EUVD-2026-69607
GHSA-763m-79hh-57f2
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Network-reachable in typical web service deployments that auto-process uploaded PDFs; no auth or user interaction needed beyond submitting a file.
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M).
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
Lifecycle Timeline
4Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 6 pypi packages depend on pypdf (6 direct, 0 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 6.16.1.
DescriptionCVE.org
pypdf is a free and open-source pure-python PDF library. Prior to 6.16.1, an attacker can craft a PDF that causes pypdf/_page.py PageObject._extract_text and PageObject.extract_xform_text to traverse a directed acyclic graph of reused form XObjects in which each form invokes a child multiple times, creating exponentially many traversal paths and causing long runtimes and large memory consumption. This issue is fixed in version 6.16.1.
AnalysisAI
Exponential traversal denial-of-service in pypdf before 6.16.1 allows an attacker who can supply a crafted PDF to cause severe CPU stalls and memory exhaustion in any application invoking PageObject._extract_text or PageObject.extract_xform_text. The text extraction routines previously detected only direct cycles via a known_ids set, but failed to bound the total number of XForm invocations across a directed acyclic graph where each parent node reuses the same child XObject multiple times, producing O(2^n) traversal paths for n levels. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | The target application must call pypdf's `extract_text()` method or any internal path invoking `PageObject._extract_text` or `PageObject.extract_xform_text` on a PDF supplied by an attacker, using pypdf prior to 6.16.1. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | The provided CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VA:L, score 4.8) assigns local attack vector with user participation, which reflects a desktop tool usage pattern. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | Full exploit scenario with step-by-step reproduction available after sign-in. |
| Remediation | Upgrade pypdf to version 6.16.1 or later (https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.16.1), which enforces a hard limit of 5,000 total XForm invocations per text extraction and adds depth and entry-count limits for outline traversal, eliminating the exponential blowup. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
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