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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-125
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Bounds checking, read limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Collection

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

The CVSS 3.1 score of 6.1 reflects a medium-to-high severity with mixed impact: availability impact is HIGH (denial-of-service via crash), confidentiality impact is LOW (limited memory disclosure), and integrity impact is NONE. The attack vector is LOCAL and requires USER INTERACTION (UI:R), meaning an attacker must trick a user into processing a malicious XCOFF file with a tool linked against vulnerable binutils. Complexity is LOW, no privileges required. This is not a remote network attack vector, significantly limiting real-world blast radius compared to high-CVSS RCE vulnerabilities. EPSS data is not provided in the intelligence summary, but the LOCAL+UI requirement and information-disclosure-only impact suggest practical exploitation likelihood is lower than the CVSS alone indicates. The vulnerability has not been flagged as KEV-active by CISA, and no confirmed POC is referenced in the provided data, further suggesting this is a legitimate but not yet weaponized issue. Remediation is straightforward via patching, making this a moderate priority for managed systems but not an emergency.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts a malicious XCOFF object file with an invalid relocation type field and distributes it via email or a repository. A developer or system administrator opens the file with a binutils tool (e.g., objdump or readelf) to inspect its contents, triggering the out-of-bounds read. The tool crashes, denying service, or alternatively leaks a few bytes of heap or stack memory that may contain sensitive information such as canary values or pointers. Since the attack requires user interaction (opening the file), it is not automatically triggered but is viable in social engineering or supply-chain attack scenarios.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 23, 2026

A specially crafted XCOFF object file can trigger an out-of-bounds memory read in the GNU Binutils BFD library due to improper validation of relocation type values. This affects Red Hat Enterprise Linux versions 6 through 10 and Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4, potentially allowing local attackers with user interaction to crash affected tools or disclose sensitive memory contents. While not currently listed in CISA KEV as actively exploited, the vulnerability is tracked across Red Hat, Sourceware, and Bugzilla with upstream references indicating visibility and likely patch development.

RemediationAI

Apply security updates provided by Red Hat for affected Enterprise Linux versions (6, 7, 8, 9, 10) and OpenShift Container Platform 4, which will include patched binutils packages with proper relocation type validation in XCOFF handlers. Consult https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4647 for version-specific update guidance and https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2450302 for patch details. Until patches are deployed, restrict the use of untrusted XCOFF object files and disable automated processing of binary files from untrusted sources where feasible. For development environments, implement file integrity monitoring and user training to avoid opening suspicious object files with binutils tools (objdump, readelf, etc.).

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The GNU Binutils BFD (Binary File Descriptor) library is a foundational component for parsing and manipulating binary executable formats including ELF, COFF, and XCOFF object files. The vulnerability exists specifically in XCOFF file handling, where relocation table entries are processed without proper bounds checking. When a relocation type field is read and used as an array index or memory offset without validation against the expected range, the code performs an out-of-bounds read as described in CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read). Affected Red Hat products include Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 (per CPE identifiers cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_*) and Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform 4, all of which ship binutils as part of their development and system toolchain.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.1 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H
SUSE MEDIUM
Red Hat 6.1 MEDIUM

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Mar 31, 2026 - 21:13 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Mar 23, 2026 - 13:37 nvd
MEDIUM 6.1

DescriptionNVD

A flaw was found in the GNU Binutils BFD library, a widely used component for handling binary files such as object files and executables. The issue occurs when processing specially crafted XCOFF object files, where a relocation type value is not properly validated before being used. This can cause the program to read memory outside of intended bounds. As a result, affected tools may crash or expose unintended memory contents, leading to denial-of-service or limited information disclosure risks.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using A flaw should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2026-4647, a out-of-bounds read vulnerability rated CVSS 6.1. Exploitation could cause memory corruption or application crashes. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: enable ASLR/DEP, apply network segmentation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 98% exploitable
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment MSRC Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
Low
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

30
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +30
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_6:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_openshift_container_platform_4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

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Same weakness CWE-125 – Out-of-bounds Read

View all
CVE-2014-0160 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2016-5198 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2025-5777 CRITICAL POC
9.3
CVE-2016-1646 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2017-5030 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2016-4523 HIGH
7.5
CVE-2024-48456 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2024-48457 HIGH POC
7.5

Same technique Buffer Overflow

View all
CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2020-0796 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2019-11043 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2009-0927 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8

Vendor StatusVendor

Debian

binutils
Release Status Fixed Version Urgency
bullseye vulnerable 2.35.2-2 -
bookworm vulnerable 2.40-2 -
trixie vulnerable 2.44-3 -
forky, sid vulnerable 2.46-3 -
(unstable) fixed (unfixed) unimportant

SUSE

Severity: Medium
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Basesystem 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Package Hub 15 SP7 Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4647 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/?id.352515 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:33527 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39022 REF https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4647 REF https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2450302 REF https://sourceware.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=33919

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