path used to look up DS records. An adversary who controls a DNSSEC-signed zone can craft NSEC3 records with high-but-permissible iteration counts for child delegations, causing any vulnerable Unbound instance that queries those records to perform unbounded SHA-1 hash computations while holding a global negative cache lock - blocking all other threads that need cache access. No public exploit code exists and this is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog at time of analysis, but coordinated query floods against the vulnerable code path could escalate a single-instance slowdown into a full denial of service.

Denial Of Service Suse
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.6
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Unbound DNS resolver versions up to and including 1.25.0 allow remote unauthenticated attackers to degrade or deny service by sending DNS queries carrying abnormally large numbers of EDNS options, causing resolver threads to become occupied with unbounded parsing and internal data structure allocation. Coordinated multi-source attacks amplify thread exhaustion into full denial of service for legitimate DNS clients. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; vendor-released patch is available in Unbound 1.25.1, which enforces a hard cap of 100 incoming EDNS options.

Denial Of Service Suse
NVD VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.9
LOW POC PATCH Monitor

Denial of service in libexpat before 2.8.1 allows local attackers to cause excessive CPU consumption through moderately sized crafted XML input containing duplicate attribute definitions. The vulnerability exploits quadratic algorithmic complexity in attribute name collision checks (CWE-407), enabling denial of service with non-interactive local access. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified; this is a low-severity DoS requiring local access on a system parsing untrusted XML.

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 8.7
HIGH PATCH This Week

Unauthenticated denial of service in absinthe-graphql versions 1.2.0 through 1.10.1 allows remote attackers to exhaust CPU resources via quadratic-complexity validation. Attackers submit GraphQL documents with tens of thousands of fragment definitions (~60,000 fragments in a 1 MB payload), triggering O(N²) comparisons during fragment-name uniqueness validation - approximately 3.6 billion comparisons per request. No authentication, schema knowledge, or special server configuration is required. Patch available in version 1.10.2 via GitHub commit 223600c (replaces nested loop with single-pass frequency map).

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 2.3
LOW PATCH Monitor

net-imap ResponseReader exhibits quadratic time complexity O(n²) when parsing IMAP responses containing multiple string literals, allowing hostile IMAP servers to exhaust client CPU and block other threads via denial of service. A maliciously crafted response can consume 100-200ms per regex scan repeated hundreds of thousands of times per megabyte, holding the Global VM lock and starving concurrent threads despite staying within max_response_size limits. Vendor-released patches available in versions 0.4.24, 0.5.14, and 0.6.4.

Denial Of Service
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 6.9
MEDIUM PATCH This Month

Denial of service in graphql-go versions 15.31.4 and below allows remote unauthenticated attackers to trigger excessive CPU consumption during GraphQL query validation by submitting queries with thousands of repeated identical fields, exploiting O(n²) complexity in the OverlappingFieldsCanBeMerged validation rule. The vulnerability bypasses existing QueryDepth and QueryComplexity mitigations. Vendor-released patch: version 15.31.5.

Information Disclosure
NVD GitHub VulDB
EPSS 0% CVSS 7.5
HIGH This Week

Nordic Semiconductor IronSide SE for nRF54H20 before 23.0.2+17 has an Algorithmic complexity issue.

Information Disclosure
NVD

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