Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach router HTTP interface
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DeliverySend crafted POST to cstecgi.cgi
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ExploitInvoke setWiFiWpsStart unauthenticated
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ExecutionRouter opens WPS pairing window
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PersistComplete WPS pairing within Wi-Fi range
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ImpactGain unauthorized LAN access
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Access control enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK
1 technique across 1 tactic: Defense Evasion The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Triggering the WPS window requires only network reachability of the HTTP endpoint /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi on a TOTOLINK T6 running firmware 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015, with no authentication (PR:N), no user interaction, and a crafted POST calling the setWiFiWpsStart function - so the trigger itself has no special configuration prerequisite beyond the endpoint being reachable. The key LIMITING factor is that turning realized impact (network access, data exposure) into reality requires the attacker to be within wireless radio range to complete WPS pairing, and the affected management interface must be reachable from the attacker's network position (LAN by default, or WAN only if remote management is exposed). Exploitation is also constrained to the specific device model and firmware build named; other builds are unverified. |
| Impact | Signals are mixed. The NVD CVSS 3.1 base score is 9.1 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N), reflecting an unauthenticated, low-complexity network trigger with claimed high confidentiality and integrity impact. However, the described direct effect - opening a WPS pairing window - does not by itself disclose or modify data; the high C/I impact is only realized if an attacker within Wi-Fi radio range then completes WPS pairing to join the network, which is an adjacency-dependent follow-on step not captured by AV:N. This suggests the 9.1 may overstate the immediately exploitable impact: the HTTP trigger is remote, but meaningful compromise requires physical proximity to the wireless network. No EPSS score, KEV listing, or POC was provided, so there is no evidence of active or automated exploitation. Realistic priority is moderate for internet-exposed management interfaces and higher for environments where the router's WAN/management is reachable and an attacker can be within wireless range; treat as a real but conditionally-impactful issue rather than a mass-exploitation emergency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who can reach the router's web interface sends a single crafted unauthenticated POST request to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi invoking setWiFiWpsStart, causing the device to open its WPS pairing window. Positioned within Wi-Fi range, the attacker then completes WPS association to join the network without knowing the passphrase, gaining LAN access to intercept traffic or pivot to internal devices. No public POC is referenced, so exploitation would require crafting the request from knowledge of the CGI function. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 01, 2026
Improper access control in TOTOLINK T6 router firmware 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 lets unauthenticated remote attackers invoke the setWiFiWpsStart function via a crafted POST request to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi, forcing the device to open a WPS wireless pairing window without any credentials. Because WPS pairing enables a nearby attacker to join the wireless network, this exposes the LAN and its traffic to unauthorized access. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patched firmware version is identified in the provided data, and reference links point only to TOTOLINK's general site and a firmware download page rather than a named fixed build - check the TOTOLINK download page (https://www.totolink.net/home/menu/detail/menu_listtpl/download/id/190/ids/36.html) for a firmware release later than 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 and apply it if available. As compensating controls: disable WPS entirely in the router configuration (removes the pairing feature attackers abuse, at the cost of manual-only Wi-Fi onboarding); restrict access to the management interface by ensuring /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi and the web admin are not reachable from the WAN and are firewalled to trusted management hosts on the LAN (side effect: remote administration is lost); and, where feasible, place the router's management plane on a segmented VLAN and monitor for unexpected POST requests to cstecgi.cgi. Because completing the attack requires wireless proximity, using WPA2/WPA3 with a strong pre-shared key and monitoring for unexpected new wireless clients further limits real-world impact.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The T6 is a consumer/SOHO mesh Wi-Fi router whose web management and device control functions are handled by the cstecgi.cgi CGI binary, a common architecture across TOTOLINK's firmware line where a single endpoint dispatches to named functions such as setWiFiWpsStart. The root cause is CWE-284 (Improper Access Control): the setWiFiWpsStart handler does not enforce an authentication/authorization check before acting on the request, so the WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) pairing state can be toggled by any caller. WPS is a convenience protocol for joining Wi-Fi without manually entering the passphrase; opening its pairing window on demand undermines the intended requirement that only an authenticated administrator can enable pairing.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Unauthenticated network trigger justifies AV:N/AC:L/PR:N, but direct impact is only enabling WPS; full network access needs wireless-range follow-up, so C/I are downgraded to L and A:N.
Primary rating from Vendor (mitre).
CVSS VectorVendor: mitre
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
Incorrect access control in the setWiFiWpsStart function of TOTOLINK T6 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 allows unauthenticated attackers to open a wireless pairing window via sending a crafted POST request to /cgi-bin/cstecgi.cgi.
Executive ViewAI
TOTOLINK T6 routers running firmware 4.1.5cu.748_B20211015 contain a critical flaw allowing unauthenticated attackers to remotely trigger WPS pairing without user intervention, enabling unauthorized wireless network access and exposure of internal systems. While no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, the vulnerability poses severe risk to any organization using this router model.
Disable WPS on all affected TOTOLINK T6 devices; implement network segmentation isolating wireless segments from critical assets; enable wireless intrusion detection and real-time monitoring for unauthorized access attempts; conduct audit for unauthorized wireless associations since device deployment.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
EUVD-2026-68638
GHSA-87p9-c5ph-5qc9
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB