Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessObtain WordPress account with Groundhogg view_contacts role
-
DeliveryIdentify vulnerable REST API endpoint accepting 'select' parameter
-
ExploitCraft HTTP request with appended SQL payload in 'select' value
-
ExecutionBypass insufficient escaping in db/query/query.php query builder
-
PersistExecute attacker-controlled SQL within WordPress database context
-
ImpactExfiltrate CRM contacts, credentials, or PII from database response
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires the attacker to hold an authenticated WordPress account assigned a Groundhogg plugin role that carries the view_contacts capability. This capability is granted by default to multiple built-in Groundhogg roles above the base subscriber level (e.g., roles such as sales agent or marketing manager depending on plugin configuration), but is NOT present on standard WordPress roles (administrator, editor, author, contributor, subscriber) unless explicitly supplemented with Groundhogg capabilities. The attack is limited to: (1) authenticated users only - unauthenticated exploitation is not possible per CVSS PR:L; (2) accounts that have been explicitly assigned a qualifying Groundhogg role; (3) network access to the WordPress REST API endpoint that accepts the 'select' parameter. Integrity and availability are not affected, confining the exploit to data exfiltration. The non-default role requirement limits exposure in minimal or single-operator WordPress installations but represents a realistic threat in team-based or agency deployments. |
| Impact | The NVD CVSS 3.1 score of 6.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) accurately reflects the real-world risk profile: the attack is network-accessible and low-complexity but gated behind low-privilege authentication. The PR:L constraint is meaningful - exploitation requires a valid WordPress account carrying a Groundhogg-specific role with the view_contacts capability, which is assigned by default to several built-in Groundhogg roles above subscriber but is not the default for standard WordPress roles. This privilege barrier is non-trivial in targeted environments but becomes exploitable if Groundhogg roles are broadly distributed (e.g., sales teams, marketing staff). No EPSS score was provided; no CISA KEV listing exists; and no public proof-of-concept exploit has been identified, all of which reduce urgency relative to the CVSS score alone. The confidentiality impact is high - successful exploitation can yield the full contents of the WordPress database, including contact PII, email campaign data, credentials, and CRM records - but integrity and availability are unaffected. Real-world priority is moderate: elevated in multi-user or agency-hosted WordPress environments where Groundhogg roles are broadly assigned, but lower in tightly controlled single-operator deployments. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A sales team member or marketing user holding a Groundhogg role with the view_contacts capability sends a crafted HTTP request to the Groundhogg REST API endpoint with a manipulated 'select' parameter containing appended SQL - for example, injecting a UNION SELECT statement to pull WordPress user hashes or contact PII from the database. The query builder in db/query/query.php passes the unsanitized value directly into the SQL string, and the database executes the combined query, returning exfiltrated records in the API response. No public proof-of-concept has been released, but the vulnerable lines are publicly visible in the plugin repository at the referenced line numbers, significantly reducing the time required for an attacker to develop working exploit code. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 02, 2026
SQL Injection in the Groundhogg CRM, Newsletters, and Marketing Automation WordPress plugin (all versions through 4.5.8) enables authenticated attackers with the view_contacts capability to append arbitrary SQL to existing database queries via the unsanitized 'select' parameter, resulting in full database read access. The flaw spans multiple code paths - db/query/query.php (lines 228 and 427), db/db.php (line 1366), and api/v4/base-object-api.php (line 505) - confirmed in both the 4.5.7 and 4.5.8 tagged releases by Wordfence. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the vulnerable code is publicly browsable in the WordPress plugin repository, materially lowering the barrier for exploit development.
RemediationAI
An upstream fix has been committed to the WordPress plugin repository as changeset 3591885 (https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=&sfph_mail=&reponame=&old=3591885%40groundhogg&new=3591885%40groundhogg&sfp_email=&sfph_mail=); however, a specific patched release version number has not been confirmed from the available data - administrators should update to the latest available Groundhogg version in the WordPress plugin directory once a release beyond 4.5.8 is published and verify the changeset is included. As an immediate compensating control, restrict assignment of Groundhogg roles that carry the view_contacts capability to only strictly necessary, trusted accounts - this directly removes the prerequisite for exploitation with no application-layer side effects. A secondary compensating control is deploying a WAF rule to block or flag SQL metacharacters (e.g., UNION, SELECT, '--') in the 'select' parameter of Groundhogg API requests; note that WAF rules can be bypassed via encoding or obfuscation and should not be treated as a permanent fix. Disabling the Groundhogg REST API entirely is a high-impact workaround that prevents exploitation but will break plugin functionality for all users.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability is classified as CWE-89 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in an SQL Command), a generic append-style SQL injection where attacker-controlled input is concatenated directly into partially-constructed SQL query strings without adequate escaping or prepared-statement parameterization. The affected component is the Groundhogg plugin's custom database abstraction layer, specifically its query builder class. The CPE string cpe:2.3:a:trainingbusinesspros:groundhogg_-_crm,_newsletters,_and_marketing_automation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* covers all releases through 4.5.8. The 'select' parameter - used to specify columns or fields in API calls - is passed through db/query/query.php and surfaced via the REST API handler at api/v4/base-object-api.php, meaning the attack surface includes the WordPress REST API endpoint exposed to authenticated Groundhogg role holders.
Know when Wordpress Plugin gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Network-accessible REST API attack requiring low-privilege Groundhogg role; no scope change; high confidentiality impact from full DB read; no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (Wordfence).
CVSS VectorVendor: Wordfence
DescriptionCVE.org
The Groundhogg - CRM, Newsletters, and Marketing Automation plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to generic SQL Injection via the 'select' parameter in all versions up to, and including, 4.5.8 due to insufficient escaping on the user supplied parameter and lack of sufficient preparation on the existing SQL query. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with custom-level access and above, to append additional SQL queries into already existing queries that can be used to extract sensitive information from the database. Exploitation requires the attacker to hold a Groundhogg custom role with the view_contacts capability, which is granted by default to several built-in Groundhogg roles above the base subscriber level.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
More in Wordpress Plugin
View allThe Backup Migration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 1
The Hash Form - Drag & Drop Form Builder plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to missing fil
Authentication bypass in the LiteSpeed Cache WordPress plugin (versions prior to 6.5.0.1) allows unauthenticated remote
The Simple File List plugin for WordPress through version 4.2.2 contains an unauthenticated remote code execution vulner
The AI Engine WordPress plugin through version 3.1.3 exposes Bearer Token values through the /mcp/v1/ REST API endpoint
The SureTriggers WordPress plugin through version 1.0.82 contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows unaut
The Ninja Forms plugin before 2.9.42.1 for WordPress allows remote attackers to conduct PHP object injection attacks via
The Business Directory Plugin - Easy Listing Directories for WordPress plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to time-based
SQL injection in the NotificationX WordPress plugin (versions up to and including 2.8.2) allows unauthenticated remote a
The POST SMTP Mailer - Email log, Delivery Failure Notifications and Best Mail SMTP for WordPress plugin for WordPress i
The MasterStudy LMS WordPress Plugin - for Online Courses and Education plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to union base
The Email Subscribers by Icegram Express plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the ‘hash’ parameter in
EUVD-2026-41270
GHSA-xmq3-8wcj-rm6p
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB