N8n
CVE-2026-27497
HIGH
GHSA-wxx7-mcgf-j869
Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessAuthenticate to n8n instance
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DeliveryCreate or modify workflow
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ExploitAdd Merge node with SQL query mode
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ExecutionExecute arbitrary code on server
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ImpactWrite files to filesystem
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Authenticated user account with workflow creation/modification permissions on n8n instances prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, or 1.123.22. Merge node SQL query mode feature must be accessible within the workflow builder. |
| Impact | CVSS 8.8 (HIGH). Attack vector: Network. Complexity: Low. Privileges required: Low. User interaction: None. Exploitation requires authentication. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker (requires authentication) could exploit this vulnerability to compromise the affected system. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026
Authenticated users with workflow modification permissions in n8n versions prior to 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22 can exploit the Merge node's SQL query mode to execute arbitrary code and write files on the server. This high-severity vulnerability (CVSS 8.8) affects the AI/ML and workflow automation platform, allowing attackers with legitimate access to achieve complete system compromise. No patch is currently available, and administrators should restrict workflow permissions or disable the Merge node as temporary mitigations.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could leverage the Merge node's SQL query mode to execute arbitrary code and write arbitrary files on the n8n server. [CVSS 8.8 HIGH]
RemediationAI
Monitor vendor advisories for a patch. Use parameterized queries. Implement input validation. Restrict network access to the affected service where possible.
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in npm
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
Classified as CWE-89 (SQL Injection). Affects N8N. n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could leverage the Merge node's SQL query mode to execute arbitrary code and write arbitrary files on the n8n server. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, admini
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionGitHub Advisory
n8n is an open source workflow automation platform. Prior to versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22, an authenticated user with permission to create or modify workflows could leverage the Merge node's SQL query mode to execute arbitrary code and write arbitrary files on the n8n server. The issues have been fixed in n8n versions 2.10.1, 2.9.3, and 1.123.22. Users should upgrade to one of these versions or later to remediate all known vulnerabilities. If upgrading is not immediately possible, administrators should consider the following temporary mitigations. Limit workflow creation and editing permissions to fully trusted users only, and/or disable the Merge node by adding n8n-nodes-base.merge to the NODES_EXCLUDE environment variable. These workarounds do not fully remediate the risk and should only be used as short-term mitigation measures.
Executive ViewAI
Authenticated users with workflow modification permissions in n8n can execute arbitrary code and write files to the server, potentially compromising the entire automation platform and connected systems. This affects organizations using n8n for critical workflow automation and requires immediate action given the lack of available patches.
Disable or restrict access to the Merge node SQL query mode entirely; implement WAF rules to monitor n8n API endpoints for suspicious activity; enforce role-based access control (RBAC) limiting workflow modification to trusted administrators only; use application firewalls to block file write operations outside approved directories; isolate n8n infrastructure on a separate network segment with minimal lateral movement capability; enable comprehensive audit logging of all workflow modifications and code execution; consider running n8n in a container with restricted filesystem permissions.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory
Remote code execution in n8n's workflow expression evaluation system allows an authenticated user with workflow creation
n8n workflow automation (through 1.121.2) allows authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via the n8n service, with
n8n workflow automation (1.65.0 to 1.121.0) allows unauthenticated file access through form-based workflows. A critical
n8n has a fifth critical RCE vulnerability (CVSS 9.9) in the Expression evaluator, enabling code execution through craft
Authenticated users who can create or modify an n8n workflow can achieve remote code execution on the n8n host by abusin
A prototype pollution vulnerability in the XML and GSuiteAdmin nodes of n8n workflow automation platform allows authenti
An authenticated user with workflow creation or modification privileges in n8n workflow automation platform can exploit
n8n-workflows Main Commit ee25413 allows attackers to execute a directory traversal via the download_workflow function w
Authenticated n8n users can hijack administrator accounts when LDAP authentication is enabled by manipulating their LDAP
The n8n package 0.218.0 for Node.js allows Escalation of Privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability
SQL injection in n8n's Data Table Get node allows authenticated users with workflow modification permissions to execute
Authenticated users can exploit string formatting and exception handling in n8n's Python task executor to escape sandbox
Exploit-DB