Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain authenticated admin session
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DeliverySubmit add-user.php with script in level param
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ExploitPayload stored/reflected without encoding
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ExecutionScript executes in admin browser context
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ImpactSession/UI compromise of privileged user
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Output encoding, context-aware escaping
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires an authenticated administrator session, because the vulnerable endpoint admin/add-user.php is an administrative account-creation function (reflected in PR:H). It further requires user interaction (UI:P) - a privileged user must view the page rendering the injected level value. Limiting factors: the attacker must already possess admin-level access (making it effectively self-XSS or insider/post-compromise use), the impact is confined to script execution in the browser (integrity only, no direct confidentiality or availability loss), and the affected software is a niche code-projects PHP application unlikely to be exposed at scale. It is NOT remotely exploitable by an unauthenticated attacker against a default configuration. |
| Impact | This is a low-real-risk, high-noise finding. The vendor CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N, score 1.9) is the most telling signal: exploitation requires HIGH privileges (PR:H) because add-user.php lives under the admin/ path and is an administrator account-creation function, plus passive user interaction (UI:P) and only limited integrity impact (VI:L) with no confidentiality or availability impact. In practice this is close to self-XSS - an authenticated administrator injecting script into a field (level) that they themselves control - so it only becomes meaningful if a stored payload is later rendered to another privileged viewer. SSVC-style reading: technical impact is partial, automatability is low (requires an authenticated admin session and victim interaction), and there is no scope change to another security authority in the vendor scoring. Exploitation status: publicly available exploit code exists (VulDB submission 944589 / vuln 407935 and a public GitHub write-up), but this is NOT active exploitation - no CISA KEV listing and no EPSS score are present in the input, so POC availability must not be conflated with in-the-wild use. There are no conflicting signals here; the low CVSS, the high privilege requirement, and the obscure product all align toward de-prioritization. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who already holds administrator access to the Assessment Management panel submits admin/add-user.php with a malicious script payload in the level argument; the value is reflected/stored without output encoding and executes in the browser of an admin who later views it. A public proof-of-concept write-up exists (GitHub zzzxc643/CVE1), but because the vector requires PR:H plus victim interaction (UI:P), the realistic scenario is limited to insider misuse or a secondary attacker who has already compromised an admin session. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 20, 2026
Cross-site scripting in code-projects Assessment Management 1.0 allows an attacker who already holds an authenticated administrator session to inject script into the admin/add-user.php endpoint via the 'level' parameter, which is rendered back into the page without adequate output encoding. Exploitation requires user interaction - a privileged user must load the manipulated page - and the independent assessment rates the practical impact as low (integrity-limited script execution in the browser, no direct loss of confidentiality or availability). Public exploit code is available (a proof-of-concept writeup is linked from the NVD/VulDB references), but there is no indication of confirmed active exploitation in the wild.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch or fixed version was identified at time of analysis, so remediation must rely on compensating controls applied by the deployer; absence of a patch reference in the supplied data should not be read as proof that no fix exists, so the project page (https://code-projects.org/) and the VulDB record (https://vuldb.com/vuln/407935) should be monitored for an update. The most effective immediate control is to fix the code directly: apply contextual output encoding (e.g., PHP htmlspecialchars with ENT_QUOTES) to the 'level' value before it is echoed in admin/add-user.php and validate 'level' server-side against an allow-list of expected role values, since rejecting anything outside the enumerated set eliminates the injection primitive entirely. Where code changes are not possible, restrict the administrative interface so it is not reachable from untrusted networks - bind it to localhost or place it behind a VPN/authenticated reverse proxy - and add a WAF or input-filter rule blocking angle brackets and event-handler patterns in the 'level' parameter; the trade-off is that network restrictions break remote administration workflows and WAF rules are bypassable, so they are stopgaps rather than fixes. Given the requirement for a pre-existing admin session and forced user interaction, the practical exposure is low, but administrators should also avoid following untrusted links while logged into the panel, which reduces the user-interaction path the exploit depends on.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The affected component is a PHP web application, code-projects Assessment Management 1.0, built as a small academic/assessment management system with a session-protected administrative area. The vulnerable code path is the administrative add-user form handler at admin/add-user.php, where the 'level' value (intended to carry a user role or privilege level) is written into the generated HTML response without contextual output encoding, the classic CWE-79 improper-neutralization-of-input-during-web-page-generation pattern. There is no CPE dictionary entry published for this product in the supplied data, so scoping relies on the vendor/project identity (code-projects.org) and the affected script path. Per the independent assessment (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N, consistent with the vendor vector's PR:H and UI:P), the attacker must already possess admin-level access to reach the function, and a privileged user must be induced to view the crafted page, which confines realistic risk to self-XSS, insider misuse, or post-compromise activity rather than unauthenticated mass exploitation.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Vulnerable endpoint is admin-only account creation so PR:H; XSS needs a victim to render the payload (UI:R) and crosses into the browser context (S:C) with limited C/I impact, no availability effect.
Primary rating from Vendor (vuldb).
CVSS VectorVendor: vuldb
DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Assessment Management 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the file admin/add-user.php. The manipulation of the argument level results in cross site scripting. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Cross-Site Scripting occurs when an application accepts untrusted data and sends it to a web browser without proper validation or encoding.
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EUVD-2026-83719
GHSA-cg87-hqq8-vvcp
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB