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BookCars CVE-2026-36721

CRITICAL
Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature (CWE-347)
2026-06-09 mitre
9.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: mitre
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach exposed BookCars API
  2. Delivery
    Craft JWT with admin claims
  3. Exploit
    Send request with forged token
  4. Execution
    Signature check skipped, token accepted
  5. Impact
    Gain full account/admin access

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
Exploitation Conditions

The only prerequisite is network reachability to a BookCars v8.3 instance's token-validated endpoints and knowledge of the JWT payload structure (which the open-source code exposes). No credentials, no user interaction, and no special server configuration are required - the flaw is in the default validateAccessToken code path. Exploitation is limited only by whether the target actually runs BookCars v8.3 and whether its API is network-accessible to the attacker; there is no authentication, complexity, or platform barrier reducing feasibility.

Impact

Signals are partially conflicting and should be weighed rather than taken at face value. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, C:H/I:H/A:H = 9.8) and SSVC (exploitation=poc, automatable=yes, technical impact=total) both point to a trivially exploitable, high-impact flaw - a forged token requires no authentication and no user interaction. However, EPSS is only 0.02% (7th percentile) and the CVE is NOT in CISA KEV, indicating no evidence of widespread active exploitation, consistent with BookCars being a niche open-source product rather than a mass-deployed enterprise target. The net picture: technically severe and easy to exploit against any exposed instance, but real-world attack surface is small. Priority is high for any organization actually running BookCars and low for everyone else.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts a JWT with a payload asserting an administrator user ID and an arbitrary or 'none' signature, then submits it to a protected BookCars API endpoint. Because validateAccessToken never checks the signature, the server accepts the forged token and grants full administrative access with no credentials. Publicly available exploit material exists per the referenced writeup, and the attack is fully remote and automatable.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
No patch listed yet 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 23, 2026

Authentication bypass in BookCars v8.3 lets remote attackers forge JWT tokens because the validateAccessToken function performs no cryptographic signature verification (CWE-347), allowing them to impersonate any user or administrator without credentials. The CVSS 9.8 rating reflects full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability over the network. SSVC lists exploitation as POC with total technical impact and automatable=yes, though EPSS is very low (0.02%, 7th percentile) and it is not in CISA KEV; publicly available exploit code exists.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is identified at time of analysis; the only reference is a third-party vulnerability writeup (https://github.com/CC-T-454455/Vulnerabilities/tree/master/bookcars/vulnerability-2), so administrators should monitor the upstream BookCars repository for a fixed release and upgrade as soon as one is published. As a specific code-level fix, ensure validateAccessToken calls a verifying JWT API (e.g. jwt.verify with the server secret and an explicit algorithms allowlist) rather than a decode-only path, and reject tokens whose algorithm is 'none'. As compensating controls until patched: place the application behind an authenticating reverse proxy or WAF that enforces an independent session check, rotate the JWT signing secret and invalidate existing sessions, and restrict network exposure of the admin/API endpoints to trusted IPs - noting that IP restriction breaks legitimate remote/customer access and secret rotation forces all users to re-authenticate.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

BookCars is an open-source car rental platform (Node.js/React/MongoDB stack) that uses JSON Web Tokens (JWT) for session authentication. The vulnerability is a classic CWE-347 (Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature): the validateAccessToken function decodes the JWT payload but fails to verify the token's HMAC/RSA signature against the server secret. Because the signature is the sole mechanism binding a token's claims to server-issued trust, skipping verification means the server accepts any attacker-crafted payload (e.g. an arbitrary user ID or admin role) as authentic. The supplied CPE string (cpe:2.3:a:n/a:n/a:*) is a placeholder and does not identify the vendor/product programmatically.

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Severity by source

Vendor (mitre) PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 9.8 CRITICAL

Forged JWT needs only network access to the API with no auth or user interaction (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), and full account/admin takeover yields complete C/I/A impact.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (mitre).

CVSS VectorVendor: mitre

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
CVE Published
Jun 09, 2026 - 00:00 cve.org
CRITICAL 9.8
CVE Published
Jun 09, 2026 - 00:00 nvd
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionCVE.org

A lack of cryptographic signature verification in the validateAccessToken function of bookcars v8.3 allows attackers to bypass authentication via a forged JWT token.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

BookCars v8.3 contains a critical authentication bypass (CVE-2026-36721) that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to forge JWT tokens and assume any user or administrator identity without credentials, enabling complete system compromise including unauthorized access to booking data and customer information. Immediate isolation or remediation is required as publicly available exploit code exists.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Network segmentation and IP whitelisting to limit BookCars access to trusted internal networks only; deploy a reverse-proxy or API gateway with secondary authentication (OAuth or SAML) in front of BookCars to re-verify user identity; enable comprehensive request logging and real-time anomaly detection to identify token forgery attempts; restrict administrative functions to a hardened jump-host or separate network segment; consider temporary operational suspension of non-critical booking functionality pending patch or vendor response.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 93% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche open-source car rental app, limited production footprint
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
Very High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

49
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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