Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Race condition exploitation requires precise timing (AC:H); local netlink interface access needs only low privileges (PR:L); UAF impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Primary rating from Vendor (Linux).
CVSS VectorVendor: Linux
Lifecycle Timeline
6DescriptionCVE.org
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
nfsd: defer vfree of compound ops to fix rpc_status UAF
The rpc_status netlink dumpit walks every in-flight svc_rqst under rcu_read_lock and, for NFSv4 requests, reads opnums out of args->ops[]. But args->ops is a separate vmalloc buffer freed synchronously by vfree() in nfsd4_release_compoundargs() at the end of every compound. The dumpit's rcu_read_lock pins the svc_rqst struct itself (freed via kfree_rcu), but nothing defers the vfree of the ops buffer across the RCU grace period. A concurrent compound completion can therefore free the buffer while the dumpit is reading it - a use-after-free on vmalloc memory.
The trailing seqcount recheck (smp_load_acquire of rq_status_counter) cannot undo a load that already retired against freed memory.
Fix by replacing vfree(args->ops) with kvfree_rcu_mightsleep(), which defers the free until after an RCU grace period. This makes the existing rcu_read_lock in the dumpit sufficient to protect the read. The tradeoff is that completed compound ops buffers (up to 200 * sizeof(struct nfsd4_op)) persist in memory slightly longer, across one grace period, before being reclaimed.
AnalysisAI
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel NFSD subsystem allows a local attacker with low privileges to read freed vmalloc memory or trigger kernel memory corruption via a race between the rpc_status netlink diagnostic interface and NFSv4 compound request teardown. The ops buffer (args->ops[]) is freed synchronously by vfree() in nfsd4_release_compoundargs() without waiting for an RCU grace period, while the rpc_status dumpit holds only an rcu_read_lock that protects the parent svc_rqst struct but not the separately vmalloc'd ops buffer. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires: (1) local shell access with at minimum unprivileged user credentials (PR:L - the rpc_status netlink interface is accessible without elevated capabilities); (2) Linux kernel version 6.7 or later without the fix patches applied (the vulnerability was introduced by commit bd9d6a3efa97); (3) the NFSD kernel module loaded and actively serving NFSv4 compound requests - systems that are not running the NFS server daemon are completely unexploitable; (4) successful timing of a race between the rpc_status netlink dumpit and concurrent NFSv4 compound teardown, requiring either naturally high server load or deliberate synchronization. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The vendor-assigned CVSS 3.1 score of 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L) correctly identifies local exploitation with low privileges via the rpc_status netlink interface, but the AC:L metric overestimates exploitability: successful exploitation requires a precise race between the netlink dumpit and concurrent NFSv4 compound completion, which in practice elevates real-world difficulty and makes AC:H a more honest assessment. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | Full exploit scenario with step-by-step reproduction available after sign-in. |
| Remediation | Update the Linux kernel to a fixed stable release: 6.12.109, 6.18.50, or 7.2.4, applying the upstream commits available at https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/48f72aff24f7a7329209dc6cbc27c869f3e3595c (6.18 branch), https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6703199f4d7e7f37d6a726a849eb358e8fae72fb (6.12 branch), and https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19413ccc45070a7270b9e25c2a258daf7f91de42 (7.2 branch). … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours, identify all Linux servers running NFSD and document their current kernel versions (6.12.x, 6.18.x, 7.2.x pre-patch). …
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-76602
GHSA-vprx-6mqf-hg7q