What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28391?

CVE-2026-28391 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 9.8 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

Which versions of Windows are affected by CVE-2026-28391?

CVE-2026-28391 is a critical command injection vulnerability in OpenClaw that allows attackers to bypass security approval workflows in non-default configurations, potentially enabling unauthorized…. A patch is available.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2026-28391?

Within 24 hours: Identify all OpenClaw instances running versions prior to 2026.2.2 and audit which systems have allowlist-gated exec enabled. Within 7 days: Apply vendor patch to upgrade OpenClaw to version 2026.2.2 or later across all affected systems. Within 30 days: Conduct post-patch validation testing and review all exec request logs for suspicious activity dating back 90 days.

Windows CVE-2026-28391

CRITICAL

OS Command Injection (CWE-78)

2026-03-05 disclosure@vulncheck.com

GHSA-qj77-c3c8-9c3q

Windows Openclaw

9.8

CVSS 3.1 · NVD

Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY

9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Analysis Generated

Mar 12, 2026 - 22:06 vuln.today

Patch released

Mar 10, 2026 - 18:18 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Mar 05, 2026 - 22:16 nvd

CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionCVE.org

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.2 fail to properly validate Windows cmd.exe metacharacters in allowlist-gated exec requests (non-default configuration), allowing attackers to bypass command approval restrictions. Remote attackers can craft command strings with shell metacharacters like & or %...% to execute unapproved commands beyond the allowlisted operations.

AnalysisAI

Windows cmd.exe metacharacter injection in OpenClaw before 2026.2.2. Bypass exec whitelist. Patch available.

Technical ContextAI

CWE-78.

RemediationAI

Update.

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Same weakness CWE-78 – OS Command Injection

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CVE-2026-28391 vulnerability details – vuln.today

Back

Windows CVE-2026-28391

Severity by source

CVSS VectorNVD

Lifecycle Timeline

DescriptionCVE.org

AnalysisAI

Technical ContextAI

RemediationAI

More in Windows

Same weakness CWE-78 – OS Command Injection

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External POC / Exploit Code