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Android NFC CVE-2026-28611

| EUVDEUVD-2026-73961 HIGH
Missing Authorization (CWE-862)
2026-09-08 security@android.com GHSA-wc2c-5c2h-j55f
7.8
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: android
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Deliver malicious APK to device
  2. Delivery
    App installed with low-privilege context
  3. Exploit
    Invoke unguarded NfcService.java methods
  4. Execution
    Register unauthorized payment session handler
  5. Persist
    Victim taps contactless terminal
  6. Impact
    Intercept or redirect NFC payment transaction

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Authorization checks on every request
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires a malicious application to be installed on the target Android 15 or Android 16 device - this is the primary limiting factor, as AV:L means no remote network path exists. The installed app needs only the low-privilege context granted to any normally-installed APK (PR:L); no elevated Android permissions, root, or system privileges are required to reach the vulnerable NfcService.java functions. NFC hardware must be present on the device (standard on most modern Android phones). No user interaction is required after app installation (UI:N), meaning the hijacking occurs silently. Exploitation is bounded to devices not yet patched to the 2026-09-01 Android security patch level.

Impact

CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) scores all three impact dimensions as High, reflecting full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability within the NFC subsystem - consistent with the payment-hijacking primitive described. EPSS of 0.11% (2nd percentile) and CISA SSVC Exploitation: none both indicate no observed active exploitation, and Automatable: no reflects the local-access prerequisite. The gap between CVSS Technical Impact: total (per SSVC) and low EPSS is expected here: the flaw requires a malicious app to be installed on the victim device, making mass automated exploitation implausible, while targeted financial-fraud scenarios (rogue apps, side-loaded APKs) represent a realistic elevated threat not captured by the EPSS base rate. No POC or KEV listing confirmed. KEV absence and EPSS alignment suggest this is a real-but-not-yet-weaponized vulnerability warranting prompt patching on NFC-enabled devices handling payment credentials.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker publishes a malicious Android application disguised as a utility tool and persuades a target to install it (e.g., via side-loading or a third-party store). Once installed, the app calls the unguarded NfcService.java functions without holding the required system permission, silently registering itself as a payment session handler. When the victim subsequently taps their device at a contactless payment terminal, the hijacked NFC session routes or intercepts the transaction. No public exploit code has been confirmed.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 10, 2026

Silent NFC payment session hijacking in Android 15 and 16 allows a locally-installed low-privilege application to exploit missing permission checks in NfcService.java, enabling unauthorized manipulation of NFC payment sessions without any user interaction. The flaw is a missing authorization gate (CWE-862) across multiple functions in the NFC service, permitting a malicious app to hijack, enable, or redirect contactless payment flows targeting the device. No public exploit has been identified and CISA SSVC rates exploitation as none, though the financial-fraud potential elevates practical risk beyond what the EPSS score of 0.11% suggests.

RemediationAI

Apply the Android security patch level 2026-09-01 or later, as detailed in the Android Security Bulletin at https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-09-01. OEM and carrier updates incorporating this patch level should be applied as soon as available via device OTA updates. Until patching is possible, organizations managing device fleets should restrict side-loaded or unknown-source application installation, as exploitation requires a malicious app to be present on the device; disabling the 'Install unknown apps' permission via MDM policy reduces the primary delivery vector. On devices that do not require NFC functionality, disabling NFC entirely in device settings eliminates the attack surface with no security trade-off. No vendor-released workaround beyond the patch is documented.

Affected VersionsENISA

Android 15
Android 16

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

NfcService.java is the core Android system service managing Near Field Communication hardware and protocol orchestration, including Host Card Emulation (HCE) payment sessions used in contactless payment flows (Google Pay, etc.). CWE-862 (Missing Authorization) describes the root cause: specific API methods within NfcService lack a permission check, meaning any caller with a basic installed-app context (PR:L) can invoke privileged NFC operations without holding the normally-required system or signature-level permission. Affected platforms are Android 15 and Android 16 per EUVD-2026-73961. The CVSS vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N reflects that exploitation is entirely local and requires no complexity beyond holding a normally-installed application identity.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (android) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.8 HIGH

Local-only attack (AV:L) via installed app (PR:L); no complexity or interaction required; full NFC subsystem compromise justifies C:H/I:H/A:H within unchanged scope.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (android).

CVSS VectorVendor: android

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Sep 10, 2026 - 15:22 NVD
7.8 (HIGH)
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)
CVE Published
Sep 08, 2026 - 19:17 cve.org
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

In multiple functions of NfcService.java, there is a possible silent payment session hijacking enablement due to a missing permission check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Android 15 and 16 devices contain a missing authorization flaw in NFC services (CVE-2026-28611) that allows any installed application to silently hijack contactless payment transactions without user knowledge or interaction. This creates direct financial fraud risk for organizations and employees using mobile payments, with no currently available patch requiring immediate interim protective measures.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: enforce MDM-based app installation restrictions to official stores only; deploy application monitoring to detect unauthorized NFC access patterns; advise users to disable NFC hardware if contactless payments are non-essential; implement transaction anomaly detection at payment processor level to identify payment hijacking; conduct app security scans on existing installed base to identify potentially malicious applications; provide user training on installation risks from unofficial application sources.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
Ubiquitous
Android powers the majority of global smartphones
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Privilege escalation occurs when an attacker leverages flaws in access control mechanisms to gain permissions beyond what they were originally granted.

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