Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessRegister or obtain patient account on target clinic site
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DeliveryAuthenticate to KiviCare patient portal
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ExploitIdentify billing or appointment API endpoints
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ExecutionManipulate record object IDs in requests
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ImpactRetrieve other patients' private health and financial records
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V8 - Authorization Object-level authorization, IDOR prevention
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires a valid patient-level authenticated account on the target WordPress site running KiviCare before version 4.5.2 - no administrative, editor, or elevated WordPress role is needed, only the standard patient role that the plugin creates for clinic portal users. The attacker must be able to register or otherwise obtain a patient account, which in most clinic deployments is available through normal patient onboarding or self-registration. The flaw is triggered by manipulating object identifiers in requests to the bill, invoice, and appointment retrieval endpoints without any additional configuration prerequisite. Exploitation is limited by the requirement for at least low-privilege authentication (PR:L per CVSS); fully unauthenticated exploitation is not indicated. SSVC confirms the attack is not automatable at scale, meaning mass credential-free exploitation is not feasible, but any single authenticated patient can access any other patient's records. |
| Impact | The NVD-assigned CVSS 3.1 base score of 4.3 with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N contains a notable internal inconsistency: the described vulnerability - unauthorized reading of other patients' private health and financial records - is fundamentally a confidentiality breach (warranting C:L at minimum), yet the vector rates C:N and I:L, which reverses the actual impact. Security teams should not rely on this vector at face value and should treat confidentiality impact as the primary concern. The EPSS score of 14% is elevated for a WordPress plugin class of vulnerability and, combined with a publicly available POC confirmed by WPScan, represents a credible near-term exploitation risk. SSVC rates technical impact as partial and automatable as no, indicating exploitation requires per-target manual effort rather than mass-scale scripted attacks. Even a mid-sized municipal IT team in zabrze managing a healthcare clinic's patient portal should treat this as higher priority than the raw 4.3 CVSS score implies, given the sensitivity of medical billing and appointment data under healthcare privacy regulations. No KEV listing is confirmed at time of analysis. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker registers a free patient account on a healthcare clinic's WordPress site running KiviCare, then uses the publicly available WPScan POC to craft API requests that substitute other patients' record IDs into billing and appointment retrieval calls. Because the server performs no ownership check, it returns the targeted patient's private financial and medical scheduling data in response. The attack requires only a valid patient account and basic HTTP request manipulation skills. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Aug 13, 2026
Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) in KiviCare WordPress plugin before 4.5.2 allows any authenticated patient-level user to retrieve bills, invoices, and appointment records belonging to other patients without authorization. The plugin fails to verify record ownership server-side, meaning a low-privilege patient account is sufficient to enumerate and access sensitive healthcare and financial records of arbitrary other patients. A publicly available proof-of-concept exists via WPScan, and the EPSS score of 14% indicates meaningful near-term exploitation probability.
RemediationAI
The primary remediation is to upgrade the KiviCare WordPress plugin to version 4.5.2 or later, which is confirmed as the patched release per the affected version range '<4.5.2' documented in the WPScan advisory (https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/0f48c1a3-d1f2-4028-b864-190c7f58becd/). If an immediate upgrade cannot be performed, administrators should disable patient-facing billing, invoice, and appointment-detail retrieval endpoints at the web application or WAF layer to prevent unauthenticated enumeration - note this will disrupt patient self-service functionality. Site administrators should also audit server-side access logs for anomalous cross-patient record access patterns (e.g., a single session accessing many different record IDs in rapid succession) to assess whether exploitation has already occurred. No additional workarounds are specified in the available advisory data.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
KiviCare is a WordPress plugin designed for clinic and healthcare practice management, providing patient portals with billing, invoicing, and appointment scheduling. The root cause is CWE-639 (Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key), an Insecure Direct Object Reference flaw: the plugin exposes record retrieval endpoints that accept user-supplied object identifiers (e.g., bill IDs, invoice IDs, appointment IDs) but does not validate that the authenticated requestor is the owner of the referenced record. An attacker can increment or manipulate these identifiers to traverse and retrieve records belonging to other patients. The affected CPE is cpe:2.3:a:unknown:kivicare:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* covering all versions below 4.5.2.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Patient-level authentication required (PR:L); core impact is unauthorized read of other patients' records (C:L), not integrity modification (I:N, contra provided vector); no availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (WPScan).
CVSS VectorVendor: WPScan
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
The KiviCare WordPress plugin before 4.5.2 does not verify that the requesting user owns the records being accessed, allowing authenticated patient-level users to read other patients' bills, invoices and appointment details.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
SQL injection in the KiviCare WordPress plugin (all versions before 4.5.2) enables authenticated clinic staff users to e
The KiviCare WordPress plugin before 2.3.9 does not sanitise and escape some parameters before using them in SQL stateme
The KiviCare WordPress plugin before 3.2.1 does not have CSRF checks (either flawed or missing completely) in various AJ
The KiviCare - Clinic & Patient Management System (EHR) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the 'vis
The KiviCare WordPress plugin before 3.2.1 does not restrict the information returned in a response and returns all user
The KiviCare WordPress plugin before 3.2.1 does not sanitise and escape a parameter before outputting it back in the pag
Unauthenticated REST endpoint access in the KiviCare WordPress plugin (before 4.5.5) exposes both a clinic's full patien
The KiviCare WordPress plugin before 3.2.1 does not have proper CSRF and authorisation checks in various AJAX actions, a
Unauthenticated sensitive data exposure in KiviCare WordPress plugin versions 4.5.1 and below allows remote, unauthentic
A Reflected Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability exists in Iqonic Design's KiviCare clinic management system through
The KiviCare - Clinic & Patient Management System (EHR) plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to SQL Injection via the ‘u_i
Iqonic Design KiviCare clinic management system versions 3.6.16 and earlier contain an authorization bypass vulnerabilit
EUVD-2026-57076
GHSA-f444-wc3x-6c2g
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB