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ciguard CVE-2026-44218

LOW
Improper Privilege Management (CWE-269)
2026-05-05 https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard GHSA-jrm4-4pcf-4763
3.0
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Container-runtime escape primitive triggered
  2. Delivery
    Code execution on host as root (CVE-2024-21626 analogue)
  3. Exploit
    Host compromise. With patch: Container-runtime escape triggered
  4. Execution
    Code execution on host as non-root ciguard user
  5. Impact
    Limited host access.

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Least privilege enforcement
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

This vulnerability requires chaining with a container-runtime escape primitive (such as CVE-2024-21626 in runc) that achieves code execution on the host. The misconfiguration has no impact without such a chained vulnerability. Additionally, the ciguard container must be deployed in a threat model where container-escape risk is relevant (e.g., multi-tenant Kubernetes cluster, untrusted workload isolation, or shared container host). Deployment of ciguard in isolated, single-tenant environments or behind network boundary controls reduces exposure. The vulnerability is a static property of the published container image at versions 0.1.0-0.8.1 and requires no special configuration or activation; any deployment of those image versions inherits the misconfiguration by default.

Impact

This is a low-severity finding with nuanced real-world risk that CVSS alone underrepresents. CVSS v3.1 scores 2.0 (Low) with AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N (local attack vector, high complexity, high-privilege requirement), and CVSS v4.0 scores 1.8-3.4 (Low). The low scores reflect that this vulnerability is not directly exploitable without chaining to a container-runtime escape CVE. However, the risk assessment must account for the SSVC dimension of 'amplification': this finding acts as a force multiplier for future vulnerabilities. The threat scenario explicitly cites CVE-2024-21626 (runc escape) as a concrete example where root UID equivalence was required for full impact. Detection via Trivy filesystem scanner confirms the misconfiguration exists, and verification output proves the patched image now runs as non-root UID 999. The real priority depends on deployment context: organizations running ciguard in orchestrated container environments with untrusted workloads or complex runtimes should treat this as a mandatory configuration fix. Organizations running ciguard in isolated, trusted environments may safely defer. No EPSS or KEV data is available because this is a container-image misconfiguration rather than a code vulnerability, and no public exploit exists independent of a chained runtime escape. The absence of active exploitation signals reflects the indirect nature, not the absence of risk.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A future container-runtime escape CVE (such as a runc privilege-escalation variant) is discovered that allows code execution on the host system with the same UID as the container process. When ciguard v0.8.1 or earlier is running as root (UID 0), the escape results in host-root compromise. With the patched v0.8.2 running as ciguard (UID 999), the same escape results in code execution as a non-root host user, significantly reducing blast radius and preventing full system compromise.

Monitor Track and reassess. Why: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – May 05, 2026

The ciguard static analysis container image (versions 0.1.0-0.8.1) runs as root due to a missing USER directive in the Dockerfile, creating a privilege-escalation amplification risk for future container-runtime escape vulnerabilities. This is a defence-in-depth gap rather than a directly exploitable vulnerability; it reduces the impact of hypothetical escapes (such as runc CVE-2024-21626) from host-root compromise to non-root user compromise. Vendor-released patch in v0.8.2 adds a dedicated non-root ciguard user and USER directive, verified by container inspection and automated regression testing in v0.8.3.

RemediationAI

Upgrade to ciguard v0.8.2 or later. The patch adds a dedicated non-root user and USER directive to the Dockerfile; verification by running docker run --rm ghcr.io/jo-jo98/ciguard:v0.8.2 id confirms execution as UID 999 (ciguard user) rather than UID 0. For users unable to upgrade immediately, a compensating control is to rebuild the container image locally with an added USER directive: after the base image and application setup, insert RUN groupadd -r ciguard && useradd -r -g ciguard -d /home/ciguard -m -s /usr/sbin/nologin ciguard && chown -R ciguard:ciguard /app /reports /policies-mount followed by USER ciguard before the CMD directive. This approach carries no performance penalty but requires local image build and registry management. Additionally, implement pod security policies or Kubernetes SecurityContext enforcement to set runAsNonRoot: true and runAsUser: <non-zero> in container specs; this provides runtime validation even if the image is misconfigured. v0.8.3 adds permanent CI regression gates to prevent reintroduction of this misconfiguration (https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard/releases/tag/v0.8.3).

Affected Packages

pypi ciguard fix: 0.8.2

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in pypi

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability stems from missing containerization best practice in the Dockerfile: absence of a USER directive causes the container to inherit the default root user (UID 0). ciguard is a static analyser (Python-based, CPE pkg:pip/ciguard) with no operational need for root privileges. The root cause is classified as CWE-269 (Improper Assignment of Privileged Roles). The threat model exploits the principle that container-runtime escape CVEs (such as runc privilege-escalation flaws) have amplified impact when the escaped process already has root privileges. By establishing a non-root user in the Dockerfile and dropping privileges before CMD execution, the patch reduces the blast radius of future escapes: even if a container-runtime bug allows host-system code execution, it executes as the non-root ciguard user rather than root. The fix creates the ciguard group and user, restricts ownership of sensitive directories (/reports, /policies-mount, /app), and sets nologin shell to further limit interactive access.

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Severity by source

Vendor (https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard) PRIMARY 3.0 LOW
AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

Primary rating from Vendor (https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: https://github.com/Jo-Jo98/ciguard

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
High
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Summary

The published ghcr.io/jo-jo98/ciguard container image inherits the default root user because the Dockerfile lacks a USER directive. ciguard is a static analyser with no need for root privileges; running as root inside a container makes any future container-runtime escape CVE more impactful than it needs to be.

Threat scenario

Defence-in-depth gap. Without a known container-runtime CVE in the chain, this finding is not directly exploitable. Recent runc CVEs (e.g. CVE-2024-21626) provided escape primitives that depended on host UID = container UID = 0 for full impact; with this fix, any future such escape primitive lands as a non-root user on the host.

Patch

  • Dockerfile adds RUN groupadd -r ciguard && useradd -r -g ciguard -d /home/ciguard -m -s /usr/sbin/nologin ciguard && chown -R ciguard:ciguard /reports /policies-mount /app.
  • Followed by USER ciguard before the CMD directive.
  • Trivy DS-0002 misconfig clears (Tests: 20 SUCCESSES: 20 FAILURES: 0).

Discovery

Found by Trivy filesystem scan during ciguard's first self-conducted pentest cycle, 2026-04-26.

CVSS Scoring

  • CVSS v3.1: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - 2.0 (Low)
  • CVSS v4.0: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N - 3.4 (Low) per Cycle 1 report; GitHub's calc 1.8 (Low). Both Low.

Verification

$ docker run --rm ghcr.io/jo-jo98/ciguard:v0.8.2 id
uid=999(ciguard) gid=999(ciguard) groups=999(ciguard)

Resources

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 99% exploitable
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity LOW
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Low

Priority Score

15
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +15
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

pkg:pip/ciguard

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