EUVD-2026-70528
GHSA-6m89-wc57-w677
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
PR:L because valid primary credentials are required; C:H/I:H for full account takeover; A:N as no availability impact exists.
Primary rating from Vendor (CIRCL).
CVSS VectorVendor: CIRCL
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability in MISP's email-based one-time password (OTP) authentication flow allowed an attacker to perform an unrestricted number of OTP verification attempts.
The email_otp() endpoint did not apply brute-force protection when validating submitted OTP values. An attacker who had reached the OTP verification stage, for example after successfully providing a user's primary authentication credentials, could repeatedly submit candidate OTP values while the same OTP remained valid. This significantly increased the feasibility of guessing the OTP and bypassing the additional authentication factor, potentially resulting in unauthorized access to the affected user's account.
The issue was exacerbated by the fact that the OTP is associated with the user rather than with an individual pending login session, allowing multiple concurrent sessions to attempt guesses against the same valid OTP.
The patch integrates the existing MISP brute-force protection mechanism into the email OTP flow. Failed OTP attempts are now counted against the user, further attempts are rejected once the configured threshold is reached, and the active OTP is invalidated when the attempt budget is exhausted. Blocklisted users are also prevented from requesting the generation of a fresh OTP. In addition, OTP comparison now uses hash_equals() and validates that the submitted value is a string.
AnalysisAI
Unlimited OTP brute-force against MISP's email-based two-factor authentication allows an attacker holding valid primary credentials to bypass the second factor and fully compromise a target account. The email_otp() endpoint applied no rate limiting or lockout, and the OTP is scoped to the user rather than the login session - enabling multiple concurrent sessions to hammer the same valid OTP simultaneously. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires two prerequisites: (1) the attacker must possess valid primary authentication credentials (username and password) for the target MISP account - PR:L in the CVSS vector reflects this; and (2) the target account must have email-based OTP two-factor authentication enabled. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The CVSS 4.0 score of 8.6 (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N) is well-calibrated. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | Full exploit scenario with step-by-step reproduction available after sign-in. |
| Remediation | Apply the upstream fix from commit 8658062ea by upgrading to the first MISP tagged release that includes this commit; the exact version is not independently confirmed from available data, so administrators should check https://github.com/MISP/MISP/commit/8658062ea and the MISP changelog for the containing release. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours, identify all MISP instances and verify current version status; implement temporary rate limiting on OTP endpoints if immediate patching is not feasible. …
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External POC / Exploit Code
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