Hono
CVE-2026-22818
HIGH
GHSA-3vhc-576x-3qv4
Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessCraft JWT with algorithm mismatch
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ExploitExploit JWK without explicit algorithm
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ExecutionBypass signature verification
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ImpactAccept forged token
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Signature verification
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Hono version <4.11.4 using JWK/JWKS JWT verification middleware without explicit asymmetric algorithm allowlist in configuration. JWK must lack defined algorithm field. |
| Impact | CVSS 8.2 (HIGH). Attack vector: Network. Complexity: Low. Privileges required: None. User interaction: None. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to JWT algorithm confusion and, in certain configurations, allow forged tokens to b. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Mar 12, 2026
Hono versions before 4.11.4 allow JWT algorithm confusion attacks through improper algorithm validation in the JWK/JWKS verification middleware, enabling attackers to forge valid tokens when the selected JWK lacks an explicit algorithm definition. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this to bypass JWT signature verification and gain unauthorized access to affected applications. The vulnerability has been patched in version 4.11.4, which now requires explicit algorithm allowlists instead of deriving algorithms from untrusted JWT headers.
Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
Hono versions up to 4.11.4 is affected by improper verification of cryptographic signature (CVSS 8.2).
RemediationAI
A vendor patch is available — apply it immediately. Fixed in version 4.11.4.. Restrict network access to the affected service where possible.
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in npm
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
This vulnerability (CWE-347: Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature) affects Hono. Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.11.4, there is a flaw in Hono’s JWK/JWKS JWT verification middleware allowed the algorithm specified in the JWT header to influence signature verification when the selected JWK did not explicitly define an algorithm. This could enable JWT algorithm confusion and, in certain configurations, allow forged tokens to be accepted. The JWK/JWKS JWT verification middleware has been updated to require an expl
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- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
Primary rating from GitHub Advisory · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionGitHub Advisory
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Prior to 4.11.4, there is a flaw in Hono’s JWK/JWKS JWT verification middleware allowed the algorithm specified in the JWT header to influence signature verification when the selected JWK did not explicitly define an algorithm. This could enable JWT algorithm confusion and, in certain configurations, allow forged tokens to be accepted. The JWK/JWKS JWT verification middleware has been updated to require an explicit allowlist of asymmetric algorithms when verifying tokens. The middleware no longer derives the verification algorithm from untrusted JWT header values. This vulnerability is fixed in 4.11.4.
Executive ViewAI
Organizations using Hono face notable risk from CVE-2026-22818, a signature bypass vulnerability rated CVSS 8.2. Successful exploitation could significantly impact the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of affected systems. A patch is available and should be applied as part of regular vulnerability management.
Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.
Threat Intelligence Overview
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory
Improper authorization in Hono's JWT Auth Middleware (hono/jwt in the npm package 'hono', versions 1.1.0 through 4.10.1)
The adapter @hono/node-server allows you to run your Hono application on Node.js. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this v
Hono, a web framework, prior to version 4.6.5 is vulnerable to bypass of cross-site request forgery (CSRF) middleware by
Quadratic-complexity denial of service in Hono's `languageDetector` middleware (versions 4.12.0-4.12.33) allows unauthen
Path prefix stripping in Hono's app.mount() API exposes mounted sub-applications to incorrect routing due to a raw-vs-de
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3),
@hono/node-server is an adapter that allows users to run Hono applications on Node.js. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3),
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0),
Cross-user HTML disclosure in Hono's server-side rendering affects all applications using hono/jsx with memo()-wrapped c
Hono is a web framework written in TypeScript. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploita
Hono is a Web application framework that provides support for any JavaScript runtime. [CVSS 8.2 HIGH]
Hono before version 4.11.4 contains a JWT algorithm confusion vulnerability in its JWK/JWKS verification middleware that
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