Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M) · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Lifecycle Timeline
6DescriptionCVE.org
Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client for Stalwart Mail Server. Prior to version 1.4.10, the verifyIdentity() function contained logic that returned true if no session cookies were present. This allowed unauthenticated attackers to bypass security checks and access/modify user settings via the /api/settings endpoint by providing arbitrary headers. This issue has been patched in version 1.4.10.
AnalysisAI
Unauthenticated authentication bypass in Bulwark Webmail versions prior to 1.4.10 allows remote attackers to access and modify user settings without credentials. The vulnerability stems from flawed verifyIdentity() logic that returns true when session cookies are absent, enabling unauthorized manipulation of the /api/settings endpoint through arbitrary header injection. CVSS 8.7 (High) with attack vector network, low complexity, and no privileges required. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, though the authentication bypass mechanism is technically straightforward. Vendor-released patch: version 1.4.10.
Technical ContextAI
Bulwark Webmail is a self-hosted webmail client specifically designed for integration with Stalwart Mail Server. The vulnerability resides in the verifyIdentity() authentication function, which contained inverted security logic - instead of denying access when session cookies were missing, it incorrectly granted access. This represents a classic CWE-287 (Improper Authentication) flaw where the authentication mechanism fails to properly verify user identity. The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:bulwarkmail:webmail:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, with all versions prior to 1.4.10 vulnerable. The /api/settings endpoint, which should be protected by authentication, becomes fully accessible to unauthenticated requests when attackers provide arbitrary HTTP headers without valid session cookies. This is a server-side authentication bypass, not dependent on client-side manipulation or social engineering.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: Bulwark Webmail version 1.4.10 fully remediates this authentication bypass vulnerability by correcting the flawed verifyIdentity() logic. Organizations running affected versions should immediately upgrade to version 1.4.10 or later, available at https://github.com/bulwarkmail/webmail/releases/tag/1.4.10. No workarounds are documented in the vendor advisory, making patching the only effective mitigation. Post-upgrade, administrators should review audit logs for unauthorized access to the /api/settings endpoint prior to remediation, looking for requests lacking valid session cookies but receiving successful responses. If immediate patching is not feasible, temporary compensating controls could include network-level access restrictions to the /api/settings endpoint (firewall rules limiting access to authenticated user IP ranges) or reverse proxy authentication enforcement, though these are not substitutes for applying the vendor patch. Complete advisory details at https://github.com/bulwarkmail/webmail/security/advisories/GHSA-4356-876g-rfmh.
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Same weakness CWE-287 – Improper Authentication
View allSame technique Authentication Bypass
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-18531