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Sigstore CVE-2026-31830

HIGH
Unchecked Return Value (CWE-252)
2026-03-10 security-advisories@github.com GHSA-mhg6-2q2v-9h2c
7.5
CVSS 3.1 · GitHub Advisory
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Craft malicious DSSE bundle with mismatched artifact digest
  2. Exploit
    Submit bundle to sigstore-ruby verifier
  3. Execution
    Verification incorrectly returns success
  4. Impact
    Bypass integrity checks

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Return value checking
Exploitation Conditions

sigstore-ruby versions prior to 0.2.3 with DSSE bundle verification enabled. No special conditions — remote unauthenticated exploitation of default verifier configurations accepting in-toto attestations.

Impact

CVSS 7.5 (HIGH). Attack vector: Network. Complexity: Low. Privileges required: None. User interaction: None.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to compromise the affected system.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026

Sigstore-ruby versions before 0.2.3 fail to properly validate artifact digests when verifying DSSE bundles with in-toto attestations, causing the library to incorrectly return successful verification even when the artifact does not match the attested subject. This allows attackers to bypass cryptographic verification controls and accept mismatched or tampered artifacts as valid. Organizations using sigstore-ruby for supply chain verification should upgrade to version 0.2.3 immediately, though no patch is currently available for other affected projects.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 12, 2026 - 21:55 CVSS 7.5

sigstore-ruby is a pure Ruby implementation of the sigstore verify command from the sigstore/cosign project. versions up to 0.2.3 is affected by unchecked return value (CVSS 7.5).

RemediationAI

Fixed in version 0.2.3.. Restrict network access to the affected service where possible.

Affected Packages

rubygems sigstore fix: 0.2.3

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in rubygems

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability (CWE-252: Unchecked Return Value) affects sigstore-ruby is a pure Ruby implementation of the sigstore verify command from the sigstore/cosign project.. sigstore-ruby is a pure Ruby implementation of the sigstore verify command from the sigstore/cosign project. Prior to 0.2.3, Sigstore::Verifier#verify does not propagate the VerificationFailure returned by verify_in_toto when the artifact digest does not match the digest in the in-toto attestation subject. As a result, verification of DSSE bundles containing in-toto statements returns VerificationSuccess regardless of whether the artifact matches the attested subject. This vulnerability is fixed

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Mar 31, 2026 - 21:13 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Mar 10, 2026 - 22:16 nvd
HIGH 7.5

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

sigstore-ruby is a pure Ruby implementation of the sigstore verify command from the sigstore/cosign project. Prior to 0.2.3, Sigstore::Verifier#verify does not propagate the VerificationFailure returned by verify_in_toto when the artifact digest does not match the digest in the in-toto attestation subject. As a result, verification of DSSE bundles containing in-toto statements returns VerificationSuccess regardless of whether the artifact matches the attested subject. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.2.3.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

A critical vulnerability in sigstore-ruby (CVE-2026-31830) allows attackers to bypass cryptographic signature verification for software artifacts, meaning malicious or tampered code could be incorrectly validated as legitimate. Any organization using sigstore-ruby for supply chain security or artifact verification is at immediate risk of accepting compromised software components.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Disable DSSE bundle verification functionality in sigstore-ruby until patch availability; implement manual cryptographic verification of critical artifacts outside the vulnerable library; enforce network segmentation to restrict artifact sources to trusted internal registries only; require dual approval for any artifact deployments from external sources; monitor and log all verification operations for forensic analysis; consider alternative verification mechanisms (cosign CLI with verified binary) until patched Ruby library is available.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 92% exploitable
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

38
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

cpe:2.3:a:sigstore:sigstore:*:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
CVE-2022-35929 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Aug 04

cosign is a container signing and verification utility. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remote

CVE-2024-29903 HIGH POC
7.5 Apr 10

Cosign provides code signing and transparency for containers and binaries. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerab

CVE-2026-59891 CRITICAL
9.6 Jul 14

Credential leakage in sigstore-js (specifically the @sigstore/oci package) before 0.7.1 allows Docker registry credentia

CVE-2026-22703 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Jan 10

Cosign's bundle verification mechanism fails to properly validate that embedded Rekor entries reference the correct arti

CVE-2022-36056 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 14

Cosign is a project under the sigstore organization which aims to make signatures invisible infrastructure. Rated medium

CVE-2023-46737 MEDIUM POC
5.3 Nov 07

Cosign is a sigstore signing tool for OCI containers. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely e

CVE-2022-35930 HIGH
8.8 Aug 04

PolicyController is a utility used to enforce supply chain policy in Kubernetes clusters. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8)

CVE-2026-24122 LOW POC
3.7 Feb 19

Cosign provides code signing and transparency for containers and binaries. [CVSS 3.7 LOW]

CVE-2024-45395 HIGH
7.5 Sep 04

sigstore-go, a Go library for Sigstore signing and verification, is susceptible to a denial of service attack in version

CVE-2024-29902 MEDIUM
5.9 Apr 10

Cosign provides code signing and transparency for containers and binaries. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulner

CVE-2026-39395 MEDIUM
5.3 Apr 07

Cosign verify-blob-attestation incorrectly validates attestation signatures and predicate types in versions before 3.0.6

CVE-2023-47122 MEDIUM
5.3 Nov 10

Gitsign is software for keyless Git signing using Sigstore. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remo

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