Nanobot
CVE-2026-35589
CRITICAL
Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessUser visits attacker-controlled website
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DeliveryMalicious JavaScript initiates WebSocket to ws://127.0.0.1:3001/
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ExploitBridge accepts connection without Origin validation
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ExecutionAttacker reads messages and steals credentials
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ImpactHijack WhatsApp session
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Hardware safety mechanism
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| Exploitation Conditions | nanobot versions prior to 0.1.5 with WebSocket bridge server running on localhost (127.0.0.1). BRIDGE_TOKEN authentication must be disabled (default). Victim must click attacker-controlled link while logged into nanobot. Requires browser-based attack; origin header validation absent. |
| Impact | Real-world risk is moderate despite the 8.0 CVSS score. The attack requires high complexity (AC:H) and user interaction (UI:R), meaning an attacker must craft a malicious website and social-engineer the victim into visiting it while their nanobot bridge is actively running. The scope change (S:C) and high confidentiality/integrity impacts (C:H/I:H) reflect the serious consequences if successfully exploited: complete WhatsApp session control, message interception, and credential theft. However, several factors reduce practical exploitability: the victim must be running the nanobot bridge locally, the attacker must time the attack to coincide with active bridge usage, and modern browser security features may provide some defense-in-depth. No EPSS score or KEV status is provided, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis suggests limited active exploitation. The fact this is an incomplete fix of a prior CVE indicates the vendor is responsive to security issues. SSVC framework considerations: exploitation status appears proof-of-concept at most, technical impact is total (session hijacking), but automatable exploitation is limited by the need for precise timing and user interaction. Priority should be high for organizations using nanobot in production, but this is not a wormable or mass-exploitation threat. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker creates a malicious website containing JavaScript that attempts to connect to ws://127.0.0.1:3001/ when loaded. The victim, who has nanobot bridge running locally for WhatsApp integration, visits this site through social engineering (phishing email, compromised legitimate site, or malvertising). Because the bridge server lacks Origin validation, the cross-origin WebSocket connection succeeds, granting the attacker's JavaScript full access to the bridge API. The attacker can now read incoming WhatsApp messages in real-time, steal QR code authentication data to clone the session, and send messages impersonating the victim. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Apr 15, 2026
Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking in nanobot personal AI assistant (versions before 0.1.5) allows remote websites to establish unauthorized WebSocket connections to the local bridge server (ws://127.0.0.1:3001/), enabling WhatsApp session hijacking, message interception, QR code theft, and unauthorized message transmission. This vulnerability stems from incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-2577, where the added BRIDGE_TOKEN authentication is disabled by default and the server fails to validate the Origin header during WebSocket handshakes. Attack complexity is high (AC:H) but requires no authentication (PR:N), only user interaction (UI:R) such as visiting a malicious website while the bridge is running. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the technical details are fully disclosed in GitHub security advisory GHSA-v5j3-4q66-58cf.
RemediationAI
Upgrade immediately to nanobot version 0.1.5 or later, available at github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/releases/tag/v0.1.5, which implements proper Origin header validation in the WebSocket handshake to prevent cross-site hijacking attacks. For users unable to upgrade immediately, enable the BRIDGE_TOKEN authentication parameter as a temporary mitigation, though this is not a complete fix since the underlying Origin validation flaw persists. Review the GitHub security advisory at github.com/HKUDS/nanobot/security/advisories/GHSA-v5j3-4q66-58cf for additional context. Organizations should audit any instances where the bridge server runs continuously and consider restricting its use to only when actively needed to minimize the attack window. After upgrading, verify that the bridge server properly rejects WebSocket connections from unauthorized origins by testing with browser developer tools.
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Technical ContextAI · show details
This vulnerability exploits a fundamental limitation in browser security: the Same-Origin Policy does not automatically protect WebSocket connections unless the server enforces origin validation. The nanobot bridge WebSocket server (bridge/src/server.ts) binds to localhost (127.0.0.1:3001) and implements optional token-based authentication via BRIDGE_TOKEN parameter, but this protection is disabled by default. CWE-1385 (Missing Origin Validation in WebSockets) describes this exact weakness where servers fail to check the Origin header sent by browsers during the WebSocket handshake. Because the vulnerability involves a local service accessible at 127.0.0.1, any web page loaded in the user's browser can use JavaScript to initiate WebSocket connections to this endpoint, bypassing traditional cross-origin protections. The bridge appears to provide an API interface for WhatsApp integration, making it a high-value target for session hijacking attacks. The issue represents an incomplete security fix, suggesting the original CVE-2026-2577 addressed network exposure (changing from 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.1) but failed to implement proper origin-based access controls.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionNVD
nanobot is a personal AI assistant. Versions prior to 0.1.5 contain a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) vulnerability exists in the bridge's WebSocket server in bridge/src/server.ts, resulting from an incomplete remediation of CVE-2026-2577. The original fix changed the binding from 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.1 and added an optional BRIDGE_TOKEN parameter, but token authentication is disabled by default and the server does not validate the Origin header during the WebSocket handshake. Because browsers do not enforce the Same-Origin Policy on WebSockets unless the server explicitly denies cross-origin connections, any website visited by a user running the bridge can establish a WebSocket connection to ws://127.0.0.1:3001/ and gain full access to the bridge API. This allows an attacker to hijack the WhatsApp session, read incoming messages, steal authentication QR codes, and send messages on behalf of the user. This issue has bee fixed in version 0.1.5.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2026-35589 is a Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking vulnerability in nanobot personal AI assistant (pre-0.1.5) that allows attackers to hijack WhatsApp sessions and intercept messages by exploiting a disabled authentication token and missing Origin validation on the local bridge server. Organizations using this assistant for business communications face direct risk of message interception, session compromise, and unauthorized message transmission if users visit malicious websites while the bridge is active.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: (1) Explicitly enable and configure BRIDGE_TOKEN authentication to a non-default value in bridge configuration; (2) implement network segmentation to restrict access to ws://127.0.0.1:3001/ to trusted internal networks only; (3) disable WebSocket bridge server when not in active use; (4) deploy web application firewall or reverse proxy with Origin header validation for bridge endpoints; (5) monitor bridge server logs for unauthorized connection attempts and cross-origin WebSocket handshake requests.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
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What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Affected Products (CPE)NVD
Remote code execution in nanobot personal AI assistant (versions prior to 0.1.6) allows unauthenticated attackers to exe
Arbitrary file write in HKUDS Nanobot's WhatsApp bridge (versions 0.1.5.post3 and prior) allows remote unauthenticated a
Server-side request forgery in Nanobot (HKUDS) prior to 0.2.1 lets unauthenticated remote attackers exfiltrate Microsoft
Argument injection in HKUDS nanobot's ExecTool shell execution guard allows remote unauthenticated attackers to bypass t
OS command injection in HKUDS nanobot 0.2.0 and 0.2.1 allows a low-privileged remote attacker to bypass the configured s
Server-side request forgery in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1 allows authenticated remote attackers to make the server issue
MCP resource and prompt wrappers in HKUDS nanobot 0.2.0 and 0.2.1 bypass operator-defined `enabledTools` access restrict
Login-shell environment variable leakage in HKUDS nanobot up to 0.2.1 exposes sensitive environment variables to local l
Nanobot's Matrix channel media download handler exhausts process memory and bandwidth when authenticated room members su
Server-side request forgery in Nanobot's web_fetch tool prior to v0.2.1 allows authenticated remote attackers to probe a
Shell command injection bypass in HKUDS nanobot 0.2.0-0.2.1 allows authenticated users to evade the ExecTool allow/deny
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
GitHub
Exploit-DB